Longitudinal changes to quadriceps thickness demonstrate acute sarcopenia following admission to hospital for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215949
Author(s):  
Hamish J C McAuley ◽  
Theresa C Harvey-Dunstan ◽  
Michelle Craner ◽  
Matthew Richardson ◽  
Sally J Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
And Function

Acute admission to hospital for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) may impair skeletal muscle mass and function. We measured quadriceps thickness (Qthick), as a surrogate marker of muscle mass, at hospital admission, discharge, 6 weeks and 3 months in 55 patients with CRD. Qthick fell by 8.3% during the period of hospitalisation, which was sustained at 6 weeks, and only partially recovered at 3 months. Sustained loss was most marked in patients readmitted during the follow-up period. Acute reduction in quadriceps muscle mass occurs during hospitalisation, with prolonged and variable recovery, which is prevented with subsequent hospital readmission.

scholarly journals Temporal Muscle and Stroke—A Narrative Review on Current Meaning and Clinical Applications of Temporal Muscle Thickness, Area, and Volume

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Katsuki ◽  
Yukinari Kakizawa ◽  
Akihiro Nishikawa ◽  
Yasunaga Yamamoto ◽  
Toshiya Uchiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Temporal Muscle ◽  
Disturbance Of Consciousness ◽  
And Function

Background: Evaluating muscle mass and function among stroke patients is important. However, evaluating muscle volume and function is not easy due to the disturbance of consciousness and paresis. Temporal muscle thickness (TMT) has been introduced as a novel surrogate marker for muscle mass, function, and nutritional status. We herein performed a narrative literature review on temporal muscle and stroke to understand the current meaning of the TMT in the clinical stroke practice. Methods: The search was performed in PubMed, last updated in October 2021. Report on temporal muscle morphomics and stroke-related diseases or clinical entities were collected. Results: Four studies reported on TMT and subarachnoid hemorrhage, 2 intracerebral hemorrhage, 2 ischemic stroke, 2 standard TMT values, and 2 nutritional status. TMT was reported as a prognostic factor for several diseases, surrogate markers for skeletal muscle mass, and an indicator of nutritional status. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography were used to measure TMT. Conclusions: TMT is gradually used as a prognostic factor of stroke or surrogate marker for skeletal muscle mass and nutritional status. Establishing standard methods to measure TMT and large prospective studies to investigate the further relationship between TMT and diseases are needed.

scholarly journals Predictors of changes in skeletal muscle mass after esophagectomy in elderly patients with esophageal cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Harada ◽  
Noriatsu Tatematsu ◽  
Junya Ueno ◽  
Yu Koishihara ◽  
Nobuko Konishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Comprehensive Rehabilitation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose : Although a change in skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) 4 months after esophagectomy impacts prognosis, predictors of a change in SMI have not been revealed. The purpose of this exploratory retrospective study was to clarify the predictors of a change in SMI after curative esophagectomy in elderly patients with esophageal cancer.Methods : Fifty-four patients who underwent esophagectomy and perioperative rehabilitation from 2015 to 2018 were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative SMI (cm 2 /m 2 ) were calculated using computed tomography images. The ratio change in SMI was calculated as follows: (postoperative SMI − preoperative SMI) ÷ preoperative SMI × 100%. Potential predictors of a change in SMI ratio were analyzed by multiple regression. Results : The mean ratio change in SMI 4 months after esophagectomy was −7.1% ± 9.4%. The ratio change in quadriceps muscle strength in the first month after surgery ([postoperative strength − preoperative strength] ÷ preoperative strength × 100%) (standardized β = .273, p = .038) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (standardized β = .398, p = .006) were predictors of the ratio change in SMI independent of age, sex, pathological stage, and preoperative SMI. Conclusion : Quadriceps muscle weakness in the first month after esophagectomy and NAC were predictors of the ratio change in SMI after esophagectomy. Continuous postoperative comprehensive rehabilitation and supportive care may inhibit loss of skeletal muscle mass.

scholarly journals NEUROMUSCULAR CHANGES WITH AGING AND SARCOPENIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
B.C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia was originally conceptualized as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Over the ensuing decades, the conceptual definition of sarcopenia has changed to represent a condition in older adults that is characterized by declining muscle mass and function, with “function” most commonly conceived as muscle weakness and/or impaired physical performance (e.g., slow gait speed). Findings over the past 15-years, however, have demonstrated that changes in grip and leg extensor strength are not primarily due to muscle atrophy per se, and that to a large extent, are reflective of declines in the integrity of the nervous system. This article briefly summarizes findings relating to the complex neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to reductions in muscle function associated with advancing age, and the implications of these findings on the development of effective therapies.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia in women with hip fracture: A comparison of hormonal biomarkers and their relationship to skeletal muscle mass and function

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Ming Li Yee ◽  
Raphael Hau ◽  
Alison Taylor ◽  
Mark Guerra ◽  
Peter Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
And Function

Skeletal Muscle Mass Regulation in Critical Illness

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zudin Puthucheary ◽  
Hugh Montgomery ◽  
Nicholas Hart ◽  
Stephen Harridge
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Protein Homeostasis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
And Function ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

Muscle is a dynamic, plastic, and malleable tissue that is highly sensitive to mechanical and metabolic signals. Muscle mass is regulated by protein homeostasis, with protein being continually turned over, reflecting a balance between synthesis and breakdown. This chapter discusses the effect of critical illness on skeletal muscle mass, protein homeostasis, and the intracellular signalling driving anabolism and catabolism. The focus will be on the unique challenges to which the skeletal muscle are exposed, such as inflammation, sepsis, sedation, and inadequate nutrition, which, in combination with the disuse signals of immobilization and bed rest, engender dramatic changes in muscle structure and function. The mechanisms regulating muscle loss during critical illness are being unravelled, but many questions remain unanswered. Detailed understanding of these mechanisms will help drive strategies to minimize or prevent intensive care-acquired muscle weakness and the long-term consequences experienced by ICU survivors.

scholarly journals Protein intake per day and at each daily meal and skeletal muscle mass declines among older community dwellers in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rei Otsuka ◽  
Yuki Kato ◽  
Chikako Tange ◽  
Yukiko Nishita ◽  
Makiko Tomida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Total Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Logistic Modelling ◽  
Community Dwellers

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between protein intake per day and at different meals and skeletal muscle mass declines.Design:Two-year prospective cohort study among older community dwellers.Setting:National Institute for Longevity Sciences–Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) in Japan.Participants:Older men (n 292) and women (n 363) aged 60–87 years who participated in the baseline (2006–2008) and follow-up studies (2008–2010) of NILS-LSA and did not exhibit low skeletal muscle mass at baseline. Muscle mass was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and follow-up. Low muscle mass was defined as skeletal muscle mass index <7·0 kg/m2 for men and <5·4 kg/m2 for women at follow-up. Daily protein intake and protein intake at each meal were calculated from 3 d dietary records at baseline and sex-stratified tertiles were determined.Results:Mean (sd) protein intake at breakfast, lunch and dinner was 22·7 (7·8), 26·7 (9·3) and 37·4 (10·5) g for men and 19·3 (6·3), 23·2 (7·3) and 28·5 (7·0) g for women, respectively. After adjusting for age, baseline skeletal muscle mass and other confounders in logistic modelling, greater total protein intake was associated with lower prevalence of skeletal muscle mass decline among men at follow-up (P = 0·024). Particularly, the OR (95 % CI) for high lunchtime protein intake was low (0·11 (0·02, 0·61); P = 0·01). No significant association between total protein intake and prevalence of skeletal muscle mass decline was found among women.Conclusions:High total protein intake, particularly at lunchtime, is associated with retention of skeletal muscle mass in men.

scholarly journals Clinical impact of sarcopenia assessment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 927-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Marasco ◽  
Matteo Serenari ◽  
Matteo Renzulli ◽  
Luigina Vanessa Alemanni ◽  
Benedetta Rossini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
And Function

Abstract Changes in body composition are associated with poor outcomes in cancer patients including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and function, has been associated with a higher rate of complications and recurrences in patients with cirrhosis and HCC. The assessment of patient general status before HCC treatment, including the presence of sarcopenia, is a key-point for achieving therapy tolerability and to avoid short- and long-term complications leading to poor patients’ survival. Thus, we aimed to review the current literature evaluating the role of sarcopenia assessment related to HCC treatments and to critically provide the clinicians with the most recent and valuable evidence. As a result, sarcopenia can be predictive of poor outcomes in patients undergoing liver resection, transplantation and systemic therapies, offering the chance to clinicians to improve the muscular status of these patients, especially those with high-grade sarcopenia at high risk of mortality. Further studies are needed to clarify the predictive value of sarcopenia in other HCC treatment settings and to evaluate its role as an additional staging tool for identifying the most appropriate treatment. Besides, interventional studies aiming at increasing the skeletal muscle mass for reducing complications and increasing the survival in patients with HCC are needed.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise Habit on Skeletal Muscle Mass Varies with Protein Intake in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Ayumi Kaji ◽  
Ryosuke Sakai ◽  
Fuyuko Takahashi ◽  
Rena Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Exercise Habit

Exercise has been reported to be effective in maintaining and recovering muscle; however, the effect of exercise combined with adequate or inadequate protein intake on muscle mass is not clear. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of exercise habit on changes in muscle mass, with adequate or inadequate protein intake. This retrospective cohort study included 214 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. The rate of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) change (%) was defined as ((SMI at follow-up minus SMI at baseline)/(follow-up years [kg/m2/year] × SMI at baseline [kg/m2])) × 100. Adequate protein intake was defined as protein intake ≥1.2 g/kg ideal body weight/day. During a mean follow-up duration of 18.0 (7.1) months, the rate of SMI change was −1.14 (4.10)% in the whole sample. The rate of SMI change of non-habitual exercisers with inadequate protein intake, habitual exercisers with inadequate protein intake, non-habitual exercisers with adequate protein intake, and habitual exercisers with adequate protein intake was −1.22 (3.71), −2.31 (3.30), −1.88 (4.62), and 0.36 (4.29)%, respectively. Compared with patients with exercise habit and adequate protein intake, the odds ratio for decreasing SMI was 2.50 (0.90–6.90, p = 0.078) in patients with no exercise habit and inadequate protein intake, 3.58 (1.24–10.4, p = 0.019) in those with exercise habit and inadequate protein intake, and 3.03 (1.27–7.22, p = 0.012) in those with no exercise habit and adequate protein intake, after adjusting for covariates. Therefore, exercise habit without adequate protein intake was associated with an increased risk of decreasing SMI compared with exercise habit with adequate protein intake.

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