scholarly journals Gravity without Newton's Gravitational Constant and No Knowledge of Mass Size

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Einstein Gravity ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

In this paper we show that the Schwarzschild radius can be extracted easily from any gravitationally-linked phenomena without having knowledge of the Newton gravitational constant or the mass size of the gravitational object. Further, the Schwarzschild radius can be used to predict any gravity phenomena accurately, again without knowledge of the Newton gravitational constant and also without knowledge of the size of the mass, although this may seem surprising at first. Hidden within the Schwarzschild radius are the mass of the gravitational object, the Planck mass (their relative mass), and the Planck length. We do not claim to have all the answers, but this seems to indicate that gravity is quantized, even at a cosmological scale, and this quantization is directly linked to the Planck units. This also supports our view that the Newton gravitational constant is a universal composite constant of the form G = l p 2 c 3 ℏ , rather than relying on the Planck units as a function of G. This does not mean that Newton’s gravitational constant is not a universal constant, but that it is instead a composite universal constant that depends on the Planck length, the speed of light, and the Planck constant. Further, G × 1   weight  unit c 2 = G c 2 is the Schwarzschild radius off one weight unit. So G is only needed when we want to use gravity to find the weight of an object, such as weighing the Earth. This is, to our knowledge, the first paper that shows how a long series of major gravity predictions and measurements can be completed without any knowledge of the mass size of the object, or Newton’s gravitational constant. As a minimum we think it provides an interesting new angle for evaluating existing gravity theories, and it may even give us a small hint on how to combine quantum gravity with Newton and Einstein gravity.

scholarly journals Planck Mass Measured Totally Independent of Big G Utilizing McCulloch-HeisenbergNewtonian Equivalent Gravity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Fundamental Constant ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Planck Mass ◽  
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

In 2014, McCulloch showed, in a new and interesting way, how to derive a gravity theoryfrom Heisenberg's uncertainty principle that is equivalent to Newtonian gravity. McCulloch utilizesthe Planck mass in his derivation and obtains a gravitational constant of hbar*c/m_p^2. This is a composite constant, which is equivalent in value to Newton's gravitational constant. However, McCulloch has pointed out that his approach requires an assumption on the value of G, and that this involves some circular reasoning. This is in line with the view that the Planck mass is a derived constantfrom Newton's gravitational constant, while big G is a universal fundamental constant. Here we willshow that we can go straight from the McCulloch derivation to measuring the Planck mass withoutany knowledge of the gravitational constant. From this perspective, there are no circular problemswith his method. This means that we can measure the Planck mass without Newton's gravitationalconstant, and shows that the McCulloch derivation is a theory of quantum gravity that stands onits own. Even more importantly, we show that we can easily measure the Schwarzschild radius ofa mass without knowing its mass, or Newton's gravitational constant, or the Planck constant. Thevery essence of gravity is linked to the Planck length and the speed of light, but here we will claimthat we do not need to know the Planck length itself. Our conclusion is that Newton's gravitationalconstant is a universal constant, but it is a composite constant of the form G=l_p^2*c^3/hbar where thePlanck length and the speed of light are the keys to gravity. This could be an important step towards the development of a full theory of quantum gravity.

scholarly journals Planck Mass Measured Totally Independent of Big G Utilizing McCulloch-HeisenbergNewtonian Equivalent Gravity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Fundamental Constant ◽  
Universal Constant ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Planck Mass ◽  
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

In 2014, McCulloch showed, in a new and interesting way, how to derive a gravity theoryfrom Heisenberg's uncertainty principle that is equivalent to Newtonian gravity. McCulloch utilizesthe Planck mass in his derivation and obtains a gravitational constant of ~cm2p. This is a compositeconstant, which is equivalent in value to Newton's gravitational constant. However, McCulloch haspointed out that his approach requires an assumption on the value of G, and that this involvessome circular reasoning. This is in line with the view that the Planck mass is a derived constantfrom Newton's gravitational constant, while big G is a universal fundamental constant. Here we willshow that we can go straight from the McCulloch derivation to measuring the Planck mass withoutany knowledge of the gravitational constant. From this perspective, there are no circular problemswith his method. This means that we can measure the Planck mass without Newton's gravitationalconstant, and shows that the McCulloch derivation is a theory of quantum gravity that stands onits own. Even more importantly, we show that we can easily measure the Schwarzschild radius ofa mass without knowing its mass, or Newton's gravitational constant, or the Planck constant. Thevery essence of gravity is linked to the Planck length and the speed of light, but here we will claimthat we do not need to know the Planck length itself. Our conclusion is that Newton's gravitationalconstant is a universal constant, but it is a composite constant of the form G =l2pc3~ where thePlanck length and the speed of light are the keys to gravity. This could be an important steptowards the development of a full theory of quantum gravity.

scholarly journals Finding the Planck Length Independent of Newton's Gravitational Constant and the Planck Constant: The Compton Clock Model of Matter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Haug
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Clock Model ◽  
Modern Physics

In modern physics, it is assumed that the Planck length is a derived constant from Newton's gravitational constant, the Planck constant and the speed of light, $l_p=\sqrt{\frac{G\hbar}{c^3}}$. This was first discovered by Max Planck in 1899. We suggest a way to find the Planck length independent of any knowledge of Newton's gravitational constant or the Planck constant, but still dependent on the speed of light (directly or indirectly).

scholarly journals MOND and natural scales of distance and mass

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (37) ◽  
pp. 1950306
Author(s):  
Piotr Żenczykowski
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
System Of Units ◽  
Related Approach ◽  
The Universe

We describe a MOND-related approach to natural scales of distance and mass, viewing it as a logical step following Planck’s modification of the Stoney system of units. The MOND-induced scales are not based on the strength of any physical interaction (electromagnetic, gravitational, or otherwise). Instead, they are specified by three physical constants of a general nature that define the scales of action, speed, and acceleration, i.e. [Formula: see text] — the Planck constant, [Formula: see text] — the speed of light and [Formula: see text] — the MOND acceleration constant. When the gravitational constant [Formula: see text] is added, two further distance scales (apart from the size of the Universe) appear: the Planck scale and a nanometer scale that fits the typical borderline between the classical and the quantum descriptions.

scholarly journals Measurements of the Planck Length from a Ball Clock without Knowledge of Newton’s Gravitational Constant G or the Planck Constant

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Physics Teachers ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Plank Length ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

We demonstrate how one can extract the Planck length from ball with a built-in stopwatch without knowledge of the Newtonian gravitational constant or the Planck constant. This could be of great importance since until recently it has been assumed the Planck length not can be found without knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant. This method of measuring the Planck length should also be of great interest to not only physics researchers but also to physics teachers and students as it conveniently demonstrates that the Plank length is directly linked to gravitational phenomena, not only theoretically, but practically. To demonstrate that this is more than a theory we report 100 measurements of the Planck length using this simple approach. We will claim that, despite the mathematical and experimental simplicity, our findings could be of great importance in better understanding the Planck scale, as our findings strongly support the idea that to detect gravity is to detect the effects from the Planck scale indirectly.

scholarly journals Measurements of the Planck length from a Ball-Clock without Knowledge of Newton’s Gravitational Constant G or the Planck Constant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
espen haug
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Physics Teachers ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Plank Length ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

Abstract In this paper we show how one can extract the Planck length from ball with a built-in stopwatch with no knowledge of the Newtonian gravitational constant or the Planck constant. This is remarkable as until recently it has been assumed one cannot find the Planck length without knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant. This method of measuring the Planck length should also be of great interest to not only physics researchers but also to physics teachers and students as it conveniently demonstrates that the Plank length is directly linked to gravitational phenomena, not only theoretically, but practically. To demonstrate that this is more than a theory we report 100 measurements of the Planck length using this simple approach. We will claim that, despite the mathematical and experimental simplicity, our findings could be of great importance in better understanding the Planck scale, as our findings strongly support the idea that to detect gravity is to detect the e↵ects from the Planck scale indirectly.

scholarly journals ACTION-ANGLE VARIABLES FOR THE PARTICLE NEAR EXTREME KERR THROAT

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (32) ◽  
pp. 1250191 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFANO BELLUCCI ◽  
ARMEN NERSESSIAN ◽  
VAHAGN YEGHIKYAN
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Elliptic Integrals ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Elementary Functions ◽  
Spherical Part ◽  
Semiclassical Quantization ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

We construct the action-angle variables for the spherical part of conformal mechanics describing the motion of a particle near extreme Kerr throat. We indicate the existence of the critical point |pφ| = mc R Sch (with m being the mass of the particle, c denoting the speed of light, [Formula: see text] being the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole with mass M, and γ denoting the gravitational constant), where these variables are expressed in elementary functions. Out from this point the action-angle variables are defined by the elliptic integrals. The proposed formulation allows one to easily reconstruct the whole dynamics of the particle both in initial coordinates, as well as in the so-called conformal basis, where the Hamiltonian takes the form of conventional non-relativistic conformal mechanics. The related issues, such as semiclassical quantization and supersymmetrization are also discussed.

scholarly journals A New Mass Measure and a Simplication of Modern Physics that Make Gravity Predictions Independent of G

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Particle Accelerators ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Arbitrary Mass ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Important Exception

Recent experimental research has shown that mass is linked to Compton periodicity. We suggest a new way to look at mass: Namely that mass at its most fundamental level can simply be seen as reduced Compton frequency over the Planck time. In this way, surprisingly, neither the Planck constant nor Newton's gravitational constant are needed to observe the Planck length, nor in any type of calculation or gravitational predictions. The Planck constant is only needed when we want to convert back to the more traditional and we would say arbitrary mass measures such as kg. The theory gives the same predictions as Einstein's special relativity theory, with one very important exception: anything with mass must have a maximum velocity that is a function of the Planck length and the reduced Compton wavelength. For all observed subatomic particles, such as the electron, this velocity is considerably above what is achieved in particle accelerators, but always below the speed of light. This removes a series of infinity challenges in physics. The theory also offers a way to look at a new type of quantum probabilities. As we will show, a long series of equations become simplied in this way. Further Newton's gravitational constant G is clearly not needed for gravity calculations or predictions; it is the Planck length and the speed of light (gravity) that are essential for gravity, and both can be measured easily with no knowledge of G.

The photon element units and their relativistic properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Brian B. K. Min
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Electrical Charge ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Natural Basis ◽  
Mass Unit ◽  
Planck Mass ◽  
Time Length ◽  
Lorentz Invariants

A set of natural units is determined from the “photon element” model of light, the outcome of an extended Compton analysis. In terms of these units, the speed of light and the electrical and Boltzmann constants are, respectively, on the order of unity, but the Planck constant is ∼1027 or greater and gravitational constant ∼10−59 or greater. This makes the photon element units less convenient than the Planck units. With the mass unit that is only ∼10−43 of the Planck mass, however, the photon element units can correspond better to physical realities than the Planck units. For the spacetime, a photon element forms a set of unit base vectors, a natural basis that is Lorentz covariant. There an analysis shows that (1) of the above five universal constants all are Lorentz invariants except the gravitational constant, and (2) of the five natural units (time, length, mass, electrical charge, and temperature,) only the electrical charge is a Lorentz invariant.

scholarly journals Does Special Relativity Lead to a Trans-Planckian Crisis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Planck Length ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Planck Time

In gravity theory, there is a well-known trans-Planckian problem, which is that general relativity theory leads to a shorter than Planck length and shorter than Planck time in relation to so-called black holes. However, there has been little focus on the fact that special relativity also leads to a trans-Planckian problem, something we will demonstrate here. According to special relativity, an object with mass must move slower than light, but special relativity has no limits on how close to the speed of light something with mass can move. This leads to a scenario where objects can undergo so much length contraction that they will become shorter than the Planck length as measured from another frame, and we can also have shorter time intervals than the Planck time. The trans-Planckian problem is easily solved by a small modification that assumes Haug’s maximum velocity for matter is the ultimate speed limit for something with mass. This speed limit depends on the Planck length, which can be measured without any knowledge of Newton’s gravitational constant or the Planck constant.

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