The Wuhan Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of 2019-nCoV Virus

The current pneumonia epidemic in China could evolve into a pandemic on a global scale if not effectively contained. The 2019-nCoV possesses a 61-amino acid open reading frame resembling SARS-CoV virulence factor - ORF6 peptide. The isoleucine content is 15.9% in ORF6 of SARS-CoV versus 16.4% of that in 2019-nCoV. Given the proton affinity in the carbonyl oxygen in isoleucine, augmented proton traffic can enhance proton-ion antiport and prompt cell swelling. As the content of essential amino acids in the open reading frame of 2019-nCoV reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids and halts virion production, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of many viral infections. Plant-based diet or fasting/boiled rice water can also minimize the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids respectively. Calorie restriction has been confirmed in animal studies to extend lifespan, and its underlying mechanism is not fully known. Furthermore, several proteins of 2019-nCoV possess high valine plus glycine content, which is implicated in heart disease.

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The Wuhan Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of COVID-19 Virus

10.20944/preprints202002.0289.v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yulin Wan ◽

Sirui Yan ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Shanshan An ◽

Kaiqiao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Global Scale ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Cell Swelling ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Short Period

The current pneumonia epidemic in China could evolve into a pandemic on a global scale if not effectively contained. The SARS-CoV-2 possesses a 61-amino acid open reading frame resembling SARS-CoV virulence factor - ORF6 peptide. The isoleucine content is 15.9% in ORF6 of SARS-CoV versus 16.4% of that in SARS-CoV-2. Given the proton affinity in the carbonyl oxygen in isoleucine, augmented proton traffic can enhance proton-ion antiport and prompt cell swelling. Calorie restriction has been confirmed in animal studies to extend lifespan, and its underlying mechanism is not fully known. As the content of essential amino acids in the open reading frame of SARS-CoV-2 reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids and halts virion production, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of many viral infections. Plant-based diet or fasting/boiled rice water can also minimize the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids respectively. Furthermore, several proteins of SARS-CoV-2 possess high valine plus glycine content which is implicated in heart disease, justifying the aforementioned approaches.

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The Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of COVID-19 Virus

10.20944/preprints202002.0289.v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yulin Wan ◽

Sirui Yan ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Shanshan An ◽

Kaiqiao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Global Scale ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Cell Swelling ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Short Period

The current pneumonia epidemic could evolve into a pandemic on a global scale if not effectively contained. The COVID-19 possesses a 61-amino acid open reading frame resembling SARS-CoV virulence factor - ORF6 peptide. The isoleucine content is 15.9% in ORF6 of SARS-CoV versus 16.4% of that in COVID-19. Given the proton affinity in the carbonyl oxygen in isoleucine, augmented proton traffic can enhance proton-ion antiport and prompt cell swelling. Calorie restriction has been confirmed in animal studies to extend lifespan, and its underlying mechanism is not fully known. As the content of essential amino acids in the open reading frame of COVID-19 reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids and halts virion production, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of many viral infections. Plant-based diet or fasting/boiled rice water can also minimize the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids respectively. Furthermore, several proteins of COVID-19 possess high valine plus glycine content which is implicated in heart disease, justifying the aforementioned approaches.

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The Pneumonia Outbreak: High Isoleucine and High Valine Plus Glycine Contents Are Features of the Proteins of COVID-19 Virus

10.20944/preprints202002.0289.v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yulin Wan ◽

Sirui Yan ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Shanshan An ◽

Kaiqiao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Global Scale ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Cell Swelling ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Short Period

The current pneumonia epidemic could evolve into a pandemic on a global scale if not effectively contained. The COVID-19 virus possesses a 61-amino acid open reading frame resembling SARS-CoV virulence factor - ORF6 peptide. The isoleucine content is 15.9% in ORF6 of SARS-CoV versus 16.4% of that in SARS-CoV-2. Given the proton affinity in the carbonyl oxygen in isoleucine, augmented proton traffic can enhance proton-ion antiport and prompt cell swelling. Calorie restriction has been confirmed in animal studies to extend lifespan, and its underlying mechanism is not fully known. As the content of essential amino acids in the open reading frame of SARS-CoV-2 reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids and halts virion production, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of many viral infections. Plant-based diet or fasting/boiled rice water can also minimize the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids respectively. Furthermore, several proteins of SARS-CoV-2 possess high valine plus glycine content which is implicated in heart disease, justifying the aforementioned approaches.

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The Wuhan Pneumonia outbreak: 2019-nCoV virus possesses an open reading frame similar to SARS-CoV ORF6 protein

10.31232/osf.io/zxh2b ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sirui Yan ◽

Yulin Wan ◽

Ying Zhang ◽

Shanshan An ◽

YANG Kai-qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Global Scale ◽

Carbonyl Oxygen ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Cell Swelling ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Short Period ◽

Rice Water

The current pneumonia epidemic in China could evolve into a pandemic on a global scale if not effectively contained. The 2019-nCoV possesses a 61-amino acid open reading frame resembling SARS-CoV virulence factor - ORF6 peptide. The isoleucine content is 15.9% in ORF6 of SARS-CoV versus 16.4% of that in 2019-nCoV. Given the proton affinity in the carbonyl oxygen in isoleucine, augmented proton traffic can enhance proton-ion antiport and prompt cell swelling. As the content of essential amino acids in the open reading frame of 2019-nCoV reaches 57.4%, a starch/vitamin diet served for short period of time does not give rise to essential amino acids and halts virion production, which could be adopted as prophylactic approach of many viral infections. Plant-based diet or fasting/boiled rice water can also minimize the intake of essential amino acids or all amino acids respectively.

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Sequence and structure of mtr, an amino acid transport gene of Neurospora crassa

Genome ◽

10.1139/g91-098 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 644-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kenneth Koo ◽

W. Dorsey Stuart

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Neurospora Crassa ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Signal Sequence ◽

Average Length ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Mrna Transcript ◽

S1 Nuclease ◽

Reading Frame

The gene product of the mtr locus of Neurospora crassa is required for the transport of neutral aliphatic and aromatic amino acids via the N system. We have previously cloned three cosmids containing Neurospora DNA that complement the mtr-6(r) mutant allele. The cloned DNAs were tightly linked to restriction fragment length polymorphisms that flank the mtr locus. A 2.9-kbp fragment from one cosmid was subcloned and found to complement the mtr-6(r) allele. Here we report the sequence of the fragment that hybridized to a poly(A)+ mRNA transcript of about 2300 nucleotides. We have identified an 845-bp open reading frame (ORF) having a 59-bp intron as the potential mtr ORF. S1 nuclease analysis of the transcript confirmed the transcript size and the presence of the intron. A second open reading frame was found upstream in the same reading frame as the mtr ORF and appears to be present in the mRNA transcript. The mtr ORF is predicted to encode a 261 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 28 613 Da. The proposed polypeptide exhibits six potential α-helical transmembrane domains with an average length of 23 amino acids, does not have a signal sequence, and contains amino acid sequence homologous to an RNA binding motif.Key words: sequence, membranes, ribonucleoprotein.

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Sequence and expression of the dCMP deaminase gene (DCD1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.6.5.1711-1721.1986 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1711-1721

Author(s):

E M McIntosh ◽

R H Haynes

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Northern Analysis ◽

Hindiii Site ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Hindiii Restriction Site ◽

Cycle Dependent

The dCMP deaminase gene (DCD1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been isolated by screening a Sau3A clone bank for complementation of the dUMP auxotrophy exhibited by dcd1 dmp1 haploids. Plasmid pDC3, containing a 7-kilobase (kb) Sau3A insert, restores dCMP deaminase activity to dcd1 mutants and leads to an average 17.5-fold overproduction of the enzyme in wild-type cells. The complementing activity of the plasmid was localized to a 4.2-kb PvuII restriction fragment within the Sau3A insert. Subcloning experiments demonstrated that a single HindIII restriction site within this fragment lies within the DCD1 gene. Subsequent DNA sequence analysis revealed a 936-nucleotide open reading frame encompassing this HindIII site. Disruption of the open reading frame by integrative transformation led to a loss of enzyme activity and confirmed that this region constitutes the dCMP deaminase gene. Northern analysis indicated that the DCD1 mRNA is a 1.15-kb poly(A)+ transcript. The 5' end of the transcript was mapped by primer extension and appears to exhibit heterogeneous termini. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the T2 bacteriophage dCMP deaminase with that deduced for the yeast enzyme revealed a limited degree of homology which extends over the entire length of the phage polypeptide (188 amino acids) but is confined to the carboxy-terminal half of the yeast protein (312 amino acids). A potential dTTP-binding site in the yeast and phage enzymes was identified by comparison of homologous regions with the amino acid sequences of a variety of other dTTP-binding enzymes. Despite the role of dCMP deaminase in dTTP biosynthesis, Northern analysis revealed that the DCD1 gene is not subject to the same cell cycle-dependent pattern of transcription recently found for the yeast thymidylate synthetase gene (TMP1).

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Cloning, Nucleotide Sequence, and Expression of the Gene Encoding the Bacteriocin Boticin B from Clostridium botulinum Strain 213B

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.66.12.5480-5483.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 5480-5483 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sean S. Dineen ◽

Marite Bradshaw ◽

Eric A. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Shuttle Vector ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Group I

ABSTRACT Boticin B is a heat-stable bacteriocin produced byClostridium botulinum strain 213B that has inhibitory activity against various strains of C. botulinum and related clostridia. The gene encoding the bacteriocin was localized to a 3.0-kb HindIII fragment of an 18.8-kb plasmid, cloned, and sequenced. DNA sequencing revealed the boticin B structural gene,btcB, to be an open reading frame encoding 50 amino acids. A C. botulinum strain 62A transconjugant containing theHindIII fragment inserted into a clostridial shuttle vector expressed boticin B, although at much lower levels than those observed in C. botulinum 213B. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration and characterization of a bacteriocin from toxigenic group I C. botulinum.

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Pax-6, a murine paired box gene, is expressed in the developing CNS

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.113.4.1435 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 1435-1449 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

C. Walther ◽

P. Gruss

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Multigene Family ◽

Ventricular Zone ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Cdna Clones ◽

Coding Region ◽

Paired Domain ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Pax Genes

A multigene family of paired-box-containing genes (Pax genes) has been identified in the mouse. In this report, we describe the expression pattern of Pax-6 during embryogenesis and the isolation of cDNA clones spanning the entire coding region. The Pax-6 protein consists of 422 amino acids as deduced from the longest open reading frame and contains, in addition to the paired domain, a paired-type homeodomain. Beginning with day 8 of gestation, Pax-6 is expressed in discrete regions of the forebrain and the hindbrain. In the neural tube, expression is mainly confined to mitotic active cells in the ventral ventricular zone along the entire anteroposterior axis starting at day 8.5 of development. Pax-6 is also expressed in the developing eye, the pituitary and the nasal epithelium.

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Quasispecies of TT Virus (TTV) with Sequence Divergence in Hypervariable Regions of the Capsid Protein in Chronic TTV Infection

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.73.11.9604-9608.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 9604-9608 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Tsutomu Nishizawa ◽

Hiroaki Okamoto ◽

Fumio Tsuda ◽

Tatsuya Aikawa ◽

Yoshiki Sugai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Capsid Protein ◽

Immune Surveillance ◽

Sequence Divergence ◽

Open Reading Frame ◽

Amino Acid Substitutions ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Tt Virus ◽

Hypervariable Regions ◽

Open Reading Frame 1

ABSTRACT Three hypervariable regions were identified in a central portion of open reading frame 1 of TT virus DNA, which codes for a putative capsid protein of 770 amino acids. TT virus circulates as quasispecies, with many amino acid substitutions in hypervariable regions, to evade immune surveillance of the hosts and to establish a persistent infection.

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