scholarly journals Sensing and Responding to Hypersaline Conditions and the HOG Signal Transduction Pathway in Fungi Isolated from Hypersaline Environments: Hortaea werneckii and Wallemia ichthyophaga

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Plemenitaš
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Hog Pathway ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
High Osmolarity ◽  
Hortaea Werneckii ◽  
Solar Salterns

Sensing and responding to changes in NaCl concentration in hypersaline environments is vital for cell survival. We have identified and characterized key components of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signal transduction pathway, which is crucial in sensing hypersaline conditions in the extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii and in the obligate halophilic fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Both organisms were isolated from solar salterns, their predominating ecological niche. The identified components included homologous proteins of both branches involved in sensing high osmolarity (SHO1 and SLN1) and the homologues of mitogen-activated protein kinase module (MAPKKK Ste11, MAPKK Pbs2, and MAPK Hog1). Functional complementation of the identified gene products in S. cerevisiae mutant strains revealed some of their functions. Structural protein analysis demonstrated important structural differences in the HOG pathway components between halotolerant/halophilic fungi isolated from solar salterns, salt-sensitive S. cerevisiae, the extremely salt-tolerant H. werneckii, and halophilic W. ichthyophaga. Known and novel gene targets of MAP kinase Hog1 were uncovered particularly in halotolerant H. werneckii. Molecular studies of many salt-responsive proteins confirm unique and novel mechanisms of adaptation to changes in salt concentration.

scholarly journals Sensing and Responding to Hypersaline Conditions and the HOG Signal Transduction Pathway in Fungi Isolated from Hypersaline Environments: Hortaea werneckii and Wallemia ichthyophaga

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Ana Plemenitaš
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Hog Pathway ◽  
Homologous Proteins ◽  
High Osmolarity ◽  
Hortaea Werneckii ◽  
Solar Salterns

Sensing and responding to changes in NaCl concentration in hypersaline environments is vital for cell survival. In this paper, we identified and characterized key components of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signal transduction pathway, which is crucial in sensing hypersaline conditions in the extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii and in the obligate halophilic fungus Wallemia ichthyophaga. Both organisms were isolated from solar salterns, their predominating ecological niche. The identified components included homologous proteins of both branches involved in sensing high osmolarity (SHO1 and SLN1) and the homologues of mitogen-activated protein kinase module (MAPKKK Ste11, MAPKK Pbs2, and MAPK Hog1). Functional complementation of the identified gene products in S. cerevisiae mutant strains revealed some of their functions. Structural protein analysis demonstrated important structural differences in the HOG pathway components between halotolerant/halophilic fungi isolated from solar salterns, salt-sensitive S. cerevisiae, the extremely salt-tolerant H. werneckii, and halophilic W. ichthyophaga. Known and novel gene targets of MAP kinase Hog1 were uncovered particularly in halotolerant H. werneckii. Molecular studies of many salt-responsive proteins confirm unique and novel mechanisms of adaptation to changes in salt concentration.

Far1 and Fus3 link the mating pheromone signal transduction pathway to three G1-phase Cdc28 kinase complexes

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5659-5669 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tyers ◽  
B Futcher
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
G1 Phase ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Alpha Factor ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Cdc28 protein kinase controls commitment to cell division at Start, but no biologically relevant G1-phase substrates have been identified. We have studied the kinase complexes formed between Cdc28 and each of the G1 cyclins Cln1, Cln2, and Cln3. Each complex has a specific array of coprecipitated in vitro substrates. We identify one of these as Far1, a protein required for pheromone-induced arrest at Start. Treatment with alpha-factor induces a preferential association and/or phosphorylation of Far1 by the Cln1, Cln2, and Cln3 kinase complexes. This induced interaction depends upon the Fus3 protein kinase, a mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog that functions near the bottom of the alpha-factor signal transduction pathway. Thus, we trace a path through which a mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates a Cdc2 kinase.

scholarly journals Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection Induces Expression of the Early Growth Response Factor by Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Epithelial Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6217-6224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam de Grado ◽  
Carrie M. Rosenberger ◽  
Annick Gauthier ◽  
Bruce A. Vallance ◽  
B. Brett Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Early Growth Response ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an extracellular bacterial pathogen that infects the human intestinal epithelium and is a major cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. EPEC belongs to the group of attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens. It uses a type III secretion system to deliver proteins into the host cell that mediate signal transduction events in host cells. We used gene array technology to study epithelial cell responses to EPEC infection at the level of gene expression. We found that EPEC induces the expression of several genes in infected HeLa cells by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-independent mechanism, including cytokines and early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1). The transcription factor Egr-1 is an immediate-early-induced gene that is activated in most cell types in response to stress. EPEC-induced upregulation ofegr-1 is mediated by the activation of the MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal transduction pathway and is dependent on the type III secretion system. egr-1 is also induced during infection of mice by the A/E pathogenCitrobacter rodentium, suggesting that both Egr-1 and the activation of this mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway may play a role in disease.

scholarly journals Robustness and fragility in the yeast high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signal‐transduction pathway

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Krantz ◽  
Doryaneh Ahmadpour ◽  
Lars‐Göran Ottosson ◽  
Jonas Warringer ◽  
Christian Waltermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
High Osmolarity ◽  
High Osmolarity Glycerol

Clozapine and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway: Implications for antipsychotic actions

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Browning ◽  
Tushar Patel ◽  
Paul C. Brandt ◽  
Keith A. Young ◽  
Leigh A. Holcomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein
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