Heart rate, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol as indicators of arousal and synchrony in clients with intellectual disability, horses and therapist during equine-assisted interventions

The aim of the study was to analyse interaction processes in equine-assisted therapy (EAT) sessions with ten female clients in the period of emerging adulthood with intellectual disability (ID). Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability and salivary cortisol levels have been analysed in humans and horses before, during and after a standardised therapy session as well as in a control condition. There was a trend of lower cortisol levels and higher variability and parasympathetic tone induced by horses. During challenge however, there was a significant lower HR in the horse condition. Significant correlations in heart rate between therapist, client and horse were found with stronger interaction with a familiar horse. Our findings suggest that EAT may effectively modulate stress in humans with ID. Our results further elucidate synchronisation patterns in HR highlighting the pivotal role of relationship quality and intensity as modulators of synchrony.

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Cortisol Levels and Autonomic Control of Heart Rate in Healthy Subjects

Acta Medica Martiniana ◽

10.1515/acm-2017-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 5-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milana Drumond Ramos Santana ◽

Eli Carlos Martiniano ◽

Larissa Raylane Lucas Monteiro ◽

Maria Do Socorro Santos De Oliveira ◽

Vitor E. Valenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Autonomic Control ◽

Autonomic Modulation ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Modulation Methods

AbstractIntroduction: There is an increase in level of stress in the general population because of the social, personal and professional demands. Currently, there are only simple tools that can safely measure this stress such as levels of cortisol and heart rate variability (HRV). Objective: To analyze the relationship between salivary cortisol and the cardiac autonomic modulation. Methods: A total of fifty-one male and female subjects between 18 and 40 years old were evaluated. Saliva collection was achieved for the salivary cortisol dosage. The collection was performed through the SalivetteR tube. After this collection, the median cortisol levels (0.24 ug/dl) were analyzed and the volunteers were divided into two groups: i) cortisol below the mediane ii) cortisol above the median. After this division, each group consisted of 25 volunteers and then was verified the following information: age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure. Shortly thereafter was assessment of cardiac autonomic modulation por meio da HRV. The Polar RS800cx heart rate receiver was placed on the chest of the volunteers, in the vicinity of the distal third of the sternum. The volunteers were instructed to remain in rest with spontaneous breathing in dorsal position for 20 minutes. HRV analysis included geometric, time and frequency domain indices. Results: There were no statistical differences for the two groups regarding systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, RR intervals or linear and frequency indices for the volunteers. In addition, also there was no correlation the cortisol with the analyzed variables (SAP, p=0.460; DAP, p = 0.270; HR, p = 0.360; RR, p = 0.380; SDNN, p = 0.510; rMSSD, p = 0.660; pNN50, p = 0.820; RRtri, p = 0.170; TINN, p = 0.470; SD1, p = 0.650; SD2, p = 0.500; LF [ms2], p = 0.880; LF [nu], p = 0.970; HF [ms2], p = 0.870; HF [nu], p = 0.960; LF/HF, p = 0.380 Conclusion: Heart rate variability autonomic control was unchanged in healthy subjects with physiological distribution of salivary cortisol levels. There was no association between normal salivary cortisol and resting autonomic regulation of heart rate.

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DEMENTED OLDER ADULT’S SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVELS AND PHYSICAL STRESS INDEX AS STRESS INDICATOR

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.3205 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S874-S874

Author(s):

Eunji Kwon ◽

Eunhee Cho

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Nursing Intervention ◽

Physical Stress ◽

Stress Index ◽

Control Groups ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

As Stress

Abstract Demented older adults experience many internal and external stress inducers that are thought to be a source of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD). The purpose of this study was to compare the stress index among older adults through salivary cortisol levels and physical stress index. This study was cross-sectional design, including 139 participants who recruited until May of this year(104 demented older adults who visited hospital outpatient neurology and 35 non-demented older adults as control group). The physical stress index was measured by heart rate variability and salivary cortisol levels(4 samples/day, 1 days). Salivary cortisol levels were measured at four times after wake up, after breakfast, before dinner and after dinner. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and generalized estimating equations. In salivary cortisol levels measured after wake up, the demented older adults reported about 1.5 times higher than non-demented older adults(p=.042). And the salivary cortisol levels measured after breakfast were about 2.3 times higher in the demented older adults than in control groups(p=.002). Accordingly, the results can be concluded that demented older adults have higher stress levels than control groups in the morning. Also the physical stress index through heart rate variability(HRV) in the demented older adults(6.30±0.65) had higher than control groups(6.00±0.55, t=2.45, p=.016). There are significant differences in salivary cortisol levels and physical stress index between demented older adults and control groups. As stress inducers affects BPSD for the demented older adults, nursing intervention should be tailored to proper way based on their stress inducers.

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Heart rate variability in severe right or left heart failure: the role of pulmonary hypertension and resistances

European Journal of Heart Failure ◽

10.1016/s1388-9842(03)00168-5 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

L Fauchier

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Left Heart ◽

Left Heart Failure

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Relaxation during the evening and next-morning energy: The role of hassles, uplifts, and heart rate variability during work.

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology ◽

10.1037/ocp0000155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 83-98

Author(s):

Stacey L. Parker ◽

Sabine Sonnentag ◽

Nerina L. Jimmieson ◽

Cameron J. Newton

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability

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LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PREMATURITY: PECULIARITIES OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND SALIVA CORTISOL LEVELS

PEDIATRIA Journal named after G N SPERANSKY ◽

10.24110/0031-403x-2020-99-1-199-203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 199-203

Author(s):

R.A. Abrarov ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Saliva Cortisol ◽

Cortisol Levels

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Role of increased sympathetic activity in the genesis of ambulatory ischemia: Spectral analysis of heart rate variability

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(96)82526-5 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 398-399

Author(s):

Tohru Kaji ◽

Tetsuro Kohya ◽

Fumishi Tomita ◽

Tomohide Ono ◽

Akira Kitabatake

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Spectral Analysis ◽

Sympathetic Activity

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Influence of a Suggestive Placebo Intervention on Psychobiological Responses to Social Stress

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587215588642 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frank Zimmermann-Viehoff ◽

Nico Steckhan ◽

Karin Meissner ◽

Hans-Christian Deter ◽

Clemens Kirschbaum

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Psychosocial Stress ◽

Social Stress ◽

Stress Test ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Subjective Stress ◽

Psychological Variables ◽

Placebo Intervention

We tested the hypothesis that a suggestive placebo intervention can reduce the subjective and neurobiological stress response to psychosocial stress. Fifty-four healthy male subjects with elevated levels of trait anxiety were randomly assigned in a 4:4:1 fashion to receive either no treatment (n = 24), a placebo pill (n = 24), or a herbal drug (n = 6) before undergoing a stress test. We repeatedly measured psychological variables as well as salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and heart rate variability prior to and following the stress test. The stressor increased subjective stress and anxiety, salivary cortisol, and alpha-amylase, and decreased heart rate variability (all P < .001). However, no significant differences between subjects receiving placebo or no treatment were found. Subjects receiving placebo showed increased wakefulness during the stress test compared with no-treatment controls ( P < .001). Thus, the suggestive placebo intervention increased alertness, but modulated neither subjective stress and anxiety nor the physiological response to psychosocial stress.

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The Influence ofNrf2on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2013/901239 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reuben Howden ◽

Eva Gougian ◽

Marcus Lawrence ◽

Samantha Cividanes ◽

Wesley Gladwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

High Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Environmental Stressors ◽

Total Power ◽

Airborne Pollutants ◽

Cardiac Responses

Nrf2protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role ofNrf2on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption ofNrf2would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures.Nrf2-/-andNrf2+/+mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P<0.001) and HF HRV (P<0.001) inNrf2-/-mice compared toNrf2+/+mice.Nrf2-/-mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less thanNrf2+/+mice (~22 hrs;P<0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater inNrf2-/-compared toNrf2+/+mice (P<0.01). Results demonstrate thatNrf2deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.

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