Development of Tsunami Fragility Functions for Ground-Level Roads

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Maruyama ◽  
◽  
Osamu Itagaki
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Fragility Function ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Tsunami Fragility ◽  
The Relationship

In exploring the relationship between ground-level road damage ratios and tsunami inundation depths following the 2011 Pacific Coast Tohoku earthquake in Japan, we focused on road damage components, excluding elevated roads, bridges, and tunnels. The damage ratio is defined as the number of damage incidents per kilometer. We used the damage dataset compiled by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. We propose four fragility function zones for ground-level roads based on differences in topographical features. We studied these zones based on numerical simulation results of tsunami propagation.

scholarly journals Developing fragility functions for the areas affected by the 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
H. Gokon ◽  
S. Koshimura ◽  
K. Imai ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
Y. Namegaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Hydrodynamic Force ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Tsunami Fragility

Abstract. Fragility functions in terms of flow depth, flow velocity and hydrodynamic force are developed to evaluate structural vulnerability in the areas affected by the 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami. First, numerical simulations of tsunami propagation and inundation are conducted to reproduce the features of tsunami inundation. To validate the results, flow depths measured in field surveys and waveforms measured by Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) gauges are utilized. Next, building damage is investigated by manually detecting changes between pre- and post-tsunami high-resolution satellite images. Finally, the data related to tsunami features and building damage are integrated using GIS, and tsunami fragility functions are developed based on the statistical analyses.

scholarly journals Developing fragility functions for aquaculture rafts and eelgrass in the case of the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anawat Suppasri ◽  
Kentaro Fukui ◽  
Kei Yamashita ◽  
Natt Leelawat ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Fragility Function ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
2011 Japan Tsunami ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Tsunami Fragility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Since the two devastating tsunamis in 2004 (Indian Ocean) and 2011 (Great East Japan), new findings have emerged on the relationship between tsunami characteristics and damage in terms of fragility functions. Human loss and damage to buildings and infrastructures are the primary target of recovery and reconstruction; thus, such relationships for offshore properties and marine ecosystems remain unclear. To overcome this lack of knowledge, this study used the available data from two possible target areas (Mangokuura Lake and Matsushima Bay) from the 2011 Japan tsunami. This study has three main components: 1) reproduction of the 2011 tsunami, 2) damage investigation and 3) fragility function development. First, the source models of the 2011 tsunami were verified and adjusted to reproduce the tsunami characteristics in the target areas. Second, the damage ratio of the aquaculture raft and eelgrass was investigated using satellite images taken before and after the 2011 tsunami through visual inspection and binarization. Third, the tsunami fragility functions were developed using the relationship between the simulated tsunami characteristics and the estimated damage ratio. Based on the statistical analysis results, fragility functions were developed for Mangokuura Lake, and the flow velocity was the main contributor to the damage instead of the wave amplitude. For example, the damage ratio above 0.9 was found to be equal to the maximum flow velocities of 1.3 m/s (aquaculture raft) and 3.0 m/s (eelgrass) This finding is consistent with the previously proposed damage criterion of 1 m/s for the aquaculture raft. This study is the first step in the development of damage assessment and planning for marine products and environmental factors to mitigate the effects of future tsunamis.

scholarly journals Developing fragility functions for the areas affected by the 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3231-3241 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gokon ◽  
S. Koshimura ◽  
K. Imai ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
Y. Namegaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Region ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Tsunami Fragility

Abstract. Fragility functions in terms of flow depth, flow velocity and hydrodynamic force are developed to evaluate structural vulnerability in the areas affected by the 2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami. First, numerical simulations of tsunami propagation and inundation are conducted to reproduce the features of tsunami inundation. To validate the results, flow depths measured in field surveys and waveforms measured by Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) gauges are utilized. Next, building damage is investigated by visually interpreting changes between pre- and post-tsunami high-resolution satellite images. Finally, the data related to tsunami features and building damage are integrated using Geographic Information System (GIS), and tsunami fragility functions are developed based on the statistical analyses. From the developed fragility functions, we quantitatively understood the vulnerability of a coastal region in American Samoa characterized by steep terrains and ria coasts.

scholarly journals Developing fragility functions for aquaculture rafts and eelgrass in the case of the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anawat Suppasri ◽  
Kentaro Fukui ◽  
Kei Yamashita ◽  
Natt Leelawat ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Fragility Functions ◽  
Fragility Function ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
2011 Japan Tsunami ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Tsunami Fragility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Since the two devastating tsunamis in 2004 (Indian Ocean) and 2011 (Great East Japan), new findings have emerged on the relationship between tsunami characteristics and damage in terms of fragility functions. Human loss and damage to buildings and infrastructures are the primary target of recovery and reconstruction; thus, such relationships for offshore properties and marine ecosystems remain unclear. To overcome this lack of knowledge, this study used the available data from two possible target areas (Mangokuura Lake and Matsushima Bay) from the 2011 Japan tsunami. This study has three main components: (1) reproduction of the 2011 tsunami, (2) damage investigation, and (3) fragility function development. First, the source models of the 2011 tsunami were verified and adjusted to reproduce the tsunami characteristics in the target areas. Second, the damage ratio (complete damage) of the aquaculture raft and eelgrass was investigated using satellite images taken before and after the 2011 tsunami through visual inspection and binarization. Third, the tsunami fragility functions were developed using the relationship between the simulated tsunami characteristics and the estimated damage ratio. Based on the statistical analysis results, fragility functions were developed for Mangokuura Lake, and the flow velocity was the main contributor to the damage instead of the wave amplitude. For example, the damage ratio above 0.9 was found to be equal to the maximum flow velocities of 1.3 m s−1 (aquaculture raft) and 3.0 m s−1 (eelgrass). This finding is consistent with the previously proposed damage criterion of 1 m s−1 for the aquaculture raft. This study is the first step in the development of damage assessment and planning for marine products and environmental factors to mitigate the effects of future tsunamis.

Estimation of Tsunami-Inundated Areas in Asahi City, Chiba Prefecture, after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 201-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Maruyama ◽  
Ken Kitamura ◽  
Fumio Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Chiba Prefecture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Collapsed Buildings ◽  
The Relationship

The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku-oki earthquake triggered an extremely large tsunami. The authors conducted a field survey in Asahi City, Chiba Prefecture, after the occurrence of the earthquake. Although located farther away from the source region of the earthquake, there was still significant damage in this area. Tsunami-inundated areas in Asahi City were identified from the map developed by disaster relief volunteers and the satellite images captured after the event. Polygons to demonstrate the tsunami-inundated areas were developed in the geographic information system. The authors compared the identified affected areas with the existing tsunami hazard map of Asahi City. The relationship between the tsunami-inundated areas and the locations of seawalls and tide-prevention forests was evaluated. In addition, a numerical simulation of tsunami propagation was performed and the ratio of totally collapsed buildings to the total number of buildings, that is, damage ratio, in terms of the estimated inundation depths was evaluated.

Tsunami Fragility — A New Measure to Identify Tsunami Damage —

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Koshimura ◽  
◽  
Yuichi Namegaya ◽  
Hideaki Yanagisawa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Tsunami Inundation ◽  
Fragility Function ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Damage Probability ◽  
Tsunami Damage ◽  
Historical Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Tsunami Fragility

Tsunami fragility (fragility curve, or fragility function) is a new measure, we propose, for estimating structural damage and fatalities due to tsunami attack, by integrating satellite remote sensing, field survey, numerical modeling, and historical data analysis with geographic information system (GIS). Tsunami fragility is expressed as the structural damage probability or fatality ratio related to hydrodynamic features of tsunami inundation flow, such as inundation depth, current velocity and hydrodynamic force. It expands the capability of estimating potential tsunami damage in a quantitative manner.

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