scholarly journals The International Plant Sentinel Network: an update on phase 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Kate Marfleet ◽  
Suzanne Sharrock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
International Plant

Invasive plant pests and pathogens pose a considerable threat to plant health worldwide. With increasing globalisation of trade in plants and plant material, and the effects of climate change, this threat is predicted to continue to rise. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of these harmful invasive organisms which cause large-scale environmental and economic damage. A significant issue in managing this threat is predicting which organisms will pose a threat in the future. Sentinel plants are individuals found outside their native ranges that can be surveyed for damage by organisms they would not otherwise encounter. Monitoring plant sentinels can build knowledge and understanding of pest/host relationships to support the development of management plans and risk assessments. Botanic gardens and arboreta, whose collections are estimated to include 30–40 per cent of all known plant species, many of which are exotic, are unique and under-utilised resources that can support sentinel research. The International Plant Sentinel Network (IPSN) consists of botanic gardens and arboreta, National Plant Protection Organisations (NPPOs) and plant health scientists who collaborate to provide an early-warning system for new and emerging plant pests and pathogens. Members provide scientific evidence to NPPOs to inform plant health activities and thus help safeguard susceptible plant species. In the UK, the IPSN conducts research activities prioritised by a Research and Development committee and preliminary findings of recent research activities are outlined in this paper. The IPSN also focuses on increasing knowledge and awareness, seeking best practice, developing standardisedapproaches and providing training materials and methodologies for monitoring and surveying to enable gardens to contribute to sentinel research. Through multi-disciplinary collaboration and information sharing the IPSN aims to reduce the risk that alien invasive pests and pathogens pose to global plant health.

scholarly journals An International Plant Sentinel Network

2015 ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Ellie Barham ◽  
Suzanne Sharrock ◽  
Charles Lane ◽  
Richard Baker
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Collections ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
And Control ◽  
International Plant

Invasive plant pests and pathogens pose a major threat to biodiversity around the world, amplified in recent years by the globalisation of trade in plants and plant material and the impacts of climate change. Botanic gardens and arboreta offer a unique opportunity for the identification and further investigation of new and emerging pest and pathogen risks, which can provide valuable information for the creation of prevention, eradication and control programmes. The International Plant Sentinel Network (IPSN) is being developed to provide a platform for coordination, information exchange and support for sentinel plant research within botanic gardens and arboreta. Alongside IPSN Member Gardens, the network includes plant protection professionals and National Plant Protection Organisations (NPPOs) from around the world. The IPSN provides tools which will help to enable gardens to contribute to research by increasing knowledge and awareness among garden staff, developing standardised approaches and providing training materials and methodologies for monitoring and surveying. The network also promotes links with local professional diagnostic support that can help aid the early detection and rapid response to new pest incursions, thus protecting valuable, and often unique, plant collections.

scholarly journals Plant Protection and Quarantine: Helping U.S. Agriculture Thrive--Across the Country and Around the World, 2016 Annual Report

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
The World

For Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) and our partners, 2016 was a year of remarkable successes. Not only did we eradicate 10 fruit fly outbreaks, but we also achieved 4 years with zero detections of pink bollworm, moving us one step closer to eradicating this pest from all commercial cotton-growing areas of the continental United States. And when the U.S. corn industry faced the first-ever detection of bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas vasicular pv vasculorum), we devised a practical and scientific approach to manage the disease and protect valuable export markets. Our most significant domestic accomplishment this year, however, was achieving one of our agency’s top 10 goals: eliminating the European grapevine moth (EGVM) from the United States. On the world stage, PPQ helped U.S. agriculture thrive in the global market-place. We worked closely with our international trading partners to develop and promote science-based standards, helping to create a safe, fair, and predictable agricultural trade system that minimizes the spread of invasive plant pests and diseases. We reached critical plant health agreements and resolved plant health barriers to trade, which sustained and expanded U.S. export markets valued at more than $4 billion. And, we helped U.S. producers meet foreign market access requirements and certified the health of more than 650,000 exports, securing economic opportunities for U.S. products abroad. These successes underscore how PPQ is working every day to keep U.S. agriculture healthy and profitable.

scholarly journals Catalogue of Pests and Pathogens of Trees on the Island of Ireland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O'Hanlon ◽  
Cathal Ryan ◽  
James Choiseul ◽  
Archie K. Murchie ◽  
Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Native Invasive ◽  
Research And Policy

Trees provide key ecosystem services, but the health and sustainability of these plants is under increasing biotic and abiotic threat, including from the growing incidences of non-native invasive plant pests (including pathogens). The island of Ireland (Ireland and Northern Ireland) is generally accepted to have a high plant health status, in part due to its island status and because of the national and international regulations aimed at protecting plant health. To establish a baseline of the current pest threats to tree health for the island of Ireland, the literature and unpublished sources were reviewed to produce a dataset of pests of trees on the island of Ireland. The dataset contains 396 records of pests of trees on the island of Ireland, the majority of pests being arthropods and fungi, and indicating potentially more than 44 non-native pest introductions. The reliability of many (378) of the records was judged to be high, therefore the dataset provides a robust assessment of the state of pests of trees recorded on the island of Ireland. We analyse this dataset and review the history of plant pest invasions, including (i) discussion on notable native and non-native pests of trees, (ii) pest interceptions at borders and (iii) pests and climate change. The dataset establishes an important baseline for the knowledge of plant pests on the island of Ireland, and will be a valuable resource for future plant health research and policy making.

The emergence of prioritisation systems to inform plant health biosecurity policy decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Simon Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
Share Information ◽  
Plant Biosecurity

The management of risk is fundamental to biosecurity. Potential pest risks must be recognised early, with appropriate measures taken to prevent or reduce the potential damage a non-native species can cause. Risk registers are a recognised tool to support risk management, especially in project management or governance of corporate risk. The use of risk registers and risk prioritisation systems in the plant health biosecurity sphere has emerged in recent years driven by the recognition that resources to assess pest risks in detail are scarce, and biosecurity actions need to be targeted and prioritised. Individual national plant protection organisations have consequently developed a variety of tools that prioritise and rank plant pests, typically taking likelihood of pest entry, establishment, spread and impact into account. They use expert opinion to give scores to risk elements within a framework of multi-criteria decision analysis to rank pests based on the prioritisation aims of users. Knowing that biosecurity extends beyond national borders we recognise that such systems would add value to global efforts to detect and share information on emerging pests to better target actions against pests to protect plant biosecurity.

scholarly journals Implementation of the GB Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy 2014–2019 with foresight on a new strategy for 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
World Class ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Forestry Products

Plants have an essential role in addressing the great social and environmental challenges of our time. However, the risk from invasive plant pests and pathogens is also significant and constantly growing as a result of increasing globalisation and environmental change. The UK’s plant health regime aims to manage that risk to protect the enormous value of plants and trees; from the value of crops and forestry products to ecosystem services and societal benefits. The implementation of the Great Britain Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy 2014–2019 is described, including the risk-based approach to protecting the plants and trees, and the approaches being taken to manage different kinds of risks, including import controls, management of threats once established, preparedness, utilising citizen science and awareness raising. Looking ahead, there is foresight on a new strategy for 2020 including building a world-class biosecurity regime, which delivers a step change in plant health protections, allows our plant-based industries to thrive and acknowledges the value that healthy plants contribute to society and the environment. International Year of Plant Health 2020 provides a unique opportunity to raise the profile of plant health globally.

scholarly journals Future distribution of invasive weed species across the major road network in the state of Montana, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Adhikari ◽  
Lisa J. Rew ◽  
Kumar P. Mainali ◽  
Subodh Adhikari ◽  
Bruce D. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed

Abstract Invasive plant species are a significant global problem, with the potential to alter structure and function of ecosystems and cause economic damage to managed landscapes. An effective course of action to reduce the spread of invasive plant species is to identify potential habitat incorporating changing climate scenarios. In this study, we used a suite of species distribution models (SDMs) to project habitat suitability of the eleven most abundant invasive weed species across road networks of Montana, USA, under current (2005) conditions and future (2040) projected climates. We found high agreement between different model predictions for most species. Among the environmental predictors, February minimum temperature, monthly precipitation, solar radiation, and December vapor pressure deficit accounted for the most variation in projecting habitat suitability for most of the invasive weed species. The model projected that habitat suitability along roadsides would expand for seven species ranging from + 5 to + 647% and decline for four species ranging from − 11 to − 88% under high representative concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) greenhouse gas (GHG) trajectory. When compared with current distribution, the ensemble model projected the highest expansion habitat suitability with six-fold increase for St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), whereas habitat suitability of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) was reduced by − 88%. Our study highlights the roadside areas that are currently most invaded by our eleven target species across 55 counties of Montana, and how this will change with climate. We conclude that the projected range shift of invasive weeds challenges the status quo, and requires greater investment in detection and monitoring to prevent expansion. Though our study focuses across road networks of a specific region, we expect our approach will be globally applicable as the predictions reflect fundamental ecological processes.

The International Plant Sentinel Network: a tool for Regional and National Plant Protection Organizations

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barham ◽  
S. Sharrock ◽  
C. Lane ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
International Plant

scholarly journals Plant Health and How it Affects Private Gardens: Experience from a Botanic Garden Pathologist

2005 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Stephan Helfer
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests

Like many other botanic gardens the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) provides advice about plant pests and diseases to amateur gardeners. This paper summarises the main problem plant categories (such as trees and vegetables), plant problems (such as pests or fungal infection) and other observations, such as number of enquiries by month noted by pathology staff at the Garden over the last twenty years.

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