Temporal Muscle and Stroke—A Narrative Review on Current Meaning and Clinical Applications of Temporal Muscle Thickness, Area, and Volume

Background: Evaluating muscle mass and function among stroke patients is important. However, evaluating muscle volume and function is not easy due to the disturbance of consciousness and paresis. Temporal muscle thickness (TMT) has been introduced as a novel surrogate marker for muscle mass, function, and nutritional status. We herein performed a narrative literature review on temporal muscle and stroke to understand the current meaning of the TMT in the clinical stroke practice. Methods: The search was performed in PubMed, last updated in October 2021. Report on temporal muscle morphomics and stroke-related diseases or clinical entities were collected. Results: Four studies reported on TMT and subarachnoid hemorrhage, 2 intracerebral hemorrhage, 2 ischemic stroke, 2 standard TMT values, and 2 nutritional status. TMT was reported as a prognostic factor for several diseases, surrogate markers for skeletal muscle mass, and an indicator of nutritional status. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography were used to measure TMT. Conclusions: TMT is gradually used as a prognostic factor of stroke or surrogate marker for skeletal muscle mass and nutritional status. Establishing standard methods to measure TMT and large prospective studies to investigate the further relationship between TMT and diseases are needed.

Download Full-text

Longitudinal changes to quadriceps thickness demonstrate acute sarcopenia following admission to hospital for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215949 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215949

Author(s):

Hamish J C McAuley ◽

Theresa C Harvey-Dunstan ◽

Michelle Craner ◽

Matthew Richardson ◽

Sally J Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Respiratory Disease ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Hospital Readmission ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

And Function

Acute admission to hospital for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) may impair skeletal muscle mass and function. We measured quadriceps thickness (Qthick), as a surrogate marker of muscle mass, at hospital admission, discharge, 6 weeks and 3 months in 55 patients with CRD. Qthick fell by 8.3% during the period of hospitalisation, which was sustained at 6 weeks, and only partially recovered at 3 months. Sustained loss was most marked in patients readmitted during the follow-up period. Acute reduction in quadriceps muscle mass occurs during hospitalisation, with prolonged and variable recovery, which is prevented with subsequent hospital readmission.

Download Full-text

Association between hand muscle thickness and whole-body skeletal muscle mass in healthy adults: a pilot study

Journal of Physical Therapy Science ◽

10.1589/jpts.29.1644 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1644-1648 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Akio Morimoto ◽

Tadashi Suga ◽

Nobuaki Tottori ◽

Michio Wachi ◽

Jun Misaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Whole Body ◽

Hand Muscle

Download Full-text

Relationship between Masseter Muscle Thickness and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Elderly Persons Requiring Nursing Care in North East Japan

International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences ◽

10.5466/ijoms.15.152 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3-4) ◽

pp. 152-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kento Umeki ◽

Yutaka Watanabe ◽

Hirohiko Hirano

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Nursing Care ◽

Masseter Muscle ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

North East

Download Full-text

Sex Differences in the Associations between L-Arginine Pathway Metabolites, Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function, and their Responses to Resistance Exercise, in Old Age

The journal of nutrition health & aging ◽

10.1007/s12603-017-0964-6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 534-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. da Boit ◽

S. Tommasi ◽

D. Elliot ◽

A. Zinellu ◽

S. Sotgia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Old Age ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

Lipoprotein subfractions in patients with sarcopenia and their relevance to skeletal muscle mass and function

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2021.111668 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111668

Author(s):

Hui Gong ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Xing Lyu ◽

Lini Dong ◽

Xiangyu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

NEUROMUSCULAR CHANGES WITH AGING AND SARCOPENIA

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2018.35 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

B.C. Clark

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

The Past ◽

Conceptual Definition ◽

Age Related ◽

Per Se ◽

Definition Of ◽

And Function

Sarcopenia was originally conceptualized as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Over the ensuing decades, the conceptual definition of sarcopenia has changed to represent a condition in older adults that is characterized by declining muscle mass and function, with “function” most commonly conceived as muscle weakness and/or impaired physical performance (e.g., slow gait speed). Findings over the past 15-years, however, have demonstrated that changes in grip and leg extensor strength are not primarily due to muscle atrophy per se, and that to a large extent, are reflective of declines in the integrity of the nervous system. This article briefly summarizes findings relating to the complex neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to reductions in muscle function associated with advancing age, and the implications of these findings on the development of effective therapies.

Download Full-text

Simplified morphological evaluation of skeletal muscle mass and maximum muscle strength in healthy young women: Comparison between thigh and calf

Women s Health ◽

10.1177/1745506520962009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 174550652096200

Author(s):

Tomohiro Yasuda

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Young Women ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

Stand Test ◽

Sit To Stand

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of skeletal muscle mass and maximum muscle strength using simplified morphology evaluation in young Japanese women from the thigh and calf perspective. Methods: A total of 249 Japanese young women (aged 18–25 years) were used for data analyses in this study. Thigh and calf girths were measured using a tape measure at 50% of thigh length and at 30% proximal of calf length, respectively. Muscle thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound at the anterior and posterior thigh (at 50% of thigh length) and at the posterior lower leg (at 30% proximal of calf length), respectively. The measurements were carried out on the right side of the body while the participants stood with their elbows extended and relaxed. A stepwise multiple regression analysis (method of increasing and decreasing the variables; criterion set at p < 0.05) was performed for skeletal muscle index (defined by appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2), handgrip strength, or sit-to-stand test and five variable factors (girth (thigh and calf) and muscle thickness (anterior and posterior thigh and posterior calf)). Results: Unlike the sit-to-stand test, skeletal muscle index or handgrip strength was correlated ( p < 0.001) with the girth or muscle thickness for both thigh and calf. Unlike the sit-to-stand test, the prediction equations for skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength estimation showed significant correlations with multiple regression analysis of data obtained from the calf girth and muscle thickness. In both skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength, calf girth was adopted as a Step 1, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength could be evaluated by the simplified morphology methods, especially that for the calf girth measurement, which may be a good indicator of screening/preventing for sarcopenia in healthy Japanese young women.

Download Full-text

Sarcopenia in women with hip fracture: A comparison of hormonal biomarkers and their relationship to skeletal muscle mass and function

Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia ◽

10.1016/j.afos.2020.06.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 139-145

Author(s):

Ming Li Yee ◽

Raphael Hau ◽

Alison Taylor ◽

Mark Guerra ◽

Peter Guerra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

Skeletal Muscle Mass Regulation in Critical Illness

10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0035 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Zudin Puthucheary ◽

Hugh Montgomery ◽

Nicholas Hart ◽

Stephen Harridge

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Critical Illness ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Bed Rest ◽

Protein Homeostasis ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

And Function ◽

Inadequate Nutrition

Muscle is a dynamic, plastic, and malleable tissue that is highly sensitive to mechanical and metabolic signals. Muscle mass is regulated by protein homeostasis, with protein being continually turned over, reflecting a balance between synthesis and breakdown. This chapter discusses the effect of critical illness on skeletal muscle mass, protein homeostasis, and the intracellular signalling driving anabolism and catabolism. The focus will be on the unique challenges to which the skeletal muscle are exposed, such as inflammation, sepsis, sedation, and inadequate nutrition, which, in combination with the disuse signals of immobilization and bed rest, engender dramatic changes in muscle structure and function. The mechanisms regulating muscle loss during critical illness are being unravelled, but many questions remain unanswered. Detailed understanding of these mechanisms will help drive strategies to minimize or prevent intensive care-acquired muscle weakness and the long-term consequences experienced by ICU survivors.

Download Full-text