scholarly journals Catalogue of Pests and Pathogens of Trees on the Island of Ireland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O'Hanlon ◽  
Cathal Ryan ◽  
James Choiseul ◽  
Archie K. Murchie ◽  
Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Native Invasive ◽  
Research And Policy

Trees provide key ecosystem services, but the health and sustainability of these plants is under increasing biotic and abiotic threat, including from the growing incidences of non-native invasive plant pests (including pathogens). The island of Ireland (Ireland and Northern Ireland) is generally accepted to have a high plant health status, in part due to its island status and because of the national and international regulations aimed at protecting plant health. To establish a baseline of the current pest threats to tree health for the island of Ireland, the literature and unpublished sources were reviewed to produce a dataset of pests of trees on the island of Ireland. The dataset contains 396 records of pests of trees on the island of Ireland, the majority of pests being arthropods and fungi, and indicating potentially more than 44 non-native pest introductions. The reliability of many (378) of the records was judged to be high, therefore the dataset provides a robust assessment of the state of pests of trees recorded on the island of Ireland. We analyse this dataset and review the history of plant pest invasions, including (i) discussion on notable native and non-native pests of trees, (ii) pest interceptions at borders and (iii) pests and climate change. The dataset establishes an important baseline for the knowledge of plant pests on the island of Ireland, and will be a valuable resource for future plant health research and policy making.

scholarly journals Implementation of the GB Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy 2014–2019 with foresight on a new strategy for 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
World Class ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Forestry Products

Plants have an essential role in addressing the great social and environmental challenges of our time. However, the risk from invasive plant pests and pathogens is also significant and constantly growing as a result of increasing globalisation and environmental change. The UK’s plant health regime aims to manage that risk to protect the enormous value of plants and trees; from the value of crops and forestry products to ecosystem services and societal benefits. The implementation of the Great Britain Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy 2014–2019 is described, including the risk-based approach to protecting the plants and trees, and the approaches being taken to manage different kinds of risks, including import controls, management of threats once established, preparedness, utilising citizen science and awareness raising. Looking ahead, there is foresight on a new strategy for 2020 including building a world-class biosecurity regime, which delivers a step change in plant health protections, allows our plant-based industries to thrive and acknowledges the value that healthy plants contribute to society and the environment. International Year of Plant Health 2020 provides a unique opportunity to raise the profile of plant health globally.

scholarly journals The International Plant Sentinel Network: an update on phase 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Kate Marfleet ◽  
Suzanne Sharrock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
International Plant

Invasive plant pests and pathogens pose a considerable threat to plant health worldwide. With increasing globalisation of trade in plants and plant material, and the effects of climate change, this threat is predicted to continue to rise. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of these harmful invasive organisms which cause large-scale environmental and economic damage. A significant issue in managing this threat is predicting which organisms will pose a threat in the future. Sentinel plants are individuals found outside their native ranges that can be surveyed for damage by organisms they would not otherwise encounter. Monitoring plant sentinels can build knowledge and understanding of pest/host relationships to support the development of management plans and risk assessments. Botanic gardens and arboreta, whose collections are estimated to include 30–40 per cent of all known plant species, many of which are exotic, are unique and under-utilised resources that can support sentinel research. The International Plant Sentinel Network (IPSN) consists of botanic gardens and arboreta, National Plant Protection Organisations (NPPOs) and plant health scientists who collaborate to provide an early-warning system for new and emerging plant pests and pathogens. Members provide scientific evidence to NPPOs to inform plant health activities and thus help safeguard susceptible plant species. In the UK, the IPSN conducts research activities prioritised by a Research and Development committee and preliminary findings of recent research activities are outlined in this paper. The IPSN also focuses on increasing knowledge and awareness, seeking best practice, developing standardisedapproaches and providing training materials and methodologies for monitoring and surveying to enable gardens to contribute to sentinel research. Through multi-disciplinary collaboration and information sharing the IPSN aims to reduce the risk that alien invasive pests and pathogens pose to global plant health.

The COLREGS and the Princess Alice

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kemp
Keyword(s):  
International Regulations ◽  
Henry Ford ◽  
History Of

There is currently considerable interest in the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (the COLREGS). Suggestions for changes are made, but their validity is difficult to assess because there is little possibility of testing new proposals before they are introduced. There is, however, the possibility of considering the history of the COLREGS, and their effectiveness, as they have evolved over the years. In this paper, the author's aim is to look at the lessons that may be learned from one, particularly tragic, collision between the Princess Alice and the Bywell Castle in 1878. Opinions differ as to whether a study of history is likely to be a useful exercise.History is more or less bunk – Henry Ford (American Industrialist)The only way forwards is backwards – Boris Johnson (British Politician)

Agricultural Policy Networks of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Collins
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
European Literature ◽  
The Republic

This paper provides an analytical framework within which to understand the contrasting way farmers' interests are aggregated and articulated in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The analysis draws on the dominant European literature on state-farmer relations which emphasizes the role of policy networks and explores whether the concepts of pluralism or corporatism best characterize policy making in the two states.

UK-wide health policy under the Coalition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Social Care ◽  
The Other ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Health Reforms ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Health And Social Care

A volume on health reforms under the Coalition must necessarily expand its focus beyond Westminster to consider the larger UK policy context. Legislation enacted in 1998 established devolved assemblies in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland with power to make law or issue executive orders in certain specified areas, including health services. This meant that an English NHS overseen by the Westminster Parliament now existed alongside separate NHS systems accountable to devolved governments in the other UK countries. Thus, the major Coalition health reforms heralded by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 applied in the main to England only. However, devolved administrations needed to formulate appropriate policy responses that either maintained differences or moved closer to the English policies. This chapter describes the divergent approaches between the four UK NHS systems, but also sheds light on the nature of coalition policy making.

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