scholarly journals Ultrafine Bubbles Technology for Breaking Dormancy of Sandalwood Seeds (Santalum album L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Juliana Maia ◽  
◽  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
Eny Widajati ◽  
Yohannes Aris Purwanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Outermost Surface ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Santalum Album L

Sandalwood seed has two types of dormancy, namely physical dormancy and physiological dormancy which is a combination of the Two-part is called morphophysiological dormancy. There is for breaks dormancy in sandalwood for earlier embryo maturation and elongation also it has hard and impermeable skin. Its structure consists of layers of thick-walled palisade-like cells especially on the outermost surface and the inside has a waxy coating and curse material. The objective of this study was to break of seed dormancy with technology Ultrafine Bubbles (UFB) on the morphophysiological dormancy on sandalwood seeds. The experiments used a randomized complete block designed (RCBD) with 3 replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and will be continued using the DMRT test at the 5% level. The research was conducted from February - March 0f 2020. The results showed that immersion using UFB water with oxygen 20 ppm or either UFB free oxygen for 24 and 48 hours combined with physical scarification and chemical scarification could accelerate germination in 13 days after germination (appeared radicle), percentage of growth speed (GS) is 4.67%, maximum growth (MG) in 21 days after sowing is 66.67% with normal sprouts 2-4 leaves have grown.

Classification and ecological relationships of seed dormancy in a seasonal moist tropical forest, Panama, Central America

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Sautu ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jose Deago ◽  
Richard Condit
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Dry Seasons

AbstractThis is the first study to determine the class of seed dormancy (or non-dormancy) of a large number of native tree species in a tropical forest, the seasonal moist tropical forest of the Panama Canal Watershed (PCW), or to test the relationships between class of dormancy (or non-dormancy) and various seed and ecological characteristics of the constituent species. Fresh seeds of 49 of 94 tree species were non-dormant (ND), and 45 were dormant (D). Seeds of 23 species had physiological dormancy (PD), 13 physical dormancy (PY), two morphological dormancy (MD), 7 morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and none combinational dormancy (PY+PD). Seeds with PY were significantly smaller ( < 0.1 g) and drier (moisture content < 16%) at maturity than those that were ND or in the other D classes. Seeds of 62, 42 and 53% of species dispersed in the early rainy, late rainy (LRS) and dry seasons, respectively, were ND. The majority (61%) of species with PD seeds, but only 17% of those with PY seeds, were dispersed in the LRS. The proportion of species with ND seeds was higher in large-size (63%) than in mid-size (35%) and understorey (17%) trees, but differed only slightly between non-pioneers (58%) and pioneers (54%). The proportion of species with D seeds increased only slightly through a precipitation gradient of about 3100 to 1900 mm in the PCW; however, PY increased from 19 to 32% and PD decreased from 63 to 44%.

scholarly journals A classification system for seed dormancy

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Physiological Dormancy

The proposal is made that seed scientists need an internationally acceptable hierarchical system of classification for seed dormancy. Further, we suggest that a modified version of the scheme of the Russian seed physiologist Marianna G. Nikolaeva be adopted. The modified system includes three hierarchical layers – class, level and type; thus, a class may contain levels and types, and a level may contain only types. The system includes five classes of dormancy: physiological dormancy (PD), morphological dormancy (MD), morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), physical dormancy (PY) and combinational dormancy (PY + PD). The most extensive classification schemes are for PD, which contains three levels and five types (in the non-deep level), and MPD, which contains eight levels but no types. PY is not subdivided at all but probably should be, for reasons given. Justifications are presented for not including mechanical dormancy or chemical dormancy in the modified scheme. PD (non-deep level) is the most common kind of dormancy, and occurs in gymnosperms (Coniferales,Gnetales) and in all major clades of angiosperms. Since, first, this is the class and level of dormancy in seeds of wild populations ofArabidopsis thalianaand, secondly, Type 1 (to which seeds ofA. thalianabelong) is also common, and geographically and phylogenetically widespread, it seems that biochemical, molecular and genetic studies on seed dormancy in this model species might have rather broad application in explaining the basic mechanism(s) of physiological dormancy in seeds.

scholarly journals Optimization of Different Factors for Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis in Suspension Cultures in Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Tripathi ◽  
Niraj Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Gyanendra Tiwari ◽  
Nishi Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Santalum Album L ◽  
Embryogenic Tissues

Santalum album (L.) is a prized tropical tree species of high therapeutic and industrial importance. The wood of these naturally grown plants is extensively harvested to acquire therapeutically important metabolite santalol and be used for additional functions such as in wood statuette industries. Due to high demand, it is crucial to maintain a sufficient plant population. An easy protocol for establishing cell suspension culture initiated from the loose embryogenic callus mass of sandalwood was realized by shifting 6–8-week-old morphogenic calli acquired from the mature embryonic axis and cotyledon explant cultures in fluid media. The asynchronous embryogenic cultures were sloughed with clumps of flourishing cell clumps and embryos of various progressive phases along with diffident non-embryogenic tissues. The frequency of embryo proliferation was evidenced to determinethe expansion pace of embryogenic masses under diverse conditions. The intonation of initiation and creation of cell suspension was under the directive of the influence of exogenous plant growth regulators amended in the nutrient medium at different concentrations and combinations. Maximum relative growth rate (386%) and clumps/embryoids in elevated integers (321.44) were accomplished on MS nutrient medium fortified with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-D in association with 0.5 mg L−1 BA and 30.0 g L−1 sucrose raised from mature embryonic axis-derived calli. Plantlet regeneration in higher frequency (84.43%) was evidenced on MS medium amended with 1.0 mg L−1 each of TDZ and GA3 in conjunction with 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 20.0 g L−1 sucrose. Mature embryonic axis-derived calli were found to be constantly better than mature cotyledon-derived calli for raising profitable and reproducible cell suspension cultures. Regenerants displayed normal growth and morphology and were founded successfully in the external environment after hardening.

Functional characterization of an Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L.) dual-localized bifunctional nerolidol/linalool synthase gene involved in stress response

2021 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 112610
Author(s):  
Xinhua Zhang ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Meiyun Niu ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Huanfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Santalum Album L ◽  
Linalool Synthase

scholarly journals The biosynthesis of cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline in sandal (Santalum album L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kuttan ◽  
A N Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Santalum Album ◽  
Santalum Album L

Characterization of somatic embryogenesis in sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sankara Rao ◽  
N. K. Chrungoo ◽  
Amares Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Santalum Album L

Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa J. Michael ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Malva Parviflora

Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination; flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF; desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.

scholarly journals KUTU SISIK PADA CENDANA (Santalum album L.) DI KUPANG, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Eritrina Windyarini ◽  
Illa Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Santalum Album ◽  
Santalum Album L
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