scholarly journals Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown Under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Scarpino ◽  
Massimo Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
North West ◽  
Modified Mycotoxins ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The enhancement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is one of the best options to reduce mycotoxin contamination in wheat. This study has aimed to verify that the genotypes with high tolerance to deoxynivalenol could guarantee an overall minimization of the sanitary risk, by evaluating the contamination of regulated, modified and emerging mycotoxins on durum wheat cvs with different degrees of FHB susceptibility, grown under different meteorological condi-tions, in 8 growing seasons in North-West Italy. The years which were characterized by frequent and heavy rainfall in spring, were also those with the highest contamination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin and enniatins. The most FHB resistant genotypes resulted in the lowest contamination of all the mycotoxins but showed the highest deoxyniva-lenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio and moniliformin/deoxynivalenol ratio. An inverse re-lationship between the amount of deoxynivalenol and the deoxyniva-lenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio was recorded for all the cvs and all the years. Converse-ly, the enniatins/deoxynivalenol ratio had a less intense relationship with cv tolerance to FHB. In conclusion, even though the more tolerant cvs, showed higher relative relationships between modified/emerging mycotoxins and native/target mycotoxins than the susceptible ones, they showed lower absolute levels of contamination of both emerging and modified mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Valentina Scarpino ◽  
Massimo Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
North West ◽  
Modified Mycotoxins ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The enhancement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is one of the best options to reduce mycotoxin contamination in wheat. This study has aimed to verify that the genotypes with high tolerance to deoxynivalenol could guarantee an overall minimization of the sanitary risk, by evaluating the contamination of regulated, modified and emerging mycotoxins on durum wheat cvs with different degrees of FHB susceptibility, grown under different meteorological conditions, in 8 growing seasons in North-West Italy. The years which were characterized by frequent and heavy rainfall in spring were also those with the highest contamination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, and enniatins. The most FHB resistant genotypes resulted in the lowest contamination of all the mycotoxins but showed the highest deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio and moniliformin/deoxynivalenol ratio. An inverse relationship between the amount of deoxynivalenol and the deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio was recorded for all the cvs and all the years. Conversely, the enniatins/deoxynivalenol ratio had a less intense relationship with cv tolerance to FHB. In conclusion, even though the more tolerant cvs, showed higher relative relationships between modified/emerging mycotoxins and native/target mycotoxins than the susceptible ones, they showed lower absolute levels of contamination of both emerging and modified mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Agronomic evaluation of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) resistance in Italian durum wheat cultivars and screening of advanced lines MAS selected for FHB resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (3(32)) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Г. Бентівенга ◽  
М. Камеріні ◽  
А. Белoччі ◽  
М. Форнара ◽  
С. Меллоні ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Fhb Resistance

scholarly journals Fusarium Head Blight in Durum Wheat: Recent Status, Breeding Directions, and Future Research Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1664-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemanesh K. Haile ◽  
Amidou N’Diaye ◽  
Sean Walkowiak ◽  
Kirby T. Nilsen ◽  
John M. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major fungal disease affecting wheat production worldwide. Since the early 1990s, FHB, caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, has become one of the most significant diseases faced by wheat producers in Canada and the United States. The increasing FHB problem is likely due to the increased adoption of conservation tillage practices, expansion of maize production, use of susceptible wheat varieties in rotation, and climate variability. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum sp. durum) is notorious for its extreme susceptibility to FHB and breeding for resistance is complicated because sources of FHB resistance are rare in the primary gene pool of tetraploid wheat. Losses due to this disease include yield, test weight, seed quality, food and feed quality, and when severe, market access. More importantly, it is the contamination with mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol, in Fusarium-infected durum kernels that causes the most serious economic as well as food and feed safety concerns. Several studies and thorough reviews have been published on germplasm development and breeding for FHB resistance and the genetics and genomics of FHB resistance in bread or common wheat (T. aestivum); however, similar reviews have not been conducted in durum wheat. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the recent research efforts to mitigate FHB in durum wheat, including quantitative trait locus mapping, genome-wide association studies, genomic prediction, mutagenesis and characterization of genes and pathways involved in FHB resistance. It also highlights future directions, FHB-resistant germplasm, and the potential role of morphological traits to enhance FHB resistance in durum wheat.

Inheritances of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in a Cross Involving Local and Exotic Durum Wheat Cultivars

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Fakhfakh ◽  
A. Yahyaoui ◽  
S. Rezgui ◽  
E. M. Elias ◽  
A. Daaloul
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight

Natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in various wheat cultivars grown in Jiangsu province, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dong ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
M. Yu ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Concentration ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Growing Region ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a major mycotoxin found in wheat infected with Fusarium fungi. DON can be converted by plant detoxification into a form of ‘masked mycotoxin’ termed deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G). To recommend appropriate wheat cultivars for planting in order to reduce DON contamination in Jiangsu province, where a traditional Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemic area is located in the lower reaches of Yangtze-Huaihe, we evaluated the capacity of various wheat cultivars to transform DON into DON-3G under field conditions. We collected and evaluated samples from 11 major wheat cultivars grown in 63 experimental stations in Jiangsu province in 2015 and 2016. All samples were contaminated with DON, with an average concentration of 2,087±112 and 2,601±126 µg/kg in 2015 and 2016, respectively. DON-3G was detected in 425 (96%) and 405 (97%) samples in 2015 and 2016, with an average concentration of 545±28 and 819±44 µg/kg, respectively. The DON-3G/DON ratio ranged from 5 to 84% (average, 30%) in 2015 and from 0 to 71% (average, 31%) in 2016. DON levels were highly correlated with DON-3G concentrations (P<0.01), and the FHB resistance of the wheat cultivars was proportional to their capacity to convert DON to DON-3G. Importantly, region, cultivar, and region × cultivar interaction all significantly affected DON and DON-3G concentrations and DON-3G/DON ratios. In general, FHB-resistant cultivars, such as Sumai 188 and Ningmai 13, had lower levels of DON and DON-3G than the others. However, additional factors, including the growing region and environmental variables, were important for wheat management when other wheat cultivars were evaluated.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Studies Reveal Increased Aggressiveness of Emergent Canadian Fusarium graminearum Chemotypes in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Foroud ◽  
S. P. McCormick ◽  
T. MacMillan ◽  
A. Badea ◽  
D. F. Kendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Different Levels

The role of Fusarium graminearum trichothecene-chemotypes in disease outcomes was evaluated by point inoculation in a series of wheat lines with different levels of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Four inocula, each consisting of a composite of four strains with either 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADON) chemotypes from “traditional” or emergent populations, a 3-ADON chemotype, or a nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, were compared. The evaluated wheat included Canadian lines with different levels of FHB resistance/susceptibility and double haploid lines developed from crosses of these lines. Highly resistant lines were resistant to infection by all of the F. graminearum chemotypes evaluated. In the moderately susceptible/resistant wheat lines, the 3-ADON producers and the emergent 15-ADON population were, in some instances, more aggressive and resulted in higher Fusarium damaged kernel scores and levels of trichothecene accumulation. The data presented in this study demonstrate the importance of growing highly resistant wheat cultivars in the current climate of an evolving F. graminearum population, and suggest that moderate levels of FHB resistance may not be sufficient to minimize trichothecene contamination of grain from F. graminearum–infected wheat.

The role of adapted and non-adapted resistance sources in breeding resistance of winter wheat to Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol contamination

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Mesterházy ◽  
M. Varga ◽  
A. György ◽  
S. Lehoczki-Krsjak ◽  
B. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Type I ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Since resistance is the most important agent in regulating deoxynivalenol (DON), breeding for higher resistance is the key to improve food safety. Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) show a closer correlation with DON than visual symptoms. This implies a difference in genetic regulation. For this reason, the mapping should be extended not only for the visual symptoms, but also for FDK and DON. Quantitative trait loci influencing only Fusarium head blight (FHB) symptoms, may not be relevant for FDK and DON. Type I and II were pooled to overall resistance at spray inoculation. From 2010 to 2016 three selection platforms were compared by checking running variety breeding programs. The use of exotic sources in breeding significantly increased the number of more resistant genotypes in each selection phase from F3-F8 generations compared to the control program where crosses were not planned for FHB resistance and screening in early generations was also not performed. However, also in this breeding platform – at a lower rate – moderately or highly resistant genotypes could be selected. Of them, eight cultivars were/are in commercial production. The Fusarium breeding program using only adapted and more resistant parents generally gave closer results to exotic breeds, and several highly resistant genotypes were produced as a result. For winter wheat the phenotypic screening at high disease pressure is the key to select highly resistant materials. At low infection pressure the high and medium resistant genotypes come in the same group. The use of more isolates increases the chance to have strong selection pressure each year. FHB resistance was combined with leaf rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew, leaf spot resistance and high protein content (15-18%). The cultivar registration and post registration screening is the key in improving food safety in commercial production.

Identification of novel QTL for resistance to Fusarium head blight in a tetraploid wheat population

Genome ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 853-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefeng Ruan ◽  
André Comeau ◽  
François Langevin ◽  
Pierre Hucl ◽  
John M. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Most tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L var. durum) cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB). This study reports novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with FHB resistance. A backcross recombinant inbred line (BCRIL) population was developed from the cross BGRC3487/2*DT735, and 160 lines were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein. Petch) in field trials over 3 years (2008–2010) and to a F. graminearum 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) chemotype in greenhouse trials. The population was genotyped with 948 polymorphic loci using DArT and microsatellite markers. Eleven QTL were associated with FHB resistance under field conditions on chromosomes 2A, 3B, 5A, 5B, 7A, and 7B. Two of these, QFhb.usw-3B from BGRC3487 and QFhb.usw-7A2, were consistently detected over environments. The QFhb.usw-3B QTL was in a similar position to a resistance QTL in hexaploid wheat. The combination of the two QTL reduced field index by 53.5%–86.2%. Two QTL for resistance to the 3-ADON chemotype were detected on chromosomes 1B and 4B. Both BGRC3487 and DT735 could provide new sources of FHB resistance and the combination of QTL reported here could be valuable tools in breeding FHB-resistant durum wheat.

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