scholarly journals Leftover Spaces for the Mitigation of Urban Heat Island in Municipal Beirut

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushig Kaloustian ◽  
David Aouad ◽  
Gabriele Battista ◽  
Michele Zinzi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Neighborhood Scale

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is one of the more serious consequences of urbanization resulting in impacts on thermal comfort levels, heat stress, and even mortality. For Municipal Beirut, implementation of “cool” surface materials and green spaces have been recommended to counterbalance the UHI. This paper builds on previous findings on the topic of non-constructible parcels within the district of Bachoura in Municipal Beirut and examines the possibility of implementing “cool” surface or paving materials and urban vegetation which can improve thermal conditions especially during the summer period and with the viewto project the positive findings of this case study to the entire Municipal Beirut area. A numerical analysis using ENVI-met 4.0 investigates the thermal performance of these non-constructibles further to implementation of high reflective surfaces and urban vegetation within a broad neighborhood scale in Bachoura. Results show reductions in ambient temperatures up to 1K on a summer day.. Within the framework of an integrated approach to planning, this form of urban acupuncture aims for substantial UHI reduction. Energy performance of buildings further to implementation of these mitigation measures is also recommended for future studies and to validate the findings in this paper.

scholarly journals Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
V. R. Sankar Cheela ◽  
Michele John ◽  
Wahidul Biswas ◽  
Prabir Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Pavement Temperature ◽  
Reflective Coatings

Pavements occupy about 40% of urban land cover, with 75–80% black top roads, playing a critical role in urban connectivity and mobility. Solar energy is absorbed and stored in pavements leading to an increase in surface temperatures. Decreasing green cover is further contributing to rise in regional temperatures. Due to this activity, the city experiences urban heat island (UHI). This study presents a critical review of the literature on mitigation measures to combat UHI using reflective pavements with an emphasis on durability properties and impacts of tree canopy. The strategies with a focus on application of chip seals, white toppings, and coatings were discussed. Role of surface reflectance, including those from asphalt and concrete pavements, albedo improvements, and technological trends, application of waste materials, and industrial by‐products are presented. Also, urban tree shading systems’ contribution to pavement temperature and microclimate systems is presented. The review shows that the development of mitigation measures using tree shading systems can reduce the pavement temperature during daytime and increase human thermal comfort. The outcomes of this review provide a scope for future studies to develop sustainable and state‐of‐the-art engineering solutions in the field of reflective coatings and urban forest systems.

A Scaling Law for the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon: Deductions From Field Measurements and Comparisons With Existing Results From Laboratory Experiments

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina K.-A. Neophytou ◽  
Harindra J. S. Fernando ◽  
Ekaterina Batchvarova ◽  
Mats Sandberg ◽  
Jos Lelieveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

We report results from a multi-scale field experiment conducted in Cyprus in July 2010 in order to investigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Nicosia capital city and its interaction with multi-scale meteorological phenomena taking place in the broader region. Specifically, the results are analysed and interpreted in terms of a non-dimensional/scaling parameter dictating the urban heat island circulation reported from laboratory experiments (Fernando et al, 2010). We find that the field measurements obey the same scaling law during the day, in the absence of any other flow phenomena apart from the urban heating. During the night we find that the deduced non-dimensional value reduces to half (compared to that during the day); this is due to the presence of katabatic winds from Troodos mountains into the urban center of Nicosia and their cooling effect superimposed on diurnal urban heating. Based on this deduction, the impact of various proposed heat island mitigation measures in urban planning can be evaluated.

scholarly journals Secondary effects of urban heat island mitigation measures on air quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Fallmann ◽  
Renate Forkel ◽  
Stefan Emeis
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Urban Heat

scholarly journals Urban heat islands (UHI) mitigation in densely urban city of Tirana, Albania: Materials, energy, comfort

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokol Dervishi ◽  
Eltjona Lacaj ◽  
Regina Vathi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Urban Vegetation ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Urban Heat

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is considered as one of the major problems in the 21st century as a result of urbanization and industrialization of human civilization. The urban structures generate a large amount of heat from solar radiations and other sources (i.e. anthropogenic heat). This situation is even worse in cities with high density and large population and extensive economic activities, Tirana, a densely urbanized city, is seriously facing this problem. In this context, the present paper is a review article aiming to present the actual state of the art on the development and the assessment of potential benefits (i.e. materials with high solar reflectance, urban vegetation) as UHI mitigation strategies for buildings and urban structures in Tirana, Albania. The analysis shows that the limited urban vegetation and inner-city neighborhoods structures are those ones in which the hazard potential of the UHI effect is shown to be the greatest. These neighborhoods have limited open space for tree planting and green area and therefore a lower maximum potential benefit. During the warming of the climate these neighborhoods face the greater consequences due to interactions between the UHI effect and global climate change. The results show that implementations of different strategies of urban heat island (UHI) mitigation can reduce negative impacts of hazards in cities, including overheating due to elevated temperatures, air pollution and associated public health effects. Such strategies also can lower the demand for air-conditioning-related energy production; reduce the effects of urban heat island and ultimately living in a better environment.

scholarly journals Hacia un modelo dinámico para la isla de calor urbana de Madrid = Towards a Dynamic Model for the Urban Heat Island of Madrid.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Núñez Peiró ◽  
Emilia Román López ◽  
Carmen Sánchez-Guevara Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Javier Neila González
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Energy Simulations ◽  
The City

Resumen Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del proyecto MODIFICA (modelo predictivo - Edificios - Isla de Calor Urbano), financiado por el Programa de I + D + i Orientada a los Retos de la sociedad 'Retos Investigación' de 2013. Está dirigido a desarrollar un modelo predictivo de eficiencia energética para viviendas, bajo el efecto de isla de calor urbano (AUS) con el fin de ponerla en práctica en la evaluación de la demanda de energía real y el consumo en las viviendas. A pesar de los grandes avances que se han logrado durante los últimos años en el rendimiento energético de edificios, los archivos de tiempo utilizados en la construcción de simulaciones de energía se derivan generalmente de estaciones meteorológicas situadas en las afueras de la ciudad. Por lo tanto, el efecto de la Isla de Calor Urbano (ICU) no se considera en estos cálculos, lo que implica una importante falta de precisión. Centrado en explorar cómo incluir los fenómenos ICU, el presente trabajo recopila y analiza la dinámica por hora de la temperatura en diferentes lugares dentro de la ciudad de Madrid. Abstract This research is framed within the project MODIFICA (Predictive model - Buildings - Urban Heat Island), funded by Programa de I+D+i orientada a los retos de la sociedad 'Retos Investigación' 2013. It is aimed at developing a predictive model for dwelling energy performance under the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in order to implement it in the evaluation of real energy demand and consumption in dwellings. Despite great advances on building energy performance have been achieved during the last years, weather files used in building energy simulations are usually derived from weather stations placed in the outskirts of the city. Hence, Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is not considered in this calculations, which implies an important lack of accuracy. Focused on exploring how to include the UHI phenomena, the present paper compiles and analyses the hourly dynamics of temperature in different locations within the city of Madrid. 

scholarly journals Anthropogenic and natural drivers of a strong winter urban heat island in a typical Arctic city

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Varentsov ◽  
Pavel Konstantinov ◽  
Alexander Baklanov ◽  
Igor Esau ◽  
Victoria Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Urban Heat

Abstract. The Arctic has rapidly urbanized in recent decades with two million people currently living in more than a hundred cities north of 65° N. These cities have a harsh but sensitive climate and warming here is the principle driver of destructive thawing, water leakages, air pollution, and other detrimental environmental impacts. This study reports on the urban temperature anomaly in a typical Arctic city. This persistent warm anomaly reaches up to 11  K in winter with the wintertime mean urban temperature being on average 1.9 K higher in the city centre than in the surrounding natural landscape. An urban temperature anomaly, also known as an urban heat island (UHI), was found in remote sensing and in situ temperature data. High-resolution (1 km) model experiments run with and without an urban surface parametrization helped to identify the leading physical and geographical factors supporting a strong temperature anomaly in a cold climate. The statistical analysis and modelling suggest that direct anthropogenic heating contributes at least 50 % to the observed UHI intensity, and the rest is created by natural microclimatic variability over the undulating relief of the area. The current UHI effect can be as large as the projected, and already amplified, warming for the region in the 21st century. In contrast to earlier reports, this study found that the wintertime UHI in the Arctic should be largely attributed to direct anthropogenic heating. This is a strong argument in support of energy efficiency measures, urban climate change mitigation policy, and against high-density urban development in polar settlements. The complex pattern of thermal conditions, as revealed in this study, challenges urban planners to account for the observed micro-climatic diversity in perspective sustainable development solutions.

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