scholarly journals Immune Escape Mechanisms and their Clinical Relevance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Seliger ◽  
Chiara Massa ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Daniel Bethmann ◽  
Matthias Kappler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

Immunotherapy has been recently approved for the treatment of relapsed and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the response of patients is limited and the overall survival remains short with a low rate of long-term survivors. There exists growing evidence that immune escape mechanisms play an important role for the low efficacy of immunotherapies in this disease. These are caused by diverse complex processes characterized by (i) changes in the expression of immune modulatory factors in tumour cells, (ii) alterations in the frequency and composition of immune cell subpopulations in the tumour microenvironment and peripheral blood leading to reduced innate and adaptive immune responses, (iii) impaired homing of immune cells to the tumour site as well as (iv) the presence of immune suppressive soluble and physical factors in the tumour microenvironment. We here summarize the major immune escape strategies of HNSCC lesions, the role of the tumor microenvironment in this process, the clinical relevance of HNSCC-induced immune tolerance, currently employed immunotherapeutic approaches and possibilities to overcome resistance to immunotherapy thereby improving the HNSCC patients’ survival.

scholarly journals Immune Escape Mechanisms and Their Clinical Relevance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7032
Author(s):  
Barbara Seliger ◽  
Chiara Massa ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Daniel Bethmann ◽  
Matthias Kappler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Immune Escape Mechanisms

Immunotherapy has been recently approved for the treatment of relapsed and metastatic human papilloma virus (HPV) positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the response of patients is limited and the overall survival remains short with a low rate of long-term survivors. There exists growing evidence that complex and partially redundant immune escape mechanisms play an important role for the low efficacy of immunotherapies in this disease. These are caused by diverse complex processes characterized by (i) changes in the expression of immune modulatory molecules in tumor cells, (ii) alterations in the frequency, composition and clonal expansion of immune cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood leading to reduced innate and adaptive immune responses, (iii) impaired homing of immune cells to the tumor site as well as (iv) the presence of immune suppressive soluble and physical factors in the tumor microenvironment. We here summarize the major immune escape strategies of HNSCC lesions, highlight pathways, and molecular targets that help to attenuate HNSCC-induced immune tolerance, affect the selection and success of immunotherapeutic approaches to overcome resistance to immunotherapy by targeting immune escape mechanisms and thus improve the HNSCC patients’ outcome.

scholarly journals STAT3 and immune escape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shinichi Leibowitz ◽  
Andres Lopez‐Albaitero ◽  
Robert L Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

scholarly journals Purine Metabolites in Tumor-Derived Exosomes May Facilitate Immune Escape of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Ludwig ◽  
Delbert G. Gillespie ◽  
Torsten E. Reichert ◽  
Edwin K. Jackson ◽  
Theresa L. Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Purine Metabolites ◽  
Purine Metabolite

Body fluids of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are enriched in exosomes that reflect properties of the tumor. The aim of this study was to determine whether purine metabolites are carried by exosomes and evaluate their role as potential contributors to tumor immune escape. The gene expression levels of the purine synthesis pathway were studied using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Head and Neck Cancer database. Exosomes were isolated from supernatants of UMSCC47 cells and from the plasma of HNSCC patients (n = 26) or normal donors (NDs; n = 5) using size exclusion chromatography. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to assess levels of 19 purine metabolites carried by exosomes. In HNSCC tissues, expression levels of genes involved in the purinergic pathway were upregulated indicating an accelerated purine metabolism compared to normal tissues. Exosomes from supernatants of UMSCC47 cells contained several purine metabolites, predominantly adenosine and inosine. Purine metabolite levels were enriched in exosomes isolated from the plasma of HNSCC patients compared to those isolated from NDs and carried elevated levels of adenosine (p = 0.0223). Exosomes of patients with early-stage disease and no lymph node metastasis contained significantly elevated levels of adenosine and 5′-GMP (p = 0.0247 and p = 0.0229, respectively). The purine metabolite levels in exosomes decreased in patients with advanced cancer and nodal involvement. This report provides the first evidence that HNSCC cells shuttle purine metabolites in exosomes, with immunosuppressive adenosine being the most prominent purine. Changes in the content and levels of purine metabolites in circulating exosomes reflect disease progression in HNSCC patients.

scholarly journals Clinical relevance of nine transcriptional molecular markers for the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in tissue and saliva rinse

BMC Cancer ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lallemant ◽  
Alexandre Evrard ◽  
Christophe Combescure ◽  
Heliette Chapuis ◽  
Guillaume Chambon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract 3550: Differences in immune escape in HPV+ versus HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Russell ◽  
Melissa G. Lechner ◽  
Trevor E. Angell ◽  
Adrian J. Correa ◽  
Alan L. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

scholarly journals The roles of extracellular vesicles in the development, microenvironment, anticancer drug resistance, and therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Junnan Guo ◽  
Pingyang Yu ◽  
Lunhua Guo ◽  
Xionghui Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Biological Behaviour

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the main malignant tumours affecting human health, mainly due to delayed diagnosis and high invasiveness. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by cells into the extracellular matrix that carry important signalling molecules and stably and widely exist in various body fluids, such as plasma, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, urine, semen, lymphatic fluid, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, and sputum. EVs transport almost all types of bioactive molecules (DNA, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, metabolites, and even pharmacological compounds). These “cargoes” can act on recipient cells, reshaping the surrounding microenvironment and altering distant targets, ultimately affecting their biological behaviour. The extensive exploration of EVs has deepened our comprehensive understanding of HNSCC biology. In this review, we not only summarized the effect of HNSCC-derived EVs on the tumour microenvironment but also described the role of microenvironment-derived EVs in HNSCC and discussed how the “mutual dialogue” between the tumour and microenvironment mediates the growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune escape, and drug resistance of tumours. Finally, the clinical application of EVS in HNSCC was assessed.

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