scholarly journals Horizon Radius of Spacetime Curvature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Fadhli
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Horizon Radius ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
The Universe

The necessity of the dark energy and dark matter in the present universe could be a consequence of the antimatter elimination assumption in the early universe. In this research, I derive a new model to obtain the potential cosmic topology and the horizon radius of spacetime curvature utilising a new construal of the geometry of space inspired by large-angle correlations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). I utilise the Big Bounce theory to tune the initial conditions of the curvature density, and to avoid the Big Bang singularity and inflationary constraints. The mathematical derivation of a positively curved universe governed by only gravity revealed horizon solutions. Although the positive horizon is conventionally associated with the evolution of the matter universe, the negative horizon solution could imply additional evolution in the opposite direction. This possibly suggests that the matter and antimatter could be evolving in opposite directions as distinct sides of the universe such as visualised Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data. Using this model, we found a decelerated stage of expansion during the first 10 Gyr, which is followed by a second stage of accelerated expansion; potentially matching the tension in Hubble parameter measurements. In addition, the model predicts a final time-reversal stage of spatial contraction leading to the Big Crunch of a cyclic universe. The predicted density is 1.14. Other predictions are (1) a calculable flow rate of the matter side towards the antimatter side at the accelerated stage; conceivably explaining the dark flow observation, (2) a time-dependent spacetime curvature over horizon evolution, which could influence the galactic rotational speed; possibly explaining the high speed of stars, and (3) evolvable spacetime internal voids at the accelerated stage, which could contribute in continuously increasing the matter and antimatter densities elsewhere in both sides respectively. These findings may indicate the existence of the antimatter as a distinct side, which influences the evolution of the universe instead of the dark energy or dark matter.

scholarly journals Dual Cosmic Horizon Radius of Spacetime Curvature of a Multi-Path Connected Cosmic Topology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed B. Al-Fadhli
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Horizon Radius ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
The Universe

The necessity of the dark energy and dark matter in the present universe could be a consequence of the antimatter elimination assumption in the early universe. In this research, I derive a new model to obtain the cosmic horizon radius and the potential cosmic topology utilising a new construal of space geometry inspired by large-angle correlations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). A version of the Big Bounce theory is utilised to avoid the Big Bang singularity and inflationary constraints, and to tune the initial conditions of the curvature density. The mathematical derivation of a positively curved universe governed by only gravity revealed two cosmic horizon solutions. Although the positive horizon is conventionally associated with the evolution of the matter universe, the negative horizon solution could imply additional evolution in the opposite direction. This possibly suggests that the matter and antimatter could be evolving in opposite directions as distinct sides of the universe, as in the visualised Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The cosmic horizon radius is found to be accountable for the universal space curvature. By implementing this model, we find a decelerated stage of expansion during the first 10 Gyr, which is followed by a second stage of an accelerated expansion; potentially matching the tension in Hubble parameter measurements. In addition, the model predicts a final time-reversal stage of spatial contraction leading to the Big Crunch of a cyclic universe. The predicted density is 1.14. Other predictions are (1) a calculable flow rate of the matter side towards the antimatter side at the accelerated stage; conceivably explaining the dark flow observation, (2) a time-dependent spacetime curvature over horizon evolution, which could influence the galactic rotational speed; possibly explaining the high speed of stars, and (3) evolvable spacetime internal voids at the accelerated stage, which could contribute in continuously increasing the matter and antimatter densities elsewhere in both sides respectively. These findings may indicate the existence of the antimatter as a distinct side, which influences the evolution of the universe instead of the dark energy or dark matter.

scholarly journals Dual Cosmic Horizon Radius of Spacetime Curvature of a Multi-Path Connected Cosmic Topology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed B. Al-Fadhli
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Horizon Radius ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
The Universe

The necessity of the dark energy and dark matter in the present universe could be a consequence of the antimatter elimination assumption in the early universe. In this research, I derive a new model to obtain the potential cosmic topology and the cosmic horizon radius of spacetime curvature utilising new construal of space geometry inspired by large-angle correlations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). I utilise a modified version of the Big Bounce theory to avoid the Big Bang singularity and inflationary constraints, and to tune the initial conditions of the curvature density. The mathematical derivation of a positively curved universe governed by only gravity revealed two cosmic horizon solutions. Although the positive horizon is conventionally associated with the evolution of the matter universe, the negative horizon solution could imply additional evolution in the opposite direction. This possibly suggests that the matter and antimatter could be evolving in opposite directions as distinct sides of the universe, such in the visualised Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The span of the derived cosmic horizon radius could account for the farthest observed objects. By implementing this model, we found a decelerated stage of expansion during the first 10 Gyr, which is followed by a second stage of accelerated expansion; potentially matching the tension in Hubble parameter measurements. In addition, the model predicts a final time-reversal stage of spatial contraction leading to the Big Crunch of a cyclic universe. The predicted density is 1.14>1. Other predictions are (1) a calculable flow rate of the matter side towards the antimatter side at the accelerated stage; conceivably explaining the dark flow observation, (2) a time-dependent spacetime curvature over horizon evolution, which could influence the galactic rotational speed; possibly explaining the high speed of stars, and (3) evolvable spacetime internal voids at the accelerated stage, which could contribute in continuously increasing the matter and antimatter densities elsewhere in both sides respectively. These findings may indicate the existence of the antimatter as a distinct side, which influences the evolution of the universe instead of the dark energy or dark matter.

scholarly journals Quantum Space and the Evolution of the Dark Universe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Melendres
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
State Parameter ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Quantum Space ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

We present a model of space that considers it to be a quantized dynamical entity which is a component of the universe along with matter and radiation. The theory is used together with  thermodynamic data  to provide a new view of cosmic  evolution  and an insight into the nature of dark energy and dark matter.           Space is made up of energy quanta. The universe started from an atomic size volume at very high  temperature and pressure near the Planck epoch. Upon expansion  and  cooling, phase transitions occurred  resulting in the formation of radiation,  fundamental particles, and matter. These  nucleate and grow into stars, galaxies, and clusters. From a phase diagram of cosmic  composition,  we  obtained  a correlation between   dark energy  and the energy of space. Using  the Friedmann  equations, data from WMAP studies of  the composition of the universe  at 3.0 x 105 (a=5.25 x 10-2) years  and at present (a=1), are well fitted by our  model with an equation of state parameter, w= -0.7.  The accelerated expansion of the universe, starting at about 7  billion years, determined by  BOSS measurements,  also correlates well with the dominance of dark energy  at 7.25 x 109 years ( a= 0.65). The expansion  can be  attributed to Quintessence with a  space force  arising from a quantum space field.  From our phase diagram, we also find a correlation suggesting  that  dark matter is a plasma form of matter similar to that  which existed during the photon epoch  immediately prior to recombination.         Our Quantum Space  Model leads to a  universe which  is  homogeneous and isotropic without the need for inflation. The thermodynamics of expansion is consistent with  BOSS data  that  show the process  to be  adiabatic and the rate of expansion  decelerating  during  the first  6  billion years after the Big Bang.  However, it  became non-adiabatic and accelerating thereafter. This  implies  an influx  of energy from a source outside the universe; it warrants consideration as a possible factor  in  the accelerated expansion of the universe.  

The Big Bang hyperbolic universe neither needs inflation nor dark matter and dark energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-429
Author(s):  
Salah A. Mabkhout
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Hyperbolic Space ◽  
Negative Curvature ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Dark Matter Halo ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
The Universe

Although the perspective for nearby objects in hyperbolic space is very nearly identical to Euclidean space (i.e., the universe locally is approximately flat consistent with local observations), the apparent angular size of distant objects falls off much more rapidly, in fact exponentially. The universe is globally hyperbolic as we did prove mathematically [S. A. Mabkhout, Phys. Essays 25, 112 (2012)]. Such a solution predicts the equation of state of cosmology <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> . The hyperbolic structure of the space causes the accelerated expansion of the universe equivalent to its negative pressure, without need for dark energy. The dark matter halo is nothing but instead of it we have a cell of same hyperbolic negative curvature as the negative curvature of the whole hyperbolic universe. The Virial theorem <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> does no longer hold for non-Euclidean space. We developed the equation of motion in the hyperbolic space-time <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:math> that describes the speed up motion in the hyperbolic space-time and predicts the flat curve. Galaxies farthest away from the center are moving fastest until they have reached a large distance from the center, the space-time turns flat, and they possess hyperbolic trajectory: <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:math> , according to the Vallado theorem, with constant speed called hyperbolic excess velocity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:math> that can explain the galaxy flat rotation curve problem, where a is the negative semi-major axis of orbit's hyperbola. Instead of the unphysical inflation epoch, the hyperbolic universe grows exponentially, preserves a legitimate inflation, and covers the current observed large structure (1028 cm).

Pilgrim dark energy models in fractal universe

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Jawad ◽  
Shamaila Rani ◽  
Ines G. Salako ◽  
Faiza Gulshan
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Eos Parameter ◽  
Pilgrim Dark Energy ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Expansion Behavior ◽  
The Universe

We discuss the cosmological implications of interacting pilgrim dark energy (PDE) models (with Hubble, Granda–Oliveros and generalized ghost cutoffs) with cold dark matter ([Formula: see text]CDM) in fractal cosmology by assuming the flat universe. We observe that the Hubble parameter lies within observational suggested ranges while deceleration parameter represents the accelerated expansion behavior of the universe. The equation of state (EoS) parameter ([Formula: see text]) corresponds to the quintessence region and phantom region for different cases of [Formula: see text]. Further, we can see that [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] (where prime indicates the derivative with respect to natural logarithmic of scale factor) plane describes the freezing and thawing regions and also corresponds to [Formula: see text] limit for some cases of [Formula: see text] (PDE parameter). It is also noted that the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] (state-finder parameters) plane corresponds to [Formula: see text] limit and also shows the Chaplygin as well as phantom/quintessence behavior. It is observed that pilgrim dark energy models in fractal cosmology expressed the consistent behavior with recent observational schemes.

scholarly journals DO RECENT SUPERNOVAE Ia OBSERVATIONS TEND TO RULE OUT ALL THE COSMOLOGIES?

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1641-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAM GOPAL VISHWAKARMA
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles ◽  
Cosmological Models ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Standard Candle ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Rule Out

Dark energy and the accelerated expansion of the universe have been the direct predictions of the distant supernovae Ia observations which are also supported, indirectly, by the observations of the CMB anisotropies, gravitational lensing and the studies of galaxy clusters. Today these results are accommodated in what has become the concordance cosmology: a universe with flat spatial sections t = constant with about 70% of its energy in the form of Einstein's cosmological constant Λ and about 25% in the form of dark matter (made of perhaps weakly-interacting massive particles). Though the composition is weird, the theory has shown remarkable successes at many fronts. However, we find that as more and more supernovae Ia are observed, more accurately and towards higher redshift, the probability that the data are well-explained by the cosmological models decreases alarmingly, finally ruling out the concordance model at more than 95% confidence level. This raises doubts against the "standard candle"-hypothesis of the supernovae Ia and their use in constraining the cosmological models. We need a better understanding of the entire SN Ia phenomenon in order to extract cosmological consequences from them.

scholarly journals Probing dark energy with braneworld cosmology in the light of recent cosmological data

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. García-Aspeitia ◽  
Juan Magaña ◽  
A. Hernández-Almada ◽  
V. Motta
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Brane Tension ◽  
Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
Brane Model ◽  
Baryon Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
The Universe

We investigate a brane model based on Randall–Sundrum scenarios with a generic dark energy component. The latter drives the accelerated expansion at late-times of the universe. In this scheme, extra terms are added into Einstein Field equations that are propagated to the Friedmann equations. To constrain the dark energy equation-of-state (EoS) and the brane tension we use observational data with different energy levels (Supernovae Type Ia, [Formula: see text], baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic microwave background radiation distance, and a joint analysis) in a background cosmology. Beside EoS being consistent with a cosmological constant at the [Formula: see text] confidence level for each dataset, the baryon acoustic oscillations probe favors an EoS consistent with a quintessence dark energy. Although we found different lower limit bounds on the brane tension for each dataset, being the most restricted for CMB, there is not enough evidence of modifications in the cosmological evolution of the universe by the existence of an extra dimension within observational uncertainties. Nevertheless, these new bounds are complementary to those obtained by other probes like table-top experiments, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, and stellar dynamics. Our results show that a further test of the braneworld model with appropriate correction terms or a profound analysis with perturbations, may be needed to improve the constraints provided by the current data.

scholarly journals The Asymmetric Cosmic Time – The Key to a New Cosmological Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Horst Fritsch ◽  
Eberhard Schluecker
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
The Universe

The asymmetric cosmic time is a logical consequence of the General Theory of Relativity (GR), if one demands that it should apply to the entire cosmos. From the simplest cosmological model that is consistent with the ART (Einstein-de Sitter model) thus follows the < Cosmic Time Hypothesis > (CTH), which offers solutions for many unsolved problems of cosmology that the current standard model of cosmology (ɅCDM model) cannot explain. According to the CTH, space, time and matter form a unit and develop evolutionarily according to identical, time-dependent laws. According to the CTH time has neither beginning nor end. The "big bang" disappears into the infinite past, which is why the universe manages without inflation. The accelerated expansion of the universe is also unlikely to occur if the SN-Ia measurement results are interpreted using the CTH. The cosmological constant Ʌ can then be omitted (Ʌ=0) and consequently no "dark energy" is needed. In addition, the CTH also provides interesting results on the topics: Initial conditions for hypotheses, stability of the expanding, flat universe (Ω=1), cosmic energy balance (is there negative energy ?), theory of earth expansion, unification of natural forces, Mach's principle. Should the CTH receive broad experimental confirmation, the GR could be extended to the "Universal Relativity Theory" (UR).

scholarly journals ‘G-d’s Physics’ (CUFT) New “Atom” & Purposeful Universe!

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Computational Formula ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Unified Field Theory ◽  
Unified Field ◽  
The Universe

Note: Dr. Bentovish (Bentwich) is seeking scientific collaboration and validation of this New ‘G-d’s Physics’ (Computational Unified Field Theory) Paradigm’s Empirical “Critical Predictions” involving precise Astronomical/Cosmological Measurements, as well as time-sensitive Accelerators validations. Twenty-first Century Theoretical Physics is at a state of crisis akin to pre-Einstein’s 1905 Relativistic “Paradigmatic Shift: its two primary “pillars”, Relativity Theory (RT) and Quantum Mechanics (QM) seem contradictory and up to 95% of all mass and energy in the universe is unaccounted for (termed: “dark-matter” and “dark-energy”); A New “Computational Unified Field Theory” (CUFT) discovered over the past eight years – also called: “G-d’s Physics’ Paradigm was shown to resolve this apparent RT-QM inconsistency and discard “dark-matter”, “dark-energy” as “superfluous” (i.e., non-existent)! This article delineates this New ‘G-d’s Physics’ Paradigm’s new “Atom”, e.g., basic “building-block” of the physical universe associated with its discovery of the singular (higherordered) “Universal Computational Principle” (UCP) which simultaneously computes every exhaustive spatial pixel in the universe at the incredible rate of “c2 /h”=1.36-50 sec! This New ‘G-d’s Physics’ Paradigm “Atom” is shown to challenge and negate some of the basic assumptions of RT’s & QM’s Old ‘Material-Causal’ Paradigm, including: the “Big-Bang” Model, Einstein’s Equations, the “Speed of Light Barrier” and opens new exciting possibilities including “time-reversal”, and a complete integration of “space”, “time”, “energy” and “mass” within a new exhaustive “Universal Computational Formula” (which integrates and transcends key components of RT & QM); The New ‘G-d’s Physics Paradigm reveals a new Purposeful Universe which possesses multiple possible “future/s” associated with the “Moral Choices” of Human-beings, and which is directed towards an ultimate “Perfected State” (Morally, Spiritually and Physically)!

scholarly journals A transition between bouncing hyper-inflation to ΛCDM from diffusive scalar fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 1850119 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Benisty ◽  
Eduardo I. Guendelman
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Energy Tensor ◽  
Stress Energy ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Universe

We consider the history of the universe from a possible big bang or a bounce into a late period of a unified interacting dark energy–dark matter model. The model is based on the Two Measures Theories (TMT) which introduces a metric independent volume element and this allows us to construct a unification of dark energy and dark matter. A generalization of the Two Measures Theories gives a diffusive nonconservative stress-energy–momentum tensor in addition to the conserved stress-energy tensor which appear in Einstein equations. These leads to a formulation of interacting DE–DM dust models in the form of a diffusive-type interacting Unified Dark Energy and Dark Matter scenario. The deviation from [Formula: see text]CDM is determined by the diffusion constant [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text] the model is indistinguishable from [Formula: see text]CDM. Numerical solutions of the theories show that in some [Formula: see text] the evolution of the early universe is governed by Stiff equation of state or the universe bounces to hyper-inflation. But all of those solutions have a final transition to [Formula: see text]CDM as a stable fixed point for the late universe.

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