A Review of Studies on the Washback Effect of National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in China (2011-2020)

<p>This paper reviews the washback studies in National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in the past decade (2011-2020). There are 36 Chinese works of literature collected from CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), all of which are searched by keywords "National Matriculation English Test "(NMET) and "washback effect". And This literature is divided into two levels: micro level and macro level. The micro-level includes 5 categories, and the macro-level includes 3 categories. After analyzing and discussing, the researcher finds that: (1) The research has increased sharply before 2018 and is greatly influenced by policies; (2) The proportion of empirical research is equal to that of non-material research, which is dominated by empirical research at present; (3) The research mainly involves the washback effect of NMET, its reform and test typesetting at the macro level; Micro-level listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar filling washback. Through the analysis, it is found that the main problems of the research on the washback effect of NMET include lack of innovation, neglect of listening and speaking skills, lack of depth of research, little attention to students -the subject of the test, and neglect of the long-term effect of the washback. Finally, some suggestions are put forward based on the above problems.</p>

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How to Improve Departmental Faculty Wellness in the Workplace

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.581 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 581-585

Author(s):

Hua Li

Keyword(s):

Macro Level ◽

Micro Level ◽

Physical Wellness ◽

Wellness Strategies

This paper highlights the importance of departmental faculty wellness within a workplace and the development of wellness strategies as well as program including departmental wellness tips and program for improving physical wellness. This project is based on establishing a set of long-term wellness strategies from both macro-level and micro-level. Both department and faculties should take responsibility to contribute to the improvement of institutional faculty wellness from physical, emotional, spiritual, social, mental, resourceful and environmental dimensions.

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The Boll Weevil Versus “King Cotton”

The Journal of Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0022050700034537 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 627-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kent Osband

Keyword(s):

Supply And Demand ◽

Boll Weevil ◽

Demand Elasticity ◽

Macro Level ◽

Micro Level ◽

Demand Shifts ◽

Long Term Impact

The boll weevil's impact on southern agriculture poses a dilemma. Micro-level evidence suggests the weevil triggered a transition out of cotton, but macro-level indicators fail to register much long-term impact. Econometric simulation of boll weevil impact—taking into account the low demand elasticity for southern cotton, differences between states in the timing and levels of infestation, and long-term supply and demand shifts independent of the weevil—shows that the two sets of evidence are not inconsistent.

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Comprehensive Exploration of Social Organization Literature in Chinese by Bibliometric Analysis from 1994 to 2014

The China Nonprofit Review ◽

10.1163/18765149-12341295 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 264-289

Author(s):

Chen Min ◽

Liu Yuanhao

Keyword(s):

Social Organization ◽

Bibliometric Analysis ◽

Chinese Literature ◽

Research Area ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Publication Patterns ◽

Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Subject Categories ◽

Organization Research

A bibliometric analysis is applied in this research to evaluate the trends of social organization research between 1994 and 2014 in published Chinese literature of all subject categories from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (cnki) database. Document types, publication patterns, subject categories, journal articles, top cited papers, and long-term distribution of keyword networks are thoroughly examined. Bibliographic information is used to summarize the overall research trends, themes, and academic trajectorys of this research area. The study indicates that over the past 20 years, the development of China’s social organization research has four stages. In addition, both theoretical and practical explorations of China’s social organization research are growing progressively with a shift of research focus from Westernization to localization, from civil society to public service, and from small independent researchers to a discourse system of significant scale.

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Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Long-Term Outcomes of Snakebite in Taiwan

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12020132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Teng-I Huang ◽

Ching-Liang Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Theses And Dissertations

Herein, we review the characteristics of the six predominant venomous snakes in Taiwan and the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the long-term outcomes of snakebite venom. We electronically searched databases, including PubMed, ClinicalKey, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan, and Airiti Library, from their inception to November 2019 by using the following Medical Subject Headings’ keywords: snakebite, long-term, chronic, Chinese medicine, CAM, herb, and Taiwan. The most common long-term effects of snakebite envenomation include “migraine-like syndrome”, brain injuries caused by hypoxia or intracranial hemorrhage, and chronic kidney disease. In addition, hypopituitarism is also worth mentioning. Traditional Chinese medicine can potentially be used in a complementary or alternative treatment for these effects, but additional studies are needed.

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Lacan, Identities, and Organizations

The Oxford Handbook of Identities in Organizations ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827115.013.19 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 184-199

Author(s):

Kate Kenny

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Organizational Identification ◽

Identity Work ◽

Social Structures ◽

Macro Level ◽

Future Directions ◽

Psychoanalytic Approach ◽

Micro Level ◽

Shed Light

Lacan’s ideas shed light on why and how we are influenced by social structures including the organizations for which we work. This chapter explores how his insights have informed studies of identities in organizations, along with the obstacles to, and potentialities for, further research. The chapter begins by locating Lacan’s work in organizational identification scholarship, specifically the psychoanalytic approach, before offering an interpretation of concepts including signification and subjection. Two more-or-less distinct trajectories of Lacanian approaches to organizational identification are presented: one focuses on the micro-level of employees’ engagements with their organizations, the second examines the appeal of macro-level discourses regarding work and capital. Next, specific concepts inherent in a Lacanian approach to organizational identification are outlined including: affect, ‘going beyond’ subjection, gender, and finally methodological implications for empirical research. The author then discusses future ‘impossibilities’ for the study of organizational identification, and problematizes the use of Lacan’s approach in explorations of identity work. The chapter concludes with some future directions for research.

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Dementia and sexuality in long-term care: Incompatible bedfellows?

Dementia ◽

10.1177/14713012211056253 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147130122110562

Author(s):

Alisa Grigorovich ◽

Pia Kontos ◽

Ann Heesters ◽

Lori Schindel Martin ◽

Julia Gray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Members ◽

Macro Level ◽

Future Research ◽

Sexual Expression ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Term Care ◽

Dementia Research ◽

Micro Level ◽

Depth Interviews

Despite the recognized benefits of sexual expression and its importance in the lives of people living with dementia, research demonstrates that there are multiple barriers to its positive expression (e.g., expression that is pleasurable and free of coercion, discrimination, and violence) in RLTC homes. These barriers constitute a form of discrimination based on age and ability, and violate the rights of persons living with dementia to dignity, autonomy, and participation in everyday life and society. Drawing on a human rights approach to dementia and sexual expression, we explored the experiences of diverse professionals, family members, and persons living with dementia with explicit attention to the ways in which macro-level dynamics are influencing the support, or lack thereof, for sexual expression at the micro level. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 participants, and the collected data were analyzed thematically. While all participants acknowledged that intimacy and sexual expression of persons living with dementia should be supported, rarely is such expression supported in practice. Micro-level factors included negative attitudes of professionals toward sexual expression by persons living with dementia, their discomfort with facilitating intimacy and sexual expression in the context of their professional roles, their anxieties regarding potential negative reactions from family members, and concerns about sanctions for failing to prevent abuse. In our analysis, we importantly trace these micro-level factors to macro-level factors. The latter include the cultural stigma associated with dementia, ageism, ableism, and erotophobia, all of which are reproduced in, and reinforced by, professionals’ education, as well as legal and professional standards that exclusively focus on managing and safeguarding residents from abuse. Our analysis demonstrates a complexity that has enormous potential to inform future research that is critically needed for the development of educational initiatives and to promote policy changes in this area.

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