Synthetic Biology and Dual Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-704
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kiga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Modifying Genes ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Gene Recombinant

Synthetic biology is science or technology concerning layers of life such as individuals, organs, cells. In this field, components of a layer are combined to construct a system in the upper layer. This paper focuses on studies, at a layer related to gene recombinant experiments, modifying genes and combining multiple genes. By introducing research accomplishments in synthetic biology such as gene networks and synthesis of the whole genome, this paper explains how synthetic biology is an extension of conventional gene engineering and the field of interdisciplinary open innovation. The risks of synthetic biology and risk reduction methods are also introduced.

scholarly journals Risk Reduction Methods for Managing the Development of Regional Electric Power Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kozhevnikov ◽  
Lazar Gitelman ◽  
Elena Magaril ◽  
Romen Magaril ◽  
Alexandra Aristova
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Reduction Methods

Biomolecular Systems Engineering: Unlocking the Potential of Engineered Allostery via the Lactose Repressor Topology

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Groseclose ◽  
Ronald E. Rondon ◽  
Ashley N. Hersey ◽  
Prasaad T. Milner ◽  
Dowan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Biomolecular Systems ◽  
Lactose Repressor ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Allosteric Communication ◽  
Logical Operations

Allosteric function is a critical component of many of the parts used to construct gene networks throughout synthetic biology. In this review, we discuss an emerging field of research and education, biomolecular systems engineering, that expands on the synthetic biology edifice—integrating workflows and strategies from protein engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science principles. We focus on the role of engineered allosteric communication as it relates to transcriptional gene regulators—i.e., transcription factors and corresponding unit operations. In this review, we ( a) explore allosteric communication in the lactose repressor LacI topology, ( b) demonstrate how to leverage this understanding of allostery in the LacI system to engineer non-natural BUFFER and NOT logical operations, ( c) illustrate how engineering workflows can be used to confer alternate allosteric functions in disparate systems that share the LacI topology, and ( d) demonstrate how fundamental unit operations can be directed to form combinational logical operations. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 50 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Consumer Rankings of Risk Reduction Methods

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Roselius
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Research Findings

When a buyer perceives risk in a purchase he can pursue different strategies of risk resolution. This article presents research findings which indicate that consumers have preferences for different methods of risk reduction associated with various types of loss.

How the science of injury prevention contributes to advancing home fire safety in the USA: successes and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i7-i13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C Gielen ◽  
Shannon Frattaroli ◽  
Keshia M Pollack ◽  
Corinne Peek-Asa ◽  
Jingzhen G Yang
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Smoke Alarms ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Control Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Community Environments

BackgroundIn the decades since the landmark report-America Burning-was published in 1973, the number of home fire deaths has shrunk from >5500 per year to 2650 in 2015. This paper: (1) describes how science and practice in injury prevention and fire and life safety contributed to successful interventions, and (2) identifies emerging strategies and future opportunities to prevent home fire-related deaths.MethodsThe aims are addressed through the lens of population health research, with a focus on the work of selected Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded Injury Control Research Centers. Results are organised using the Haddon Matrix and an ecological model.ResultsWe found evidence to support interventions that address all components of both the matrix and the model, including: reduced ignition propensity cigarettes, stop smoking campaigns, housing codes, residential sprinkler systems, smoke alarms, community risk reduction, school-based educational programmes, and fire and burn response systems. Future reductions are likely to come from enhancing residential sprinkler and smoke alarm technology, and increasing their utilisation; expanding the use of community risk reduction methods; and implementing new technological solutions. Despite the successes, substantial disparities in home fire death rates remain, reflecting underlying social determinants of health.ConclusionMost of the evidence-supported interventions were focused on changing the policy and community environments to prevent home fires and reduce injury when a fire occurs. Future prevention efforts should give high priority to addressing the continued disparities in home fire deaths.

scholarly journals Regulating synthetic gene networks in 3D materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (38) ◽  
pp. 15217-15222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Deans ◽  
Anirudha Singh ◽  
Matthew Gibson ◽  
Jennifer H. Elisseeff
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Matrix

Combining synthetic biology and materials science will enable more advanced studies of cellular regulatory processes, in addition to facilitating therapeutic applications of engineered gene networks. One approach is to couple genetic inducers into biomaterials, thereby generating 3D microenvironments that are capable of controlling intrinsic and extrinsic cellular events. Here, we have engineered biomaterials to present the genetic inducer, IPTG, with different modes of activating genetic circuits in vitro and in vivo. Gene circuits were activated in materials with IPTG embedded within the scaffold walls or chemically linked to the matrix. In addition, systemic applications of IPTG were used to induce genetic circuits in cells encapsulated into materials and implanted in vivo. The flexibility of modifying biomaterials with genetic inducers allows for patterned placement of these inducers that can be used to generate distinct patterns of gene expression. Together, these genetically interactive materials can be used to characterize genetic circuits in environments that more closely mimic cells’ natural 3D settings, to better explore complex cell–matrix and cell–cell interactions, and to facilitate therapeutic applications of synthetic biology.

scholarly journals Nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods for synthetic biology biobricks’ visualization

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoyun Yang ◽  
Haipeng Wang ◽  
Huitong Ding ◽  
Ning An ◽  
Gil Alterovitz
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction ◽  
Reduction Methods

scholarly journals Synthetic Biology: Risks and Prospects

2014 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
G. G. Onishchenko ◽  
V. V. Kutyrev ◽  
G. N. Odinokov ◽  
V. A. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Gene Engineering ◽  
Biological Risk ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Advanced System

New area of biological studies that goes under general name of “synthetic biology” is a next step in the development of gene engineering associated with design and construction of unique biological systems with “preset” functions and properties, having no natural analogues. Nowadays synthetic biology is a source of innovations that offer solution to a number of global problems facing the humanity, including production of artificial genome-based multi-diagnostic panels, medicinal preparations, synthetic vaccine, etc. The process of unnatural life form creation requires conduction of monitoring both on the international and national scales using advanced system of biological risk assessment.

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