Trends in Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Brazil: 2006–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-738
Author(s):  
Emanuella Gomes Maia ◽  
Sheila Rizzato Stopa ◽  
Roberta de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Rafael Moreira Claro
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
The Past ◽  
Annual Prevalence ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Current Cigarette

Objectives. To analyze trends in cigarette smoking among Brazilian adults from 2006 to 2019. Methods. We performed a time-series analysis based on data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases Telephone Survey (n = 730 309). We calculated the annual prevalence of current cigarette smokers, heavy smokers, and passive smokers in the workplace and investigated linear trends using Prais–Winsten regression, for the entire period and for the past 5 years. We performed the analyses for the total population and according to the sociodemographic characteristics. Results. The prevalence of cigarette smoking, heavy smoking, and passive smoking in the workplace declined, respectively, an average of 3.99% per year, 5.65% per year, and 6.55% per year from 2006 to 2019. We observed this reduction regardless of gender, age, educational level, and geographic region. The magnitude of reduction in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking decreased in the past 5 years, while the magnitude of the change in heavy smoking increased. Conclusions. The prevalence of cigarette smoking decreased in the time period studied. The smaller magnitude of reduction for current cigarette smoking in the most recent years might indicate a fatigue with the current policy scenario.

Disparities in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among bisexual people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055747
Author(s):  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
Travis Salway ◽  
Benjamin Ahn ◽  
Lori E Ross
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Meta Regression

ObjectiveTo review the bisexual-specific prevalence and likelihood of cigarette smoking relative to lesbian/gay and heterosexual individuals.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus and LGBT Life databases (from 1995 to September 2019) for studies reporting cigarette smoking among bisexuals versus their comparators.Study selectionObservational, quantitative, peer-reviewed studies providing estimates for lifetime, past 30 days or current cigarette smoking among bisexuals and any of the two comparators were selected.Data extractionData on sexual orientation groups, cigarette smoking, sample type and mechanism, data collection mode, country and median year, as well as gender and age groups were extracted.Data synthesisRandom-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled OR (95% CIs) of cigarette smoking. Meta-regression was used to examine the difference in the prevalence of cigarette smoking by study and sample characteristics. Of 4663 unduplicated records, 47 unique studies were included (14, 23 and 22 studies on lifetime, past 30 days and current cigarette smoking, respectively). Compared with lesbians/gays and heterosexuals, bisexuals were 1.25 (1.15 to 1.37) and 2.18 (1.84 to 2.59) times more likely to report lifetime smoking, 1.17 (1.08 to 1.27) and 2.49 (2.20 to 2.83) times more likely to report past 30 days smoking and 1.19 (1.00 to 1.43) and 2.26 (1.97 to 2.59) times more likely to report current smoking. Gender was a significant covariate in the meta-regression models.ConclusionsCigarette smoking was more prevalent among bisexuals than lesbians/gays and heterosexuals, with the estimates showing a greater magnitude among bisexual women relative to all other sexual orientation/gender subgroups.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of current cigarette smoking and secondhand smoking among Greek adolescents: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2013 study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e034760 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rachiotis ◽  
Anastasia Barbouni ◽  
Athanasios Basagiannis ◽  
Antonis Katsioulis ◽  
Konstantinos Kostikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Secondhand Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette

ObjectivesSmoking prevalence in Greece is considered high within the European Union and the collection of evidence on tobacco use among adolescents is of vital importance in order to develop effective smoking prevention and cessation programmes.DesignCross-sectional.SettingGreece.Primary and secondary outcome measuresGlobal Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a national representative, paper-and-pencil, cross-sectional, school-based study of students at ages 13–15 years. The survey employed a multistage cluster sample design with schools selected proportional to enrolment size. Finally, 4618/5127 students aged 13–15 years participated in the survey. The school response rate was 98.1%, the student response rate was 90.1% and the overall response rate was 88.4%.ResultsThe prevalence of current cigarette smoking was estimated at 10.1% (10.4% in GYTS 2005) and of exposure to secondhand smoking in public places at 67.4% (94.1% in GYTS 2005). The vast majority of the adolescents (82.1%) supported the banning of smoking inside enclosed public places. Most of the current smokers (90.8%) were not prevented/refused purchase because of their age according to existing law. Multivariate analysis showed that peer influence (OR=48.32; 95% CI 36.2 to 64.48), pocket money (OR=2.63; 95% CI 1.28 to 3.41), increasing age (OR=2.35; 95% CI 1.63 to 3.39) and low educational level of father (OR=2.82; 95% CI 1.7 to 4.68) were risk factors independently associated with current cigarette smoking.ConclusionsDespite the existence of strict laws related to tobacco control, exposure to secondhand smoking among Greek students remained high even when compared with GYTS in 2005. This is likely a result of weak enforcement, what is really missing is the enforcement of the related legislation.

Acetonitrile as a possible marker of current cigarette smoking

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 658-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Houeto ◽  
JR Hoffman ◽  
P. Got ◽  
B. Dang Vu ◽  
FJ Band
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Acetonitrile Concentration ◽  
Sensitive Marker

Volatile nitriles are present in cigarette smoke. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of any of four nitriles in the blood can serve as a marker of recent cigarette smoking. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of these nitriles as indicators of daily cigarette smoking in 24 smokers (Group A) and 18 non-smokers (Group B), as well as the correlation between intensity of daily smoking and the blood concentration of acetonitrile. A new head space GLC assay method was used. Of the four nitriles, only acetonitrile was present in the blood of any study subject. Acetonitrile was moderately sensitive (67%) and entirely specific (100%) for self-reported daily smoking. There was fair correlation between blood acetonitrile concentration and the average daily number of cigarettes smoked (r2=0.39; P=0.001), and the mean blood acetonitrile concentration was significantly higher (P=0.03) among subjects with higher ( > 10 cigarettes per day) current cigarette exposure (148.3 ± 18.0 ?g/l) than among smokers with low or minimal (1-10 cigarettes per day) exposure (43.3 ± 6.0 ?g/l). Thus, acetonitrile in blood appears to be highly specific and a moderately sensitive marker of cigarette smoking with a dose-effect relationship. As such, acetonitrile shows promise as a marker of current cigarette exposure.

scholarly journals Current Cigarette Smoking Among HIV-Positive Current and Former Drug Users: Associations with Individual and Social Characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1368-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R. Pacek ◽  
Carl Latkin ◽  
Rosa M. Crum ◽  
Elizabeth A. Stuart ◽  
Amy R. Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Positive Current ◽  
Current Cigarette

Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Iran

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmadi Jamshid ◽  
Hosein Khalili ◽  
Reza Jooybar ◽  
Nooreddin Namazi ◽  
Pedram Mohammadagaei
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

The current research assessed the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Shiraz, Iran by randomly selecting 1,335 subjects (782 men and 553 women) from the city for a face-to-face interview and completion of a questionnaire. Of the participants, 205 (26%) of the men and 20 (3.6%) of the women reported being current smokers. The mean ages of smokers and nonsmokers were 41.8 and 37.0 yr., respectively (range between 16 and 90 years for smokers and nonsmokers). The mean age of starting to smoke cigarettes was 21.3 yr. (range of 10 to 60). The most common reasons for current cigarette smoking were Need to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Release of tension, and Pleasurable purposes. Foreign filter-tipped cigarettes were the most common type consumed. The mean number of cigarettes per day was 13.4 ( SD = 10.3). Reports for onset of cigarette smoking included Modeling. Release of tension, and Pleasurable purposes. Cigarette smoking was reported by more males than females. The most common reason for onset of cigarette smoking was different from that for current smoking. Frequencies of smokers within age groups were varied.

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