scholarly journals Pepsin and laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yi Yin ◽  
Sha-Sha Zhang ◽  
Jiang-Tao Zhong ◽  
Shui-Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Clinical Detection ◽  
Mechanism Of Carcinogenesis

Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas are common malignant tumors of the head and neck, which are both exhibiting increasing incidences. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx, and/or nasopharynx. There remains controversy regarding whether laryngopharyngeal reflux is a risk factor for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The refluxing substances mainly include hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and occasionally bile acids and bile salts, as well as bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of epithelium in the mucous membrane of the throat is presumably caused by pepsin. Here, we review the relationships between laryngopharyngeal reflux and both laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas, as well as the significance of pepsin, methods of clinical detection, and the mechanism of carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux with Reflux Finding Score (RFS).

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Irfan UL Shamas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Management ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Reflux Finding Score ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Gastric Contents

Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) also known as extra esophageal reflux disease refers to retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aero-digestive tract. Belafsky, Postma, and Koufman have developed the reflux finding score (RFS) to diagnose LPR. My aim was to test the score in patients with LPR to reveal the validity and effectiveness of present medical management based on changes in RFS.Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with LPR were examined prospectively in District Hospital Pulwamawith 70 degree Hopkins endoscope and RFS was evaluated both before start and completion of a set medical management with lifestyle modifications. 76.7% patients reported symptomatic improvement after one month of treatment. There was no significant quantitative decrease in RFS after one month of treatment.Conclusion: Based on this study RFS is a reliable and quantitative system to evaluate and follow up patients at the time of diagnosis and subsequent evaluation after therapy.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 105-108

Application of Immunohistochemistry to Liver and Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Liver, Stomach, Colon, and Pancreas

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Geller ◽  
Deepti Dhall ◽  
Randa Alsabeh
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ◽  
Metastatic Neoplasm ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Context.—Immunohistochemistry has become an integral component of the practice of pathology. Newer antibodies allow for increasingly precise diagnoses for tumors that previously could not be easily identified. Recently, immunohistochemical evaluations have begun to allow pathologists to actively assist in determining prognosis and even in selecting therapies. Objective.—To summarize the usefulness of currently available immunostains for the study of liver and gastrointestinal system neoplasms and to make recommendations for panels of immunostains that can be particularly helpful. Data Sources.—Information has been collected from recent literature as well as from personal experience and practice. Conclusions.—Many immunostains are now available for the practicing pathologist that allow for increasing accuracy in diagnosis of liver and gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Panels of immunostains can be used to differentiate between various tumors and also to identify site of origin in the case of a metastatic neoplasm. Immunostains that allow for prognostic determinations and for guidance in the selection of chemotherapeutic agents can also be used by pathologists to assist in the management of patients with malignant tumors affecting the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals A rolling stone: vomiting of a gallstone without the presence of a biliary-enteric fistula

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina A Samara ◽  
Konstantinos Perivoliotis ◽  
Ioanna-Konstantina Sgantzou ◽  
Alexandros Diamantis ◽  
Theodoros Floros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Ampulla Of Vater ◽  
Retrograde Flow ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Enteric Fistula ◽  
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Biliary Enteric Fistula

ABSTRACT Gallstones may pass into the gastrointestinal tract spontaneously through the ampulla of Vater or through a biliary-enteric fistula. This report describes an extremely rare case of a patient vomiting a gallstone without the presence of a fistula between the gallbladder and the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, no imaging findings of gallstones disease appeared. The patient has been treated conservatively and all symptoms subsided. The patient remains asymptomatic 3 months after treatment and an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was arranged. Including this reported case, only three cases have been described in the literature worldwide. However, our case is the only one characterized by retrograde flow of the gallstones into the stomach without symptoms of bowel obstruction or other underlying pathologies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Probiotic Profile of the Lactobacillus Acidophilus Used in Pharmaceutical and Food Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 36664
Author(s):  
Jucelaine Deon Schmitt ◽  
Luciana Oliveira de Fariña ◽  
Márcia Regina Simões ◽  
Luciana Bill Mikito Kottwitz
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Fermented Dairy

 Lactobacillus acidophilus used in three different applications, compounding pharmacies (LA1), fermented dairy (LA2), and allopathic compoundings (LA3) were tested to evaluate the existence of significant differences between them and in different growth conditions. In the evaluation of resistance to different commercial use antibiotics, all strains were sensitive to the antibiotics ampicillin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and tetracycline. LA1 was considered moderately sensitive (MS) to erythromycin and LA3 was MS to clindamycin and erythromycin. LA3 was classified between MS to resistant to erythromycin. All three strains were resistant to gentamicin. When evaluating acid pH resistance, the three origins presented similar behavior, with a decrease in cell viability at pH 2, maintaining constant viability at pH 3 and 4. In the test of resistance to the gastrointestinal tract conditions and hydrophobicity, LA2 presented better results. The three strains showed production of inhibitory compounds against pathogenic bacteria and deconjugated tauroconjugated bile salts (TDCA). It was concluded that, depending on the origin, Lactobacillus acidophilus may present different behaviors that will determine its growth and, consequently, its action in vivo. Due to the practicality of access, economy, and the satisfactory results in the tests performed, LA2 can be considered the strain of choice among those studied. 

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