Feline Skeletal Reference Guide: A Cadaveric Radiographic Measurement on Lower Limb Extremities

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to create a feline reference database for the length, width and slenderness (length to width ratio) of metacarpal and metatarsal bones, radius and tibia. Study Design Radiographs of the radius, tibia, metacarpus and metatarsus were performed in domestic short hair cat cadavers (n = 40). Length and width of the aforementioned bones were measured in mature domestic shorthair cats and bone slenderness (length/width) and index ratios calculated. Results A significant skeletal sex dimorphism exists in cats, with bones of the metacarpus, metatarsus, radius and tibia generally longer and wider in male cats compared with female cats, with differences frequently significant. The most significant difference was identified for the width of Mc5 (p = 0.0008) and the length and width of Mt5 (p = 0.0005). Index ratios for length and width of radius to metacarpal bones, and tibia to metatarsal bones, were not significantly different between male and female cats, except for Mc5. The index ratio for Mc5 was significantly higher in male cats (p = 0.002). Conclusion The present study provides insights into the normal length and width of distal forelimb and hind limb bones as well as bone index ratios in mature domestic shorthair cats. Using this information, it is now possible to quantitatively assess the relationship between these bones in domestic cats using radiography. This will assist not only with the diagnosis and categorization of skeletal abnormalities but can also guide surgical interventions of metacarpal and metatarsal bone fractures.

Download Full-text

The Size and The Shape of Sagittal Otolith of Redtail Scad, Decapterus kurroides Blekeer 1855 from Kema Bay, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Omni-Akuatika ◽

10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.3.861 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Fransine B Manginsela ◽

Gybert E Mamuaya ◽

Rizald M Rompas ◽

Lawrence J L Lumingas

Keyword(s):

Shape Index ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Total Length ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Sagittal Otolith ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Width ◽

The Difference ◽

Otolith Size

This study aimed to examine the difference in the otolith size and otolith shape of redtail scad Decapterus kurrodes between sex in North Sulawesi. The otoliths of D. kurroides were studied for sagitta otolith pair samples of 34 juveniles, 58 females and 75 males from Kema Bay. These pairs sagitta otolith images were interpreted using ImageJ tool to describe the otolith size (length, width, perimeter, and area), then we calculated the shape index (form factor, roundness, circularity, rectangularity, ellipticity and aspect ratio or length-width ratio). No significant difference was found in otolith length between left and right otoliths of juveniles of D. kurroides or called symmetrical but significant differences or asymmetrical were found in all sample, females and males. The regressions of total length against otolith sizes (otolith lengt, otolith width otolith perimeter and otolith area of D. kurroides follow a power function. The growth patterns showed dominant allometric growth in total length–otolith sizes relationships of D. kurroides from Kema Bay, Key Words: size, shape index, otolith, Decapterus kurroides, Kema Bay.

Download Full-text

Numerical methods and image processing techniques for melissopalynological honey analysis

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.5219/1517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 58-65

Author(s):

Zdeňka Javůrková ◽

Matej Pospiech ◽

Simona Ljasovská ◽

Pavel Hrabec ◽

Bohuslava Tremlová

Keyword(s):

Pollen Grains ◽

Depth Of Field ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Automated Systems ◽

Depth Of Focus ◽

Image Processing Techniques ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Width ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

Honey Analysis

Pollen analysis is a method used for verification of the botanical and geographical honey origin. Currently, much effort is being made to introduce automated systems with the use of image analysis programs. The automatic analysis is impeded by the insufficient depth of field of objects when using a light microscope, however, this can be avoided by using image reconstruction from images obtained from different focal planes. In this method, testing was performed on the normal focus (NF) and extended-depth-of-focus (EDF) images. These two methods were compared and statistically evaluated. The number of pollen grains and selected morphometric characteristics were compared. For EDF images, a higher number of pollen grains was obtained for the analysis, and except for the length/width ratio, a statistically significant difference was observed in the characteristics of pollen grains between the compared NF and EDF methods.

Download Full-text

Venous Supercharging Reduces Complications and Improves Outcomes of Distally Based Sural Flaps

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1598620 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (05) ◽

pp. 343-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Farid Bekara ◽

Nicolas Bertheuil ◽

Raphael Carloni ◽

Sandy Dast ◽

Raphael Sinna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Open Fracture ◽

Lower Leg ◽

Venous Congestion ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Distal Lower Leg ◽

Length Width ◽

Prospective Comparative Study ◽

Distally Based

Background The use of distally based neurocutaneous sural flaps (DBNCSF) is one of the most common methods of reconstructing the distal lower leg. However, they have developed a bad reputation because of their propensity for venous engorgement. Venous congestion that can lead to distal necrosis can be prevented by venous supercharging. Using a prospective comparative study, we thus explored the effect of venous supercharging on the reliability of these useful workhorse flaps. Methods We prospectively included 38 patients who received a conventional DBNCSF and 38 patients who received a supercharged version of this flap (sDBNCSF) between January 2012 and July 2016. Results No significant difference was identified between the groups in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, or defect origin. The main reconstruction etiology was traumatic (open fracture, scar disunion, and chronic osteitis). The flap size was noticeably larger in the sDBNCSF group, albeit without significance. The length-width ratio was significantly greater in the sDBNCSF group (6.08 vs. 5.53, p = 0.022). Venous congestion was significantly more common in the non-supercharged group (28.6 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.01), as was coverage failure (23.7 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.035). Conclusion There are significant benefits to using venous supercharging of DBNCSF, when technically feasible. In our experience, venous supercharging increases reliability, allows the raise of larger skin paddles with much narrower pedicles limiting the morbidity of the procedure, and improves the functional and esthetic results.

Download Full-text

Variability in Nutritional Composition, Kernel Morphology and Cooking Quality of Selected Rice in Xingan Meng from Northeast China

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202018902024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 189 ◽

pp. 02024

Author(s):

Hong Zhu ◽

Ke-hong Liang ◽

Ju Qiu ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Zhi-yuan Ji

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Northeast China ◽

Cooking Quality ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Width ◽

Production Area ◽

Kernel Morphology

Paddy rice cultivation expanded in Northeast China, and Xingan Meng of Inner Mongolia is an emerging area of rice production area. The goals of this study: i) to investigate varietal differences in levels of nutritional quality, kernel morphology and cooking quality and ii) to identify clusters of rice samples from Xingan Meng, northeast part of China. Research was conducted in Xingan Meng, China during the 2019 rice-growing season. The nutritional quality (energy, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amylose, ash, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn), cooking quality (alkali spreading value, gel consistency) and kernel morphology (length, width, length width ratio, chalky rice percentage, chalky rice degree) were analysed. Significant difference were found across all traits. The largest variation was found for Mn, followed by Ca, Fe and Zn content. Four principal components were found that accounted for 95.14% of overall variability. Cluster analysis sorted the rice sample into four clusters based on nutritional quality, kernel morphology, and cooking quality. The findings of this study can support to demonstrate the quality of rice from Xingan Meng, northeast part of China.

Download Full-text

The Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Cystine Stones: A Single-Center Experience for 13 Years

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1336

Author(s):

Toshifumi Takahashi ◽

Shinya Somiya ◽

Katsuhiro Ito ◽

Toru Kanno ◽

Yoshihito Higashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Intervention ◽

Median Number ◽

Small Sample ◽

Age At Diagnosis ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Cystine Stones

Introduction: Cystine stone development is relatively uncommon among patients with urolithiasis, and most studies have reported only on small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. We evaluated clinical courses and treatment outcomes of patients with cystine stones with long-term follow-up at our center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 22 patients diagnosed with cystine stones between January 1989 and May 2019. Results: The median follow-up was 160 (range 6–340) months, and the median patient age at diagnosis was 46 (range 12–82) years. All patients underwent surgical interventions at the first visit (4 extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, 5 ureteroscopy, and 13 percutaneous nephrolithotripsy). The median number of stone events and surgical interventions per year was 0.45 (range 0–2.6) and 0.19 (range 0–1.3) after initial surgical intervention. The median time to stone events and surgical intervention was 2 years and 3.25 years, respectively. There was a significant difference in time to stone events and second surgical intervention when patients were divided at 50 years of age at diagnosis (p = 0.02, 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Only age at a diagnosis under 50 was significantly associated with recurrent stone events and intervention. Adequate follow-up and treatment are needed to manage patients with cystine stones safely.

Download Full-text

Diversity of Pod Shape in Pisum

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13050203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Thomas Henry Noel Ellis ◽

Julie M. I. Hofer ◽

Eleni Vikeli ◽

Michael J. Ambrose ◽

Paola Higuera-Poveda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allelic Variation ◽

Size Variation ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Negative Regulators ◽

Wide Range ◽

Yield Determination ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Length Width ◽

End Use ◽

Pod Length

The seed-containing pod is the defining structure of plants in the legume family, yet pods exhibit a wide range of morphological variation. Within a species pod characters are likely to be correlated with reproductive strategy, and within cultivated forms will correspond to aspects of yield determination and/or end use. Here variation in pod size, described as pod length: pod width ratio, has been analyzed in pea germplasm represented by 597 accessions. This pod size variation is discussed with respect to population structure and to known classical pod morphology mutants. Variability of the pod length: width ratio can be explained by allelic variation at two genetic loci that may correspond to organ-specific negative regulators of growth.

Download Full-text

Assessment of necessity of neuronavigation in localization of calvarial extra-axial lesions in the setting of limited resources

Chinese Neurosurgical Journal ◽

10.1186/s41016-021-00253-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hussein Soffar ◽

Mohamed F. Alsawy

Keyword(s):

Conventional Method ◽

Linear Measurement ◽

Limited Resources ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Localization Method ◽

Mean Error ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

Abstract Background Neuronavigation is a very beneficial tool in modern neurosurgical practice. However, the neuronavigation is not available in most of the hospitals in our country raising the question about its importance in localizing the calvarial extra-axial lesions and to what extent it is safe to operate without it. Methods We studied twenty patients with calvarial extra-axial lesions who underwent surgical interventions. All lesions were preoperatively located with both neuronavigation and the usual linear measurements. Both methods were compared regarding the time consumed to localize the tumor and the accuracy of each method to anticipate the actual center of the tumor. Results The mean error of distance between the planned center of the tumor and the actual was 6.50 ± 1.762 mm in conventional method, whereas the error was 3.85 ± 1.309 mm in IGS method. Much more time was consumed during the neuronavigation method including booting, registration, and positioning. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean time passed in the conventional method and IGS method (2.05 ± 0.826, 24.90 ± 1.334, respectively), P-value < 0.001. Conclusion In the setting of limited resources, the linear measurement localization method seems to have an accepted accuracy in the localization of calvarial extra-axial lesions and it saves more time than neuronavigation method.

Download Full-text

Meshing Method of High Precision FEM in Large Complex Structural Simulations

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.701 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 195-196 ◽

pp. 701-704

Author(s):

Yan Hua Xue ◽

Zhi Guang Wang ◽

Xiao Hong Li ◽

Xin Jiang

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Large Complex ◽

Mesh Density ◽

Length Width ◽

Complex Structural ◽

Dimensional Element

Shing is playing an important role in the large complex structural FEM simulations; it has a direct effect on calculating precision of structural simulations. For increasing the calculation accuracy and analysis accuracy of complex structure, the finite element meshing problems is proposed on the finite element analysis of large complicated structures. The effects caused by element type, mesh density and intergradations on calculating precision are studied and discussed. A research argues that with length-width ratio of 1~2 and length-thickness ration of 1.5~4.5 of two-dimensional rectangular element, the quality of meshing method of two-dimensional element is above normal. As the height of one-dimensional element is equal to the sum of reinforcing rib height of outer panel and half the thickness of panel, more accurate results can be obtained.

Download Full-text

Morphogenesis of the silkworm egg

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.36.1.13 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

J. M. Legay

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Follicle ◽

Temporal Organization ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Follicle Development ◽

Ovarian Follicle Development ◽

Length Width ◽

Form Stability

Ovarian follicle development, which accompanies morphogenesis of the silkworm egg has three distinct phases: spheric, ellipsoidal and flattened-ellipsoid. Transitions between phases are rapid and form-stability (characterized by length/width ratio) is preserved from the beginning of the ellipsoidal phase. The geometric stability of the follicle-oocyte-ovariole system, the polarity of the egg and the determinism in form changes reveal strikingly coordinated spatial and temporal organization.

Download Full-text

Analysis of demographics and outcomes of surgical resection in the CNS of patients with melanoma.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e21534 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e21534-e21534

Author(s):

Achuta Kumar Guddati ◽

Takefumi Komiya ◽

Picon Hector ◽

Allan N. Krutchik ◽

Gagan Kumar

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Surgical Resection ◽

Home Healthcare ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Discharge Disposition ◽

Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database ◽

Significant Difference

e21534 Background: Patients with melanoma frequently develop central nervous system metastases. Oligometastatic disease is often treated either by surgical resection or by stereotactic radiotherapy. This study investigates the trends and clinical outcomes of patients with melanoma who have undergone surgical procedures on the central nervous system during their hospitalization. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed based on admissions of adult patients who underwent craniectomy/surgical resection for metastatic melanoma from 2002 -2014 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. The primary outcome measure was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay(LOS) and discharge disposition (home/home with health care and skilled nursing facilities/long term acute care (SNF/LTAC)). Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were examined by multivariable logistic regression. We adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics, payer, and comorbid conditions. We also examined trends of mortality for the study years. P was kept at 0.05. Results: There were an estimated 5972 discharges of patients with melanoma undergoing craniectomy/surgical resection during the study period. Patients undergoing surgical interventions were typically males (69%) and whites (79%). 98% of procedures were performed at teaching hospitals. Unadjusted all-cause in-hospital mortality was 3.1%. There was no significant difference in mortality over 13 years. Age, gender, and race were not associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Median LOS was 5 days (IQR 3-9 days). LOS was longer in elderly and those with higher Charlson co-morbid index. Of the survivors, 76% were discharged to home or with home healthcare while 24% were discharged to SNF/LTAC. Patients with age > 65 (OR 2.9; 95%CI 2.2-3.9, p < 0.001) and those with higher Charlson co-morbid index (OR 1.2; 95%CI 1.1-1.3) had higher odds for being discharged to SNF/LTAC. Conclusions: Patients who undergo craniectomy/surgical resection for melanoma have a low in-hospital mortality rate. One quarter of patients are discharged to SNF/LTAC.

Download Full-text