Tool Path Generation for 5-Axis Rough Cutting Using Haptic Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-815
Author(s):  
Koichi Morishige ◽  
Satoshi Mori ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Haptic Device ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Haptic Devices ◽  
Tool Paths

CAM software is generally used to generate tool paths for 5-axis controlled machining. However, adjusting its several parameters and settings is difficult. We propose a system for tool path generation to be applied to 5-axis controlled machining. The system allows machining movements to be established by manipulating haptic devices in a virtual environment. Therefore, the cutter location for 5-axis machining can be easily controlled by operating a virtual cutting tool. The contact between the cutting tool and the target shape is reflected to the user through the haptic device. The generated path can be converted into a numerical control program for the actual machining of the target object. We detail the implementation of the proposed interface using two haptic devices and a method of tool path generation that improves rough cutting by smoothing the generated cutting points and simplifying the tool postures. The effectiveness of the developed system is confirmed through machining simulations.

Sheet Metal Laser Cutting Tool Path Generation: Dealing with Overlooked Problem Aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Dewil ◽  
Pieter Vansteenwegen ◽  
Dirk Cattrysse
Keyword(s):  
Penalty Function ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Metal Sheet ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Plate Edge ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
Easy Problem

This paper deals with non-trivial problem aspects of laser cutting tool path generation that, to the best of our knowledge, received relatively little attention in the scientific literature. It is shown that some aspects such as plate edge nesting, skeleton and remnant cutting, and clamp positioning can be modeled and solved with little additional effort using existing tool path algorithms. However, concepts such as collision avoidance, pre-cut optimization, and bridge utilization prove to be more challenging and will require more profound algorithmic adjustments if these have to be taken into account fully. An even harder problem aspect is generating tool paths that are thermally feasible. Since laser cutting introduces net heat into the metal sheet, the metal sheet tends to heat up as the cutting progresses. Quality deterioration can occur if the laser spends too much time cutting in the same region. It is shown how to model the easy problem extensions in order to handle them using existing problem approaches and solution approaches are suggested to tackle the harder concepts. In addition, a proof of concept is presented that shows that thermal feasible tool paths can be generated through a multi-start heuristic utilizing a thermal penalty function. A finite difference method iteratively (or concurrently dependent on the used heuristic) evaluates the thermal feasibility and updates the penalty function.

Tool path generation for ultra-precision polishing of freeform optical surfaces in an off-axis three-mirror imaging system

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengpeng Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Shijun Ji ◽  
Ji Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Concentric Circle ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Freeform Surfaces ◽  
Primary Mirror ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
Ultra Precision

The optical performance of the off-axis three-mirror imaging system can be greatly improved using freeform surfaces. This article focuses on the polishing of the primary mirror and tertiary mirror in an off-axis three-mirror imaging system. The primary mirror and tertiary mirror are fabricated on one monolithic substrate and described by non-uniform rational B-spline–based freeform surfaces. The separated and integrated polishing strategies are presented for polishing the two mirrors on the four-axis computer numerical control polishing platform. A tool path generation approach is proposed for polishing of the non-uniform rational B-spline–based freeform surface. Three kinds of the tool paths are given for ultra-precision polishing of the primary mirror and tertiary mirror with the freeform surfaces. The concentric circle path and the approximately concentric circle path are generated for polishing two mirrors separately, while the spiral path is calculated for integrated polishing of two mirrors simultaneously. The polishing tool posture along the planned tool paths is also analyzed. The ultra-precision polishing experiments of the primary mirror and tertiary mirror on the four-axis computer numerical control polishing platform are performed to verify the proposed approach for tool path generation.

Study on Tool-Path Generation for Ultra-Precision Machining of Optical Lens Array

2012 ◽  
Vol 516 ◽  
pp. 595-599
Author(s):  
Kui Liu ◽  
Pei Ling Liu ◽  
Hu Wu ◽  
Kah Chuan Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Precision Machining ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Software Platform ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Lens Array ◽  
Ultra Precision

In this study, a computer numerical control (CNC) programming software platform for ultra precision machining of optical surfaces was developed based on an MS Windows application framework and openGL. Using cylindrical coordinates, the tool path can be generated based on the polar angle, radius and a linear coordinate of the Z-axis, as well as cutting tool nose radius compensation. A 3D simulation based on tool path generation was developed for machining verification, which largely reduces the oscillation of the machine during the ultra precision machining process. Ultra precision machining of an optical lens array was carried out on a 5-axis ultra precision machining centre using a single crystalline diamond cutter. The experimental results indicated that the oscillation effect can be largely reduced using the cutting tool path using a super steady machining strategy. This software platform is designed as a framework, where the capability and functions can be expanded by adding in more freeform surface packages.

scholarly journals Spiral Tool Path Generation Method on Mesh Surfaces Guided by Radial Curves

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinting Xu ◽  
Yukun Ji ◽  
Yuwen Sun ◽  
Yuan-Shin Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
Spiral Tool Path ◽  
Mesh Surface

This paper presents a new spiral smoothing method to generate smooth curved tool paths directly on mesh surfaces. Spiral tool paths are preferable for computer numerical control (CNC) milling, especially for high-speed machining. At present, most spiral tool path generation methods aim mainly for pocketing, and a few methods for machining complex surface also suffer from some inherent problems, such as selection of projecting direction, preprocessing of complex offset contours, easily affected by the mesh or mesh deformation. To address the limitations, a new spiral tool path method is proposed, in which the radial curves play a key role as the guiding curves for spiral tool path generation. The radial curve is defined as one on the mesh surface that connects smoothly one point on the mesh surface and its boundary. To reduce the complexity of constructing the radial curves directly on the mesh surface, the mesh surface is first mapped onto a circular region. In this region, the radial lines, starting from the center, are planned and then mapped inversely onto the mesh surface, thereby forming the desired radial curves. By traversing these radial curves using the proposed linear interpolation method, a polyline spiral is generated, and then, the unfavorable overcuts and undercuts are identified and eliminated by supplementing additional spiral points. Spline-based technique of rounding the corners is also discussed to smooth the polyline spiral, thereby obtaining a smooth continuous spiral tool path. This method is able to not only greatly simplify the construction of radial curves and spiral tool path but also to have the ability of processing and smoothing complex surfaces. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposed method.

Study of The Tool Path Generation Method of an Ultra-Precision Spherical Complex Surface Based on a Five-Axis Machine Tool

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianji Xing ◽  
Xuesen Zhao ◽  
Zhipeng Cui ◽  
Rongkai Tan ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
Spherical Surfaces ◽  
Spherical Complex ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Five Axis

Abstract The improvement of ultra-precision machining technology has significantly boosted the demand for the surface quality and surface accuracy of the workpieces to be machined. However, the geometric shapes of workpiece surfaces cannot be adequately manufactured with simple plane, cylindrical, or spherical surfaces because of their different applications in various fields. In this research, a method was proposed to generate tool paths for the machining of complex spherical surfaces based on an ultra-precise five-axis turning and milling machine with a C-Y-Z-X-B structure. Through the proposed tool path generation method, ultra-precise complex spherical surface machining was achieved. First, the complex spherical surface model was modeled and calculated, and then it was combined with the designed model to generate the tool path. Then the tool paths were generated with a numerically controlled (NC) program. Based on an ultra-precision three-coordinate measuring instrument and a white light interferometer, the machining accuracy of a workpiece surface was characterized, and t[1]he effectiveness of the provided tool path generation method was verified. The surface roughness of the machined workpiece was less than 90 nm. Furthermore, the surface roughness within the spherical region appeared to be less than 30 nm. The presented tool path generation method in this research produced ultra-precision spherical complex surfaces. The method could be applied to complex spherical surfaces with other characteristics.

Use of a virtual milling system to generate power-aware tool paths for 2.5-dimensional pocket machining

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (13) ◽  
pp. 2419-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Manuel Ochoa González ◽  
Joao Carlos Espindola Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Pocket Machining ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Tool Paths

Traditional (direction-parallel and contour-parallel) and non-traditional (trochoidal) tool paths are generated by specialized geometric algorithms based on the pocket shape and various parameters. However, the tool paths generated with those methods do not usually consider the required machining power. In this work, a method for generating power-aware tool paths is presented, which uses the power consumption estimation for the calculation of the tool path. A virtual milling system was developed to integrate with the tool path generation algorithm in order to obtain tool paths with precise power requirement control. The virtual milling system and the tests used to calibrate it are described within this article, as well as the proposed tool path generation algorithm. Results from machining a test pocket are presented, including the real and the estimated power requirements. Those results were compared with a contour-parallel tool path strategy, which has a shorter machining time but has higher in-process power consumption.

Tool Path Generation Method of Equal Approximation Error for Free-Form Surface in High Speed Machining

2010 ◽  
Vol 102-104 ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Jiang Zhou ◽  
Hong Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Approximation Error ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
High Speed Machining ◽  
Free Form Surface

The development of surface high-speed machining has put forward higher demands for uniform cutting load and smooth cutting tool path. Most current tool-path planning methods are based on constant scallop height, but they have the disadvantage of path point redundancy during the path discretization process. To overcome the problem, a tool path generation method of equal approximation error in each step for free-form surface is presented based on geodesic principle and curvature judgment. In this method, the NURBS curve is employed to realize smooth transition for adjacent two tool paths in high-speed machining. A certain angle of inclination of flat-end milling cutter during multi-axis machining improves the machining efficiency. Because of the advantage of this machining condition, the cutter location point generation algorithm during the machining condition is given by the method. The method is verified and simulated by C++. Experiment results proved that it can obtain uniform cutting load and continuous smooth cutting tool path during surface high-speed machining by the proposed method.

Tool Path Generation Based on B-Spline Wavelets

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranga Narayanaswami ◽  
Junhua Pang
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Tool Path Generation ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Algebraic Complexity ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Object Boundary ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Offset Curves

Abstract Tool path generation is a fundamental problem in numerical control machining. Typical methods used for machining 2.5D objects include generation of offset contours using trimmed offset curves and zigzag sequences. The offset contours result in unnecessary detailed curves far away from the object boundary. The zigzag sequences result in frequent stops and changes in tool direction. In this paper we present a novel approach for tool path generation based on wavelet theory. The theory of wavelets naturally leads to a simple cut sequence algorithm that provides valid and efficient coverage of the machined surface. The classical analytical and algebraic complexity in tool path planning is also reduced. In this paper, curves are represented by endpoint interpolating B-splines and their corresponding wavelets. Design and manufacturing examples are also presented in this paper.

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