scholarly journals Assessing Global Frailty Scores: Development of a Global Burden of Disease-Frailty Index (GBD-FI)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark O’Donovan ◽  
Duygu Sezgin ◽  
Zubair Kabir ◽  
Aaron Liew ◽  
Rónán O’Caoimh
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Mean

Frailty is an important age-associated risk-state. Despite this, many countries lack population estimates and large heterogeneity exists amongst studies. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, provides comparable high-quality population-level data for 195 countries and territories. Frailty has never been measured in the GBD studies. This analysis applies the deficit accumulation model to construct a novel frailty index (FI) using the GBD 2017 dataset. Standard FI criteria were applied to all GBD categories such that selected items were health-related, age-correlated, sufficiently prevalent, did not saturate at an early age, had little redundancy/duplication, covered a range of systems, were plausible and were available serially for the same population. From all 554 GBD items, 36 were selected including 26 non-communicable diseases, 3 metabolic risks, 3 biological impairments, infectious diarrheal diseases, protein-energy malnutrition, injurious falls, and low physical activity. Variable face validity was displayed against a selection of established FIs. The mean GBD-FI score for the global population aged ≥70 years in 2017 was 0.16; scores were higher in females than males (0.16 vs 0.15, respectively). Deficits accumulated with age at an estimated rate of 0.026 per year. Adding the mean GBD-FI scores to a regression model including country-level variables for demographics (proportion ≥85 years, proportion female), healthcare quality (HAQ index), and development (SDI) increased the adjusted r2 value from 27.0% to 39.6% (p<0.001) for predicting country-level death rates from non-communicable diseases, suggesting that the GBD-FI is a useful predictor of mortality. Further analysis is required to compare the reliability and predictive validity of the GBD-FI with existing frailty tools

scholarly journals Burden of non-communicable diseases in Cyprus, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Periklis Charalampous ◽  
Elena Pallari ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Mary Economou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.

scholarly journals Physiotherapy in the management of non-communicable diseases: facing the challenge

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Sub Saharan

There is mounting evidence of the rising incidence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Governments are facing serious challenges in health care due to the rising trends in non-communicable diseases as a result of demographic and epidemiological changes, as well as economic globalization. Cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes, respiratory disease, obesity andother non-communicable conditions now account for 59 percent of the 56.5 million global deaths annually, and almost half, or 46 percent, of the global burden of disease. It is estimated that by 2020, non-communicable diseases will account for 60% of the global burden of disease. The burden of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is already substantial, and patients with these conditions make significant demands on health resources. How do these changes affect physiotherapists? This paper aims to highlight the need for physiotherapists to shift their focus from curative to preventive care in order to face the challenge of non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals The burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to high BMI in Brazil, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Santos Felisbino-Mendes ◽  
Ewerton Cousin ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Ísis Eloah Machado ◽  
Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Bmi

Abstract Background The prevalence and burden of disease resulting from obesity have increased worldwide. In Brazil, more than half of the population is now overweight. However, the impact of this growing risk factor on disease burden remains inexact. Using the 2017 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) results, this study sought to estimate mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to non-communicable diseases caused by high body mass index (BMI) in both sexes and across age categories. This study also aimed to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity throughout the states of Brazil. Methods Age-standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated between 1990 and 2017. A comparative risk assessment was applied to estimate DALYs and deaths for non-communicable diseases and for all causes linked to high BMI. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased during the period of analysis. Overall, age-standardized prevalence of obesity in Brazil was higher in females (29.8%) than in males (24.6%) in 2017; however, since 1990, males have presented greater rise in obesity (244.1%) than females (165.7%). Increases in prevalence burden were greatest in states from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Overall, burden due to high BMI also increased from 1990 to 2017. In 2017, high BMI was responsible for 12.3% (8.8–16.1%) of all deaths and 8.4% (6.3–10.7%) of total DALYs lost to non-communicable diseases, up from 7.2% (4.1–10.8%), and 4.6% (2.4-6.0%) in 1990, respectively. Change due to risk exposure is the leading contributor to the growth of BMI burden in Brazil. In 2017, high BMI was responsible for 165,954 deaths and 5,095,125 DALYs. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes have proven to be the most prevalent causes of deaths, along with DALYs caused by high BMI, regardless of sex or state. Conclusions This study demonstrates increasing age-standardized prevalence of obesity in all Brazilian states. High BMI plays an important role in disease burdens in terms of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and all causes of mortality. Assessing levels and trends in exposures to high BMI and the resulting disease burden highlights the current priority for primary prevention and public health action initiatives focused on obesity.

scholarly journals Assessing Global Frailty Scores: Development of a Global Burden of Disease-Frailty Index (GBD-FI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5695
Author(s):  
Mark O’Donovan ◽  
Duygu Sezgin ◽  
Zubair Kabir ◽  
Aaron Liew ◽  
Rónán O’Caoimh
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Life Years

Frailty is an independent age-associated predictor of morbidity and mortality. Despite this, many countries lack population estimates with large heterogeneity between studies. No population-based standardised metric for frailty is available. We applied the deficit accumulation model of frailty to create a frailty index (FI) using population-level estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study across 195 countries to create a novel GBD frailty index (GBD-FI). Standard FI criteria were applied to all GBD categories to select GBD-FI items. Content validity was assessed by comparing the GBD-FI with a selection of established FIs. Properties including the rate of deficit accumulation with age were examined to assess construct validity. Linear regression models were created to assess if mean GBD-FI scores predicted one-year incident mortality. From all 554 GBD items, 36 were selected for the GBD-FI. Face validity against established FIs was variable. Characteristic properties of a FI—higher mean score for females and a deficit accumulation rate of approximately 0.03 per year, were observed. GBD-FI items were responsible for 19% of total Disability-Adjusted Life Years for those aged ≥70 years in 2017. Country-specific mean GBD-FI scores ranged from 0.14 (China) to 0.19 (Hungary) and were a better predictor of mortality from non-communicable diseases than age, gender, Healthcare Access and Quality Index or Socio-Demographic Index scores. The GBD-FI is a valid measure of frailty at population-level but further external validation is required.

The Global Burden of Disease: Measuring the health of populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Theo Vos ◽  
Alan Lopez ◽  
Christopher Murray
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Improve Health

To make the best decisions to improve health, policymakers need reliable, up-to-date information on the major challenges facing their country. The Global Burden of Disease study facilitates this by providing comprehensive and scientifically rigorous estimates of the causes of death and illness across the globe. It examines a total of 79 risk factors and the amount of health loss attributable to each or combinations of them. Analysis over time reveals a shift from disease burden dominated by communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes to a burden increasingly made up of non-communicable diseases and injuries. By making comparisons between countries or subnational units like states or counties, the Global Burden of Disease can highlight areas of particular success or challenge, providing opportunities to examine what is working, or what is not.

scholarly journals Colorado Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors, 1990–2019: A Sub-Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Jen Roux ◽  
David Rojas-Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

(1) Background: Health disparities across the United States (U.S.) are increasing. Large variations in risk factors and health outcomes have been described among states from the U.S. (2) AIM. This study aims to describe health trends in morbidity, mortality, and risk factors from 1990 to 2019 in the State of Colorado. (3) Methods: We describe the measures of health loss for 286 causes of death, 369 diseases and injuries, and 87 risk factors for the state of Colorado from the Global Burden of Disease project estimates between 1990 to 2019. (4) Results: We found that 21,171 and 40,724 deaths were estimated in 1990 and 2019, respectively, in Colorado. The leading cause of death, in both sexes, in 1990 and 2019 was ischemic heart disease (IHD). The top leading disability-adjusted life years (DALY) diagnoses were IHD, followed by low back pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and opioid use disorder. In 2019, the top risk factors by DALYs in Colorado were smoking, drug use, high body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high systolic blood pressure. (5) Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases and their related risk factors are the top leading causes of DALYs in Colorado. Findings support the need for policies to prevent non-communicable diseases, with special attention to musculoskeletal disorders and interventions to reduce tobacco, alcohol, and drug use.

scholarly journals The changing patterns of Non-communicable diseases and injuries in Nepal from 1990-2017: A review of evidence from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
Nipun Shrestha ◽  
Bishal Gyawali ◽  
Abhinav Vaidya ◽  
Dan Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

Abstract Background Nepal has made significant strides towards its commitment to achieve universal health coverage in the past few decades. However, the paucity of evidence on morbidity, mortality and trends in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has posed a significant hindrance in targeting resources for prevention, screening and treatment services. Thus, we conducted a systematic review of the existing evidence on the distribution of NCDs and their trends in Nepal from 1990 to 2017.Methods We analysed data on disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability, years of life lost due to NCDs in Nepal and its comparator countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) from 1990 to 2017 using all available data sources from Global Burden of Disease 2017. We also conducted supplemental analysis using data from the 2016 Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) to further elucidate the provincial level prevalence of key NCD risk factors.Results The result showed that between 1990 and 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 14 years, from 58 years to 71 years on an average in Nepal. The three leading causes of DALYs in 2017 were cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), maternal and neonatal disorders and chronic respiratory diseases. High systolic blood pressure, smoking and high fasting plasma glucose were leading contributors to the NCD DALYs burden in 2017. At any ages ≥ 40 years, NCDs and injuries were responsible for 75–82% of total DALYs. Injuries, self-harm and violence, mental, neurological and musculoskeletal disorders superseded CVDs to become the leading causes of DALYs in young population aged 15–35 years.Conclusions CVDs were the leading causes of death in 2017 followed by chronic respiratory diseases and cancers. Data such as these are an important tool for framing a coherent policy response towards achieving the sustainable development goals, and the targets set by Nepal’s first Multi-sectoral Action plan on NCDs (2014–2020).

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