Embodying Cognition in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

The Embodied Cognitive Behavior Therapy (ECBT) approach for the treatment of emotional disorders in clinical settings is presented. The model integrates cognitive behavioral theory, neuroscience and embodied cognition. ECBT draws from evidence of bidirectional effects between modes of bottom up (sensori-motor simulations giving rise to important basis of knowledge) and top down (abstract mental representations of knowledge) processes in psychotherapy. The paper first describes the dominance of the traditional mentalistic view of cognition and its limitations. Evidence for the embodied model of cognition and emotion is reviewed whilst highlighting its advantages as a complimentary process model to deepen and broaden talking therapies. An overview is given of the switch (e.g., the technique of balancing) between top-down and bottom-up orientation in the ECBT model as well as a clear description of the method for emotional regulation, acceptance of unwanted emotions and emotional mastery. ECBT builds on and extends the unconscious processes of the ‘Interpersonal Synchrony’ (IS) model identified by Koole and Tschacher [1], to enhance the therapeutic alliance for emotional co-regulation. A new idea is proposed that both embraces and extends the IS model: embodiment techniques of imitation and movement synchronization in the Emotional Field of our method be used in a conscious way to speed up the calming effects of co-regulation and the client’s self-regulatory capacity. The paper ends with an outline of the criteria needed to become an embodied therapist. A case study is given highlighting these aspects.

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Response trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive behavioral therapy in young-adult pathological gamblers

Journal of Behavioral Addictions ◽

10.1556/2006.2020.00008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 140-152

Author(s):

Roser Granero ◽

Susana Valero-Solis ◽

Fernando Fernández-Aranda ◽

Mónica Gómez-Peña ◽

Laura Moragas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Latent Class ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Therapeutic Outcomes ◽

Gambling Severity ◽

Pre Treatment

Abstract Background and aims The significant increase in the prevalence of gambling disorder (GD) among young adults in recent years has attracted interest in determining therapeutic efficiency in this sector of the population. The aim of this work was to estimate the response trajectories of gambling severity during the six-month follow-up after a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program in young adult patients and to identify the main variables associated with each trajectory. Methods The sample included n = 192 patients, aged 19–35 years old, seeking treatment for GD. Response trajectories were identified through latent class growth analysis. Results Three trajectories emerged: T1 (n = 118, 61.5%), composed of patients with severe GD at pre-treatment and good evolution to recovery; T2 (n = 62, 32.3%), with patients with moderate-high GD affectation at baseline and good evolution to recovery; and T3 (n = 12, 6.3%), with participants with severe baseline GD severity and poor evolution after CBT (Abbott, 2019). The highest risk of poor therapeutic outcomes was related to lower social index positions, high emotional distress, high scores in harm avoidance and low scores in self-directedness. Discussion and conclusions Differences in the response trajectories at short-term follow-up after CBT reveal heterogeneity in the samples including young and young-adult GD patients. Patients' phenotype at baseline should be considered when developing efficient, person-centered intervention programs, which should comprise strategies aimed at increasing emotional regulation capacities, self-esteem and self-efficacy, with the aim of avoiding relapses in the medium-long term after therapy.

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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.28.4.175 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Nadja Slee ◽

Ella Arensman ◽

Nadia Garnefski ◽

Philip Spinhoven

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Theory ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Behavioral Pattern ◽

Behavioral Theory ◽

Relationship Building ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Deliberate Self Harm ◽

Self Harm ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Patients who engage in deliberate self-harm (DSH) form a heterogeneous population. There is a need for psychotherapeutic interventions that give therapists the flexibility to tailor the treatment plan to the needs of an individual patient. To detect essential ingredients for treatment, three different cognitive-behavioral theories of DSH will be reviewed: (1) the cognitive-behavioral theory of Linehan (1993a) , (2) the cognitive theory of Berk, Henriques, Warman, Brown, and Beck (2004) , and (3) the cognitive-behavioral theory of Rudd, Joiner, and Rajab (2001) . A review of these theories makes it possible to compare the different approaches to the essential aspects in the treatment of DSH: a trusting patient-therapist relationship, building emotion regulation skills, cognitive restructuring, and behavioral pattern breaking. An overview will be given of therapeutic techniques that can be used to address the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems associated with DSH.

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Imprinting Beyond the Founding Phase: How Sedimented Imprints Develop over Time

Organization Science ◽

10.1287/orsc.2020.1372 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 1579-1600

Author(s):

Lien De Cuyper ◽

Bart Clarysse ◽

Nelson Phillips

Keyword(s):

Process Model ◽

External Environment ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Social Venture ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time ◽

Do So

In this study, we build on the foundational observations of Selznick and Stinchcombe that organizations bear the lasting imprint of their founding context and explore how characteristics shaped during founding are coherently carried forward through time. To do so, we draw on an ethnography of a social venture where the entrepreneurs left soon after founding. In examining how an initial organizational imprint evolves beyond a venture’s founding phase, we focus on the actions and interactions of organizational members, the founders’ imprint, the venture’s new leadership, and the external environment. The process model we develop shows how the organizational imprint evolves as a consequence of the interplay between top-down and bottom-up forces. We first find that the initial imprint is transmitted through a bottom-up mechanism of imprint reinforcement, and second, that the venture is reimprinted after the founding period through two processes which we call imprint reforming and imprint coupling. The result of this is the formation of a sedimented imprint. Our findings further illuminate that, although the initial imprint sticks, its function and manifestation changes over time.

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Supervising Child Psychiatry Fellows in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Crucibles and Choices

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/0889-8391.27.1.61 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amanda M. Pearl ◽

Fauzia Mahr ◽

Robert D. Friedberg

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Clinical Skills ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Early Career ◽

Behavioral Theory ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Affective Arousal ◽

Child Psychiatric ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Child psychiatric fellows enter cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) training experiences with a wide variety of backgrounds and experiences in this area of treatment. Although some child fellows have fundamental knowledge of cognitive-behavioral theory, most struggle with the CBT model and even more so, subsequently using this model to guide treatment. Unlike supervising early career mental health professionals, child residents often possess a skill set apt for CBT including using a problem-oriented focus, a tendency to use structured methods in treatment, the use of psychoeducation, and basic clinical skills including genuineness, understanding, and empathy. On the other hand, child psychiatric fellows find several areas of CBT challenging because it is often vastly different from previous experience, including more frequent and longer sessions, the use of collaborative empiricism, developing case conceptualizations, and tolerating negative affective arousal. Moreover, training climates in psychiatry departments may shape the supervision experiences. Various specific recommendations are offered to manage these crucibles. Overall, although there are significant challenges when supervising child residents in CBT rotations, having knowledge of these crucibles and access to choices for addressing these supervisory tests enhances both supervisor and supervisee competence.

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Enhancing In Vivo Exposure in the Treatment of Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Location-Based Technologies: A Case Study

Clinical Case Studies ◽

10.1177/1534650119892900 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 145-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ignacio Miralles ◽

Carlos Granell ◽

Azucena García-Palacios ◽

Diana Castilla ◽

Alberto González-Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Panic Disorder ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Future Research ◽

Unified Protocol ◽

High Satisfaction ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Panic disorder (PD) is quite prevalent and often appears along with agoraphobia (PD/A). The treatment of choice is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Transdiagnostic intervention, an emotion-focused, cognitive behavioral intervention that has led to the Unified Protocol (UP), emphasizes the common underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development and maintenance of emotional disorders such as PD/A. A core feature of this treatment approach is in vivo exposure (IVE) to feared situations, which aims to prevent avoidance behaviors and encourages the patient to confront feared situations gradually. It is a difficult component for patients, especially when implementing the exposure on their own. Different feedback formats can be used to increase adequate IVE and reduce overt or subtle avoidance. The use of smartphones is a very useful option to initiate and sustain exposure behavior. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of location-based technologies (LBTs) during the IVE component of the UP treatment of a 47-year-old patient with PD/A. The acceptability and usability of the system were assessed. The Symptoms platform was employed during the exposure module, using LBT with a smartphone app. The patient reported positive expectations, high satisfaction scores, and an overall satisfactory experience. Enhancing key therapeutic components during treatment through the development of media-based tools is a very promising future research aim, and the possibility of using advanced smartphone features should be explored.

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Issues of therapy of chronic non-specific lumbodynia

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2020-8-46-52 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

V. A. Parfenov ◽

E. V. Parfenova

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Low Back ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Radiofrequency Denervation ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Chronic Course

Low back pain or lumbalgia is one of the most common reasons for going to the doctor. Non-specific (musculoskeletal) pain is the most common (90%) cause of chronic lumbalgia. The chronic course of lumbalgia is determined not only by the anatomical sources of pain, but also by psychological and social factors that should be considered when managing patients. In the treatment of chronic nonspecific lumbalgia, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach is effective, including optimization of drug therapy and motor activity, psychological methods (cognitive-behavioral therapy), an educational program, and manual therapy. When identifying common emotional disorders and insomnia, their therapy is required. Kinesitherapy (therapeutic gymnastics) is the most effective direction in the treatment of chronic nonspecific lumbalgia; оf primary importance are the regularity of physical exercises under the supervision of a specialist, the exclusion of sudden and excessive movements. In combination with activities, regular walking is highly effective. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective psychological direction in the management of patients with chronic nonspecific lumbalgia. It should be aimed not only at pain, but also at those often found in chronic non-specific lumbalgia insomnia, depression, and anxiety disorders. In some patients with damage to the facet joints, the sacroiliac joint, radiofrequency denervation or therapeutic blockades with anesthetics and corticosteroids can be used. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used as medicines for chronic nonspecific lumbalgia, when prescribing them, it is necessary to take into account the presence and nature of risk factors for adverse events, concomitant diseases, interaction with other drugs The use of etoricoxib in chronic non-specific lumbalgia is discussed.

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Comparative Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Emotion Regulation, Positive and Negative Affection, Aggressive and Self-Harm Behaviors of 13-16-Year-Old Female Students

International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding ◽

10.18415/ijmmu.v7i9.1883 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Sara Ghorbani ◽

Alireza Salemi Kameneh ◽

Alireza Motahedy ◽

Zahra Alipour

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Behavior Therapy ◽

Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Female Students ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Self Harm

This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with dialectical behavior therapy on emotion regulation, positive and negative affection, aggressive and self-harm behaviors of 13 to 16-year-old female students. The results showed that both CBT and DBT have a significant effect on increasing emotional regulation and positive affect, and decreasing negative affect, reducing aggressive behavior and self-harm. Also there was no significant difference between two treatments in increasing the positive affection and decreasing negative affection, but the effect of DBT on increasing emotional regulation and reducing self-harm and aggressive behaviors was significantly more than CBT.

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