scholarly journals Sub-Millisecond Integrated Mix-and-Inject Microfluidic Sample Delivery Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Hejazian ◽  
Eugeniu Balaur ◽  
Brian Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Microfluidic Mixers

Microfluidic devices which integrate both rapid mixing and liquid jetting for sample delivery are an emerging solution for studying molecular dynamics via X-ray diffraction. Here we use finite element modelling to investigate the efficiency and time-resolution achievable using microfluidic mixers within the parameter range required for producing stable liquid jets. Three-dimensional simulations, validated by experimental data, are used to determine the velocity and concentration distribution within these devices. The results show that by adopting a serpentine geometry, it is possible to induce chaotic mixing, which effectively reduces the time required to achieve a homogeneous mixture for sample delivery. Further, we investigate the effect of flow rate and the mixer microchannel size on the mixing efficiency and minimum time required for complete mixing of the two solutions whilst maintaining a stable jet. In general, we find that the smaller the cross-sectional area of the mixer microchannel, the shorter the time needed to achieve homogeneous mixing for a given flow rate. The results of these simulations will form the basis for optimised designs enabling the study of molecular dynamics occurring on millisecond timescales using integrated mix-and-inject microfluidic devices.

scholarly journals A Numerical Study of Sub-Millisecond Integrated Mix-and-Inject Microfluidic Devices for Sample Delivery at Synchrotron and XFELs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Majid Hejazian ◽  
Eugeniu Balaur ◽  
Brian Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Required

Microfluidic devices which integrate both rapid mixing and liquid jetting for sample delivery are an emerging solution for studying molecular dynamics via X-ray diffraction. Here we use finite element modelling to investigate the efficiency and time-resolution achievable using microfluidic mixers within the parameter range required for producing stable liquid jets. Three-dimensional simulations, validated by experimental data, are used to determine the velocity and concentration distribution within these devices. The results show that by adopting a serpentine geometry, it is possible to induce chaotic mixing, which effectively reduces the time required to achieve a homogeneous mixture for sample delivery. Further, we investigate the effect of flow rate and the mixer microchannel size on the mixing efficiency and minimum time required for complete mixing of the two solutions whilst maintaining a stable jet. In general, we find that the smaller the cross-sectional area of the mixer microchannel, the shorter the time needed to achieve homogeneous mixing for a given flow rate. The results of these simulations will form the basis for optimised designs enabling the study of molecular dynamics occurring on millisecond timescales using integrated mix-and-inject microfluidic devices.

Microfabrication of the Split and Recombination Micromixer and the Effect of Its Cross-Sectional Rotation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Woo Lee ◽  
Seung S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Rotation Effect ◽  
Clockwise Rotation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Rate Range ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Pass Through

This paper shows the microfabrication process of a split and recombination (SAR) micromixer and the effect of the cross-sectional rotation of fluidic interfaces, which is based on three dimensional microchannels composed of two poly-dimethysiloxane (PDMS) layers. When fluids pass through the nth SAR mixing unit, the number of interfaces increases to 2n+1−1 through SAR mixing. The cross-sectional rotation of interfaces induced by the different time of expanding at slanted walls enhances mixing efficiency. The effect of the rotation is compared by three types of the SAR micromixer characterized by the existence and the direction of the rotation. The first type, No-R type, has flat walls which do not induce the rotation. The second type, Co-R type, has slanted walls which induce counter-clockwise rotations. The third type, Count-R type, has slanted walls and the counter-clockwise rotation alternates with the clockwise rotation. Water and blue dye is used in the mixing experiment as mixing fluids. Each inlet’s flow rate range is between 1 μl/min (Re0.1179) and 100 μl/min (Re 11.79). In No-R type, there is a clear contrast in interfaces which means that there is no rotation effect in SAR mixing process. In Co-R and Count-R, the contrast is unclear because of the rotation. Mixing in the SAR micromixer is almost complete after the 7th unit, whose length is 4200μm. The performance of the micromixer is estimated by numerical analysis using CFD ACE+. The flow rate and the diffusion coefficient are set 5 μl/min (ReO.5893) and 10−10m2/s, respectively for each inlet. The cross-sectional view of simulational SAR mixing agrees with experimental observations. The simulation estimates that the degree of mixing is more than 90% after the 6th unit of the No-R and Co-R type SAR micromixer.

scholarly journals A Microfluidic Mixer of High Throughput Fabricated in Glass Using Femtosecond Laser Micromachining Combined with Glass Bonding

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Qi ◽  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Wei Chu ◽  
Jianping Yu ◽  
Miao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microfluidic Mixer ◽  
Silica Substrate ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Micromachining ◽  
Bonding Method

We demonstrate a microfluidic mixer of high mixing efficiency in fused silica substrate using femtosecond laser-induced wet etching and hydroxide-catalysis bonding method. The micromixer has a three-dimensional geometry, enabling efficient mixing based on Baker’s transformation principle. The cross-sectional area of the fabricated micromixer was 0.5 × 0.5 mm2, enabling significantly promotion of the throughput of the micromixer. The performance of the fabricated micromixers was evaluated by mixing up blue and yellow ink solutions with a flow rate as high as 6 mL/min.

scholarly journals The Influence of Flow Rate on the Wake in a Centrifugal Impeller

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Johnson ◽  
J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stagnation Pressure ◽  
Centrifugal Impeller ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Compressor Impeller

Three-dimensional flows and their influence on the stagnation pressure losses in a centrifugal compressor impeller have been studied. All 3 mutally perpendicular components of relative velocity and stagnation pressure on 5 cross-sectional planes, between the inlet and outlet of a 1 m dia shrouded impeller running at 500 rpm were measured. Comparisons were made between results for a flow rate corresponding to nearly zero incidence angle and two other flows, with increased and reduced flow rates. These detailed measurements show how the position of separation of the shroud boundary layer moved downstream and the wake’s size decreased, as the flow rate was increased. The wake’s location, at the outlet of the impeller, was also observed to move from the suction surface at the lowest flow rate, to the shroud at higher flow rates.

scholarly journals Analysis of Liquid Flow and Mixing in an Oscillatory Flow Reactor Provided with 2D Smooth Periodic Constrictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Almeida ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
A. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oscillatory Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Axial Dispersion ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liquid Dispersion ◽  
Fluid Oscillation

In this research paper the residence time distribution (RTD) was monitored for a range of fluid oscillation, frequency, amplitude and flow rate in two oscillatory flow reactors (OFR) provided with 2D smooth periodic constrictions (2D-SPC) with different designs. It was studied the axial liquid dispersion using axial dispersion model and the mixing efficiency using tank-in-series model for continuous mode. Two cases, with and without fluid oscillation, were studied and determined the optimum conditions to ensure a close plug flow, an efficient mixing and a low axial liquid dispersion. The optimum operation conditions for the two 2D-SPC designs were found. Moreover, the effect of open cross-sectional area (a) on mixing and axial dispersion was also investigated. For low cross-sectional area values the mixing is higher. It was observed that fluid oscillation increases the mixing intensity even at lower flow rates, and the axial dispersion increases as the flow rate increases.

Performance Simulations of Tesla Microfluidic Valves

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zhang ◽  
S. H. Winoto ◽  
H. T. Low
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Tesla Valve

A three-dimensional (3-D) parametric model of Tesla-type valves is proposed. A geometrical relationship is derived for optimization study, and based on the model, performance investigations in terms of diodicity and pressure-flow rate characteristics of the valve are numerically carried out with same hydraulic diameter and different aspect ratios (of the model cross-sectional dimensions) ranging from 0.5 to 4. The 3-D computational simulations show that, for the same hydraulic diameter, the unity aspect ratio gives higher diodicity at Reynolds number less than 500 and higher will be achieved with bigger aspect ratio when the Reynolds number is above 500. Investigations of pressure-flow rate characteristics of the Tesla valve show that Tesla valve with high aspect ratio gives more flow control ability.

SELF-ASSEMBLED COBALT CHAINS INDUCED BY MAGNETIC FIELD THROUGH HYDROTHERMALLY REDUCING COBALT IONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
pp. 4323-4329 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAN ZHAO ◽  
MIN YAO ◽  
JUN WANG
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hierarchical Microspheres ◽  
Potential Applications

Co uniform hierarchical microspheres were grown on a large scale at 200° by a simple hydrothermal method with the help of the surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). During the synthesis, the external magnetic field as a controlling factor assembled cobalt microspheres to form chain-like structures vertically on substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the product. The results indicate that three-dimensional (3D) Co microspheres are constructed by the cross-sectional nanoplatelets shape with a mean thickness of ~ 250 nm. The mechanism involved for the formation of the chain-like structures is discussed. The results of the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) show that the magnetic Co chains possess the saturation magnetization of 125.2 emu/g. Our work may shed some light on the design of other well-defined complex nanostructures, and as-grown architectures may have potential applications.

scholarly journals Radiology Informatics : Image Processing In Pacs-Lung Cancer Detection in CT Images

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Tulika Choudhury ◽  
Mandar Karyakarte
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiology Informatics ◽  
Svm Algorithm ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Pacs Server ◽  
Processing Techniques

<p>In this Paper, I will do Image Processing Techniques in DICOM Images acquired from the PACS Server and by utilizing KNN and SVM Algorithm and I will utilize a prescient strategy to examine the disarranges of any patient by contrasting the prior datasets of same methodology and Predict the turmoil of the patient, which will diminish the time taken to break down any DICOM pictures. Mix of RIS and PACS administrations into a solitary arrangement has turned into a broad reality in day by day radiological work on, permitting significant increasing speed of work process without any difficulty of work contrasted and more seasoned age film-based radiological movement. Specifically, the quick and stupendous late development of computerized radiology (with unique reference to cross-sectional imaging modalities, for example, CT and MRI) has been paralleled by the improvement of incorporated RIS– PACS frameworks with cutting edge picture preparing devices (either two-and additionally three-dimensional) that were a restrictive undertaking of expensive devoted workstations until a couple of years prior. This new situation is probably going to additionally enhance profitability in the radiology division with decrease of the time required for picture translation and revealing, and also to cut expenses for the buy of devoted independent picture handling workstations. In this paper, a general depiction of common incorporated RIS– PACS design with picture preparing capacities will be given, and the primary accessible picture handling devices will be delineated. The most well-known kind of malignancy is Lung Cancer. The demise rate is higher in this kind of growth, which can be lessened, if found in its before stages. The Lung Cancer can be recognized utilizing picture preparing strategies on the CT pictures of the Chest of a patient. In this Paper, I will utilize the CT pictures of the Chest to distinguish Lung Cancer by decreasing the clamor of the picture and changing over it to grayscale and after that utilization water shed calculation to identify lung disease.</p>

The Influence of Flow Rate on the Wake in a Centrifugal Impeller

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Johnson ◽  
J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stagnation Pressure ◽  
Centrifugal Impeller ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Compressor Impeller

Three-dimensional flows and their influence on the stagnation pressure losses in a centrifugal compressor impeller have been studied. All three mutually perpendicular components of relative velocity and stagnation pressure on five cross-sectional planes, between the inlet and outlet of a 1-m dia shrouded impeller running at 500 rpm were measured. Comparisons were made between results for a flow rate corresponding to nearly zero incidence angle and two other flows, with increased and reduced flow rates. These detailed measurements show how the position of separation of the shroud boundary layer moved downstream and the wake’s size decreased, as the flow rate was increased. The wake’s location, at the outlet of the impeller, was also observed to move from the suction surface at the lowest flow rate, to the shroud at higher flow rates.

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