scholarly journals COVID-19 Impacts on Beaches and Coastal Water Pollution: Management Proposals Post-pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Ormaza-González ◽  
Divar Castr-Rodas
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Construction ◽  
Water Pollution Management ◽  
Plausible Reason

The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged Governments all around the world to take confinement and social 13 distancing measures. The reduction of leisure and production activities on beaches and ports have 14 disappeared direct and indirect contamination such as plastics, hydrocarbon spill, microbiological loads, 15 noise level, etc. leading to temporary improved environmental conditions, converting the beaches 16 similar to Marine Protected Areas. Some conditions are briefly analyzed through local surveys and in situ 17 observations in the popular beaches and ports of Salinas, Manta and Galápagos. 97-99 % of surveyed 18 people agreed that beaches have notoriously improved during confinement at least from visual 19 observation. On a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), the beaches were rated 2.23 and 2.83 (less than 20 acceptable) before quarantine, and 4.48 and 4.33 after it for Salinas and Manta respectively. The 21 beaches have less garbage in general and plastic, even though there has been an increase in plastic and 22 face mask production around the world. In Salinas, 72%, and 23 % of surveyed people have seen small 23 pelagic fish, whilst in Manta 75%, and 41% of people saw the same, but also 17% of people have seen 24 whales (humpback and shark-whales) and dolphins practically swimming on the beach. Manta rays, 25 turtles, and other types of species were also observed. In Galapagos beaches, turtles have been 26 observed many more times than usual. The main plausible reason is the decrease in noise level. It is 27 recommended to take this unique opportunity, to construct a baseline data and information on physical, 28 chemical, biological, microbiological coastal oceanographic science, and from them to establish a proper 29 Coastal Zone Management based on beach description, water, and beach quality, human dimension, 30 and economic value indexes. This data and information construction should ideally be done before the 31 beaches are open.

scholarly journals Beach Certification Schemes in Latin America: Are They Applicable to the Brazilian Context?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Luidgi Marchese ◽  
Camilo M. Botero ◽  
Seweryn Zielinski ◽  
Giorgio Anfuso ◽  
Marcus Polette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Beach Management ◽  
Zone Management

Beaches are multidimensional ecosystems that develop relevant natural functions and host tourist activities of great economic value. Therefore, they are currently being subjected to severe human pressure and natural impacts often enhanced by climate change. Beach certification schemes (BCSs) were designed to bridge the gap between recreation and conservation uses. The aim of this paper is to assess the compatibility and potential contribution of nine Beach Classification Schemes (BCSs) used in Latin America with the Orla Project implemented in Brazil to optimize land use planning of coastal zones, including beaches. The weaknesses and strengths of each BCSs were assessed according to the criteria for integrated coastal zone management. As a result, four of the nine BCSs were found to be the most compatible with the context of Brazilian beaches (Ecuadorian, Colombian, Cuban, and Argentinean BCSs), indicating that BCSs can contribute to specific aspects of beach management, but they should not be the only management strategy. In conclusion, the strengths of the four BCSs identified in this study can be used to build a new management tool for Brazilian beaches aligned with the Orla Project—the main coastal planning and management instrument currently used.

Study of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Its Environmental Effects

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-131
Author(s):  
Habibeh Karimi ◽  
Farid Gholamrezafahimi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Integrated Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
The World

Coasts were one of the main places of residence for human beings through the history. From the emergence of civilization to now, the human beings used coastal zone as a best place for residence. However, in early 21 century, almost two-third of people in the world (i.e. 3/7 billion people) lived in the 60 km of sea sideline. Therefore, some problems threaten human communities, includes soil erosion, changes in coastline, coastal habitat destruction, drying or polluting underground waters, and creating dangerous situation for hygiene and health in order to lack of insufficient repulsing waste and sewage. Thus, according to these problems, the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) was considered as a main way for solving the environmental problems. This chapter follows the goal that is related to the ICZM, particularly in Iran, after investigating the problems in the coastal region.

scholarly journals Unravelling the enigmas of the ‘silver sands’ in the Dutch/German/Belgian border area

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Diagenetic Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Neogene ◽  
White Sands ◽  
Joint Occurrence

AbstractBright white sands consisting almost exclusively of quartz (sometimes called ‘silver sands’) occur throughout the world; those in Europe commonly date from the late Paleogene and early Neogene. They have a clearly sedimentary origin, and they may have originated in various types of environments, but precise data are lacking because sedimentary research into these deposits (that have a high economic value) has been scarce. It is most likely that diagenetic processes are largely responsible for their exceptional appearance, but it is highly unlikely that all silver sands were subject to the same diagenetic conditions.The precise origin of most of the silver sands is still enigmatic. In the case of the silver sands in the Dutch/German/Belgian border area, it appears that long-lasting in situ leaching by humic acids (resulting in an extremely low percentage of heavy minerals), in combination with differential cementation (and later partial dissolution of the cement), must be held responsible for the wide variety of the characteristics of these sands, including locally sharp boundaries with the underlying sands, lack of precipitates at the contact plane with the underlying sands, and the joint occurrence of strongly weathered and fresh specimens of the same heavy-mineral species.

Combining current velocity data from different sources as input to coastal zone management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ullgren ◽  
Anne Stene
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Zone Management

<p>Sustainable development of the aquaculture industry depends on wise coastal zone management.  Aquaculture in Norway is typically found in small, rural municipalities that may lack expertise in marine ecology. In the project “Precise coastal zone planning with focus on aquaculture” we combine marine maps with in situ data and model results to produce a management tool for easier and more efficent aquaculture planning.</p><p>Our study area comprises five municipalities in Western Norway and includes both fjords and open coast. High resolution marine maps exist for the area. We also have access to environmental assessments from aquaculture sites, sediment samples for Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and current velocity time series from oceanographic moorings. We will compare the in situ data with output from two current models (Sinmod and NorKyst-800). The data will be used to produce thematic maps of key characteristics, mainly current and organic carbon content, to help administrators identify areas suitable for different types of aquaculture.</p><p>Here, we present results from in situ measurements that will provide the current velocity input to the thematic maps. Data from seven oceanographic moorings placed in the fjord system show the current variability on time scales from hours to years. In addition we have done four 1-month deployments of a current profiler on sites selected to improve the geographical data coverage. We show preliminary results and discuss the challenges in simplifying variable current fields in an area with complex geography into an overall map.</p>

Mediterranean Challenges: Between Old Problems and New Solutions

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-497
Author(s):  
Maria Gavouneli
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Integrated Coastal Zone Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Mediterranean Community ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractTrue to its venerable tradition, the Mediterranean system seems poised to embark on a new attempt at innovation. Within the first few months of 2008, we have celebrated the adoption of the much-awaited new protocol on integrated coastal zone management in the Mediterranean and we have witnessed a number of mutually reinforcing initiatives, coming from both the neighbourhood, especially the European Union, and from afar, including financial organisations such as the World Bank. They are all designed, if not to reverse, then at least to prevent the threat to biodiversity from accelerating. In essence, the wider Mediterranean community is moving beyond the traditional allocation of state jurisdiction at sea and expanding both landwards, towards the coast, and seawards, towards the high seas. In so doing, it is developing and making use of new tools for environmental protection, challenging and perhaps redesigning in the process the traditional jurisdictional tenets of the law of the sea. This paper will attempt to map these developments and come up with a first assessment of their prospects, given the daunting structural and financial deficiencies of the system.

Economics of an Integrated Ocean Observing System

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauke L. Kite-Powell ◽  
Charles S. Colgan ◽  
Rodney Weiher
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Ocean Observing Systems ◽  
Observing Systems

Improved ocean observing systems will produce better data on ocean phenomena and result in new and improved information about short-term and long-term ocean conditions and weather/climate. This information will be of economic value to a range of industries and activities, including maritime transportation, commercial fishing, agriculture, the energy industries, recreation, and coastal zone management. Our quantitative understanding of these benefits is incomplete, but the evidence to date suggests that benefits from well-targeted investments in integrated ocean observing systems will justify the costs. Work is underway to better quantify these benefits. This paper reviews the “value of information” approach to the economics of ocean observing systems and describes how this approach can be applied to estimate benefits and assist in the design of these systems.

Study of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Its Environmental Effects

2017 ◽  
pp. 64-88
Author(s):  
Habibeh Karimi ◽  
Farid Gholamrezafahimi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Integrated Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
The World

Coasts were one of the main places of residence for human beings through the history. From the emergence of civilization to now, the human beings used coastal zone as a best place for residence. However, in early 21 century, almost two-third of people in the world (i.e. 3/7 billion people) lived in the 60 km of sea sideline. Therefore, some problems threaten human communities, includes soil erosion, changes in coastline, coastal habitat destruction, drying or polluting underground waters, and creating dangerous situation for hygiene and health in order to lack of insufficient repulsing waste and sewage. Thus, according to these problems, the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) was considered as a main way for solving the environmental problems. This chapter follows the goal that is related to the ICZM, particularly in Iran, after investigating the problems in the coastal region.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Impacts on Beaches and Coastal Water Pollution at Selected Sites in Ecuador, and Management Proposals Post-pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin I. Ormaza-Gonzaìlez ◽  
Divar Castro-Rodas ◽  
Peter J. Statham
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Zone Management

The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged Governments all around the world to implement confinement and social distancing measures. Leisure and business activities on beaches and in ports have restricted direct and indirect contamination from, for example, plastics, hydrocarbon spillage, microbiological loads, and noise levels. This has led to temporarily improved environmental conditions, and the beaches having conditions closer to Marine Protected Areas. Here we report some impacts that have been studied using local surveys and qualitative observations in Ecuador at the popular beaches and ports of Salinas, Manta, and Galapagos. Satellite data support this information. Online surveys were carried out at critical moments of the pandemic: May (15th) and just after when measures were relaxed a little, but within lockdown in July (21st) 2020. Respondents were asked to compare conditions before and during the pandemic lockdown. Most (97–99%) suggested that beaches had significantly improved from visual observations during confinement. On a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best), the beaches of Salinas and Manta respectively were rated 2.2 and 2.8 (less than acceptable) before quarantine, and 4.5 and 4.3 after; results from the second survey (after 18 weeks of restrictions) were much the same. Replies from Galapagos showed a similar trend but with less marked differences. In addition to the beaches having less plastic and garbage, more fish, and large marine organisms, including humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), dolphin (bottlenose, Tursiops truncatus), and manta ray (Manta sp.) were observed near to shore. At Galapagos beaches, turtles, sea lions, and sharks were observed many more times than pre COVID. Quantitative satellite data on Chlorophyl and attenuation coefficient (Kd, 490 nm) support the qualitative survey data that there is an improvement in coastal environment quality. Here we recommend that this unique opportunity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic is used locally, regionally and globally to construct baseline data sets that include information on physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological factors in coastal zones. These parameters can then help establish an effective Coastal Zone Management Plan based on beach description and quality (water standards, noise pollution), as well as the human dimension (tourist load, cultural heritage, and economic value indices). This data and information gathering ideally should be done before the beaches become more heavily used again as the pandemic recedes.

Coastal Zone Development in Southeast Asia

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Definition Of

Coastal environments of Southeast Asia have been discussed in Chapter 11. This chapter focuses on the utilization of the region’s coastal resources, reflecting not only its varied physical characteristics but also the traditional practices and more modern economic influences that have developed along the coastal regions. Historically, the region serves as an important link between trading routes to Western and Eastern Asia. Many sea battles were fought here between local potentates and foreign powers to win control of the spice trade. A number of the coastal villages developed into important coastal cities, e.g. Cebu, Malacca, Singapore, or in recent years, into coastal tourist resorts, e.g. Pattaya, Kuta. Within the region, there are still strong cultural traditions in the use of coast, although these are being eroded or replaced by more modern or economic practices. For example, the beach forms the traditional recreational area for farmers after the harvest season in Lombok and the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Traditionally, the Balinese attach a low economic value to the coast, but this has been replaced in modern times by new and high economic values for tourism, residence, and other uses. The demands for the coastal areas for different uses have various impacts, many of which are detrimental to the coastal environment and may lead to conflicts between users. This chapter relates people with the coastal environment in terms of living and non-living marine resources. Specifically, it discusses several major coastal uses, and their impacts and attempted solutions, to development-related problems. A holistic approach in coastal zone management to solve the problems is advocated, and the implementation and success of this approach assessed. This is also considered within the future and wide-ranging context of climate change and attendant sea-level rise. The definition of a ‘coastal zone’ in Southeast Asia is variable and difficult, as not all states have coastal zone management acts or legislation to define the coastal zone. For the purposes of this chapter, the coastal zone is taken as a variable area defined by not only biogeomorphological characteristics but also the major types of use.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM BAR DYNAMICS USING SATELLITE IMAGERY: A CASE STUDY AT ANMOK BEACH, SOUTH KOREA

2018 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Athanasiou ◽  
Wiebe De Boer ◽  
Pieter Koen Tonnon ◽  
Jeseon Yoo ◽  
Matthieu De Schipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Zone Management ◽  
Video Observations ◽  
The World

Nearshore sandbar patterns can affect the hydrodynamics and, as a result, the beach morphodynamics in the nearshore zone. Hence, spatial and temporal variability in the sandbars can influence beach accretion and erosion. Understanding the variability of the sandbar system can therefore be crucial for informed coastal zone management. So far, the methods to study sandbar dynamics mainly include datasets of video observations or occasional bathymetric surveys. However, at most locations around the world, these types of data are not or only scarcely available. In this paper we present an alternative method to analyze long-term sandbar variability by means of freely available satellite imagery. These images are globally available since the 1980’s and, thus, have the potential to be applicable at any location in the world. Here, we will illustrate the methodology by means of a case study at Anmok beach at the South Korean East coast.

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