Development of the Composition, Technology and Study of the Effectiveness of Drops for Oral Administration "Ascorbicdrop"

For normal life, many different substances are needed, among which vitamins play an important role. Everyone knows that the word "vitamin" comes from the Latin "vita" - life. This name is not accidental at all [1]. Vitamins are low molecular weight organic compounds, very small amounts of which are required for the implementation of various metabolic processes in the body. Most vitamins are indispensable because are not synthesized in the human body. In their natural state, they can be found in very small quantities in all foods of organic origin [1,2]. Insufficient intake of vitamins from food is a global problem, and not seasonal, as it is mistakenly believed. For a number of reasons, a modern person cannot get them in the right amount with food. Inadequate nutrition, physical inactivity lead to metabolic disorders in the body and increase the risk of developing serious diseases [3,4,5,6]. One of the main problems faced by drug manufacturers is sometimes a short shelf life. In order to preserve the pharmacological properties of drugs, they add preservatives to them or place them in a vacuum package. To date, the most effective way to solve this problem is to use a modified atmosphere with nitrogen. The stability of solutions of easily oxidizable substances increases significantly if they are filled in an inert gas environment, for example, carbon dioxide, nitrogen or argon. This filling allows you to remove oxygen, this oxidizing agent that destroys unstable substances. The following factors influence the reduction of shelf life: oxidative processes, development of molds, reproduction of microorganisms. All oxidative processes in the packaging of a medicinal product occur under the influence of oxygen. As a result of this reaction, medications deteriorate. With the help of a pure nitrogen environment, it is possible to reduce the O2 content to a minimum level [7].

Screening of Honey Bee Pathogens in the Czech Republic and Their Prevalence in Various Habitats

Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is one of the most important pollinators in the world. Thus, a recent honey bee health decline and frequent honey bee mass losses have drawn attention and concern. Honey bee fitness is primarily reduced by pathogens, parasites, and viral load, exposure to pesticides and their residues, and inadequate nutrition from both the quality and amount of food resources. This study evaluated the prevalence of the most common honey bee pathogens and viruses in different habitats across the Czech Republic. The agroecosystems, urban ecosystems, and national park were chosen for sampling from 250 colonies in 50 apiaries. Surprisingly, the most prevalent honey bee pathogens belong to the family Trypanosomatidae including Lotmaria passim and Crithidia mellificae. As expected, the most prevalent viruses were DWV, followed by ABPV. Additionally, the occurrence of DWV-B and DWV-C were correlated with honey bee colony mortality. From the habitat point of view, most pathogens occurred in the town habitat, less in the agroecosystem and least in the national park. The opposite trend was observed in the occurrence of viruses. However, the prevalence of viruses was not affected by habitat.

Malnutrition and Inadequate Eating Behaviour during Hospital Stay in Geriatrics—An Explorative Analyses of NutritionDay Data in Two Hospitals

(1) Background: Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is prevalent worldwide, but the severity of the issue is often underestimated by practitioners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and inadequate eating behaviour in a geriatric sample. (2) Methods: Two hospitals participated with six wards on nutritionDay in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Nutritional status, food intake, and nutritional interventions were analyzed for all patients ≥ 65 years (n = 156), using the official nutritionDay questionnaires. Malnutrition risk is identified by Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), malnutrition by the ESPEN criteria (European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism). (3) Results: According to MUST (n = 136) 16.9% (n = 23) were at medium risk of malnutrition, 33.8% (n = 46) at high risk of malnutrition, 28.1% (n = 38) were malnourished. Overall, 62.8% (n = 98) showed an inadequate eating behaviour during hospital stay. Moreover, patients with inadequate nutrition had significantly worse self-reported health statuses (p = 0.001; r = −0.276), were less able to walk on nutritionDay (p = 0.002; r = −0.255), had eaten little in the week before admission to hospital (p < 0.001; r = −0.313), and had an increased length of stay (p = 0.036; r = −0.174). (4) Conclusion: To identify malnourished patients is a significant barrier for practitioners seeking to administer specific, tailored interventions. Malnutrition screening protocols must be improved, just as nutrition monitoring in general.

Medicinal plants used in the phytotherapeutical treatment of urolithiasis in dogs – na integrative review

Urolithiasis is a disease in which uroliths form in the urinary tract from individual predisposing factors of each species, and with aggravation, animals can have urethral obstruction and die. In this work, an integrative review of the medicinal plants most used for the treatment of urolithiasis in dogs was carried out. The objective of this work is to collaborate with the veterinary community to expand the use of herbal medicine to treat this pathology, mainly due to its relapsing nature. Its formation can occur in breeds with more evident urinary supersaturation, genetic predisposition, age, reduced daily water intake, metabolic problems, medications that alter urinary pH, inadequate nutrition and predisposition to alterations in the urinary tract. Drug and nutritional treatment is questionable, as there are types of differences in the composition of stones and the response to these can vary a lot and, in more serious cases, surgery is needed. At high rates of recurrence, the use of medicinal plants offers options aimed at the welfare of animals. Therefore, innovative research on their use of these plants informs how they can be consumed safely and with great pharmacological effect. With this, more tutors are looking for professionals who prescribe these plants in a preventive way, avoiding surgical emergencies and possible death of your animal. Urinary system herbal medicines control inflammation and increase diuresis, preventing crystal aggregation and possible growth, in addition to favoring their elimination through the urethra.

HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 24-59 BULAN DI DESA MULIO REJO KEC. SUNGGAL

ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a chronic condition of growth disruption which is described in the z-score of TB / U <-2 SD due to inadequate nutrition during the growth mass Stunting in toddlers is a time that is prone to experiencing malnutrition problems, because toddlers' bodies experience relatively fast growth and development and will determine the quality of growth in the future Objective: Knowing the Relationship between Parenting Pattern and the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Aged 24-59 Months in Mulio Rejo Village, Kec. Sunggal. Methods: This study is an observational study with cross sectional study design. Respondents were 48 mothers who have toddlers aged 24-59 months were chosen by simple random sampling method. The data taken regarding feeding habits, parenting habits, hygiene habits, and habits of getting health services were obtained through questionnaires, and the incidence of child stunting obtained from measurements of children's height using a toddler's height measurement tool. Data analysis to observe the relationship between variables using the Chi-Square test. Results: The results showed the proportion of toddler stunting in village Mulio Rejo was 20,8%. There was no a significant correlation between feeding habits (p-value = 1,000) on the incidence of toddler’s stunting Conclusion : There was no correlation between mother's parenting habits, feeding habits, parenting habits, hygiene habits and health care habits with the incidence of stunting. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Stunting merupakan salah satu permasalahan status gizi pada balita yang digambarkan sebagai bentuk kegagalan pertumbuhan akibat gizi buruk dan kesehatan selama periode prenatal dan postnatal. Dampak stunting tidak hanya pada segi kesehatan tetapi juga mempengaruhi tingkat kecerdasan anak. Stunting akan berdampak dan dikaitkan dengan proses kembang otak yang terganggu, dimana dalam jangka pendek berpengaruh pada kemampuan kognitif. Dampak jangka panjang dapat mengurangi kapasitas untuk berpendidikan lebih baik dan hilangnya kesempatan untuk peluang kerja dengan pendapatan lebih baik. Tujuan: Mengetahui Hubungan Pola Asuh Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Desa Mulio Rejo Kec. Sunggal. Metode : :Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang menggunakan dengan desain Cross Sectional. Responden adalah 48 orang ibu yang mempunyai balita usia 24-59 bulan dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara acak sederhana. Data yang diambil mengenai kebiasaan pemberian makan, kebiasaan pengasuhan, kebiasaan kebersihan, dan kebiasaan mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang didapat melalui kuisioner, dan kejadian stunting anak yang didapat dari hasil pengukuran tinggi badan anak menggunakan alat ukur tinggi badan balita. Analisis data untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stunting sebesar 20,8%. Tidak ada hubungan pola asuh ibu tentang kebiasaan pemberian makan, kebiasaan pengasuhan, kebiasaan kebersihan dan kebiasaan mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan dengan kejadian stunting Kesimpulan : Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh ibu dengan kejadian stunting di desa Mulio Rejo.

Are Ancestral Medical Practices the Future Solution to Today’s Medical Problems?

Our cells and organs are threatened and, in most cases, constantly subjected to the aggression of numerous situations, both endogenous, characterized by unfavorable genetics, and exogenous, by deficient or inadequate nutrition, and even by a hostile environment; in most cases, they ultimately cause a cascade of degenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infections, as well as those related to the metabolic syndrome, all of which eventually generate irreversible damage to the organism and, consequently, a significant deterioration in its survival [...]

Observational study on dietary patterns in pregnancy

Pregnancy nutrition influences the short-term maternal and fetal prognosis, but also the state of health in the future, an inadequate diet being associated with the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. The purpose of the study is to characterize the diet of a group of pregnant women in Iasi county in terms of macronutrient intake, but also food patterns. Material and methods. An observational study was performed on a sample of 400 pregnant women which consisted in the application of a validated food frequency questionnaire. The foods consumed were grouped into categories: meat, eggs, fish, milk and dairy products, bread and cereals, vegetables, fruits, soups, seeds and oilseeds, sweets and fast food. Factor analysis (main component analysis method) was used for the analysis of food patterns. Results. The average energy intake in the studied group was 2197 kcal/day (95% CI: 2139.57-2255.74). The intake of macronutrients during pregnancy was 86.01 g protein (95% CI: 83.64-88.39), 76.97 g lipids (95% CI: 74.59-79.35) and 297.12 g carbohydrate (95% Cl: 287.86-306.38). We identified 3 dietary patterns that explained 43.01% of the variation of consumption behaviour: healthy consumption, consisting of a diet rich in soups, fruits, eggs and vegetables; traditional consumption, which has high consumption values for bread, dairy, meat, fat and unhealthy consumption rich in the intake of sweets, fast food and seeds. Conclusions. The identified food patterns draw attention to the existence of a category at risk of developing pathology related to inadequate nutrition in pregnancy.

A black dog enters the home: hunger and malnutrition in Malawi

Hunger and inadequate nutrition are ongoing concerns in rural Malawi and are exemplified in traditional proverbs. Traditional proverbs and common expressions offer insight into commonly held truths across societies throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Strong oral traditions allow community beliefs embodied in proverbs to be passed down from generation to generation. In our qualitative study, we conducted 8 individual and 12 focus group interviews with a total of 83 participants across two districts in rural central Malawi with the aim of soliciting context-specific details on men and women’s knowledge, attitudes and practices related to nutrition, gender equality and women’s empowerment. Each interview began by asking participants to share common proverbs related to nutrition. Our qualitative analysis, informed by an indigenous-based theoretical framework that recognises and centres African indigenous knowledge production, yielded six themes: ‘a black dog enters the home’, ‘don’t stay with your hands hanging’, ‘a man is at the stomach’, ‘showers have fallen’, ‘we lack peace in our hearts’ and ‘the hunger season’. Traditional proverbs can provide insight into the underlying causes of hunger and malnutrition. Physicians, nurses and other allied health professionals around the world have a role to play in addressing hunger and malnutrition, which have been exacerbated by climate change. We have an ethical duty to educate ourselves and others, and change our behaviours, to mitigate the root causes of climate change, which are contributing to food insecurity and resultant poor health outcomes in countries like Malawi.

POSITIVE DEVIANCE PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT TO IMPROVE NUTRITION OF CHILDREN IN MOJOSARI VILLAGE, KALITIDU

Nutrition is one of the things that is still a global problem, including in Indonesia. Inadequate nutrition from in the womb to birth can cause various health problems for both mother and baby. One of the health problems that can occur in children under five due to malnutrition is stunting. This community service activity was held in Mojosari Village, Kalitidu, Bojonegoro. Undernutrition of children under five is one of the problems that must be addressed by the village government of Mojosari because based on Posyandu data, it was noted that in 2019 there were 38 underfives who were malnourished. The purpose of this community service is as an effort to improve nutrition for malnourished toddlers in Mojosari Village. The community service stages started from problem identification by obtaining primary and secondary data from observations, FGD, indept interviews and questionnaires as well as data from posyandu, ponkesdes and puskesmas. The data then obtained several lists of problems which were then prioritized using the CARL method so that the priority problem was obtained, namely malnutrition. After that, look for the root of the problem using the problem tree diagram, then prioritize alternative solutions using the MEER method. The results of the calculation of the MEER method found the priority alternative solutions, namely the development of the positive deviance (PD) program. So that the community service program carried out is the BOHLAM HATI Program (Providing Processed Healthy Nutritious Food) which contains a series of activities, namely the provision of nutritious food, the innovation of the RAZIA (Children's Nutrition Report) book, socialization in the form of talk shows, cooking demonstrations, and food decoration competitions. This series of activities is expected to increase the participation of mothers and toddlers in the PD program so that it can improve nutrition and reduce the number of under-five malnutrition.

A Tryptophan-Deficient Diet Induces Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Increases Systemic Inflammation in Aged Mice

The gut microflora is a vital component of the gastrointestinal (GI) system that regulates local and systemic immunity, inflammatory response, the digestive system, and overall health. Older people commonly suffer from inadequate nutrition or poor diets, which could potentially alter the gut microbiota. The essential amino acid (AA) tryptophan (TRP) is a vital diet component that plays a critical role in physiological stress responses, neuropsychiatric health, oxidative systems, inflammatory responses, and GI health. The present study investigates the relationship between varied TRP diets, the gut microbiome, and inflammatory responses in an aged mouse model. We fed aged mice either a TRP-deficient (0.1%), TRP-recommended (0.2%), or high-TRP (1.25%) diet for eight weeks and observed changes in the gut bacterial environment and the inflammatory responses via cytokine analysis (IL-1a, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-27). The mice on the TRP-deficient diets showed changes in their bacterial abundance of Coriobacteriia class, Acetatifactor genus, Lachnospiraceae family, Enterococcus faecalis species, Clostridium sp genus, and Oscillibacter genus. Further, these mice showed significant increases in IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-1a and decreased IL-27 levels. These data suggest a direct association between dietary TRP content, the gut microbiota microenvironment, and inflammatory responses in aged mice models.