scholarly journals Morphological variations of the winged pearl oyster Pteria penguin (Roding, 1798) from South China Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Huayang Guo ◽  
Dianchang Zhang ◽  
Shigui Jiang ◽  
Youning Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Pteria Penguin

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the morphological variations of Pteria penguin (Roding, 1798) in wild as well as cultured populations from South China Sea. A total of 307 samples were collected from five different geographic locations comprising three wild (Pop. 1, 2 and 4) and two cultured (Pop. 3 and 5) populations and 10 measured traits were analysed. Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the morphological variations in the collected samples. Results showed a low intra-population variation within the five sampled populations. Multivariate analyses indicated that the five populations were more or less differentiated on the basis of body characters, particularly those related to major dimensions of the shell outline and their ratios. Discriminant analysis revealed that the overall random assignment of individuals into their original groups was high (81.8%), indicating that these populations are highly divergent from each other. The proportion of individuals correctly classified into their original groups was 96.9, 76.7, 75.0, 78.0 and 82.0% for populations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Cluster analysis showed highest morphological variation between Pop.1 and Pop. 2. All other populations (Pop.3, Pop.4 and Pop.5) were found to be morphologically similar and consistent with the respective geographical location. Results of the present study will be of use in resource assessment and management of P. penguin in the South China Sea.

scholarly journals Balance of Threat of QSD toward China’s Presence in the South China Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fikry Anshori
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Informal Meeting

<p>Abstrak<br />Latar belakang artikel ini adalah ekspansi China di Laut China Selatan serta pengaktifan kembali Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD). QSD adalah pertemuan non-formal yang beranggotakan United States, Australia, India, dan Japan. Artikel ini berusaha untuk menjawab ‘Apa keunggulan yang dimiliki oleh QSD pasca pengaktifan kembali mereka untuk menghadapi kehadiran China di Laut China Selatan?’. Teori utama yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah Balance of Threat dari Stephen Walt. Hasil dari artikel ini memperlihatkan keunggulan yang dimiliki oleh QSD adalah lokasi geografis, sebagian besar sumber daya dan persenjataan, serta program latihan perang bersama dan modernisasi persenjataan. Keunggulan tersebut dapat digunakan QSD untuk menghadapi niat mengancam dari China dengan kehadiran mereka di Laut China Selatan.</p><p>Abstract<br />The background of this article is the expansion of China in the South China Sea and the reactivation of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD). QSD is an informal meeting with members from the United States, Australia, India, and Japan. This article seeks to answer 'What advantages does QSD have after their reactivation to face China's presence in the South China Sea?'. The main theory used in this article is the Balance of Threat from Stephen Walt. The results of this article show the advantages possessed by QSD is the geographical location, the majority of resources and weapons, as well as joint war training and weapon modernization programs. These advantages can be used by QSD to face the threatening intentions of China with its presence in the South China Sea.</p>

scholarly journals Distribution and diversity of gelatinous zooplankton in the southern South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
N A Kamaruddin ◽  
N H A Ishak
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gelatinous Zooplankton ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Southern South China Sea ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Although gelatinous zooplankton are widely distributed in many ocean ecosystems, they have been understudied due to their fragility nature, difficulties to sample or handle and a lack of expertise. This study gives an insight into the distribution and diversity of gelatinous species in the Southern South China Sea. Species composition, distribution and abundance of gelatinous zooplankton were investigated along the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 37 species were recorded from 10 locations along 4 transects at 5.10° N and 6.80° N extending from 103.2° E to 105.3° E in August 2016. Seven medusae, six siphonophores, four appendicularians, six chaetognaths, six salps, four doliolids and four pteropods were identified from the study area. Appendicularia with 201 ind/m3 was found to be the most dominant taxa recorded, followed by chaetognaths with 197 ind/m3. Scyphomedusae were the least represented group in the study, with an abundance of 8 ind/m3. Stations near the inshore region show higher abundance and diversity of gelatinous zooplankton compared to offshore regions. The evenness index between stations revealed that the gelatinous zooplankton were evenly distributed. According to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the diversity and distribution of gelatinous zooplankton are driven by depth and temperature.

scholarly journals Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in South China Sea Short Core Sediments Off Southern Part Terengganu, Malaysia and Multivariate Statistics Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2511-2522
Author(s):  
Swee Yun Pang ◽  
Suhaimi Suratman ◽  
Yii Siang Hii ◽  
Bernd R.T. Simoneit ◽  
Norhayati Mohd Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Fluvial Transport ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Short Core

Sediment cores from the southern South China Sea off the Terengganu coast were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH s) and perylene. The concentrations of total 17 PAH (TPAHs) and perylene varied between 5.45-27.7 ng/g and 0.51-7.77 ng/g, respectively. Analyses of variance showed significant differences between the stations, but not in sub-bottom depths at the 0.05 level. The PAH cross plots showed a predominance of pyrogenic over petrogenic PAH s. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clustered PAH s that are correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), indicating the importance of surface runoff via fluvial transport for contributing these PAH s to the coastal environment of the study area. Overall, the concentrations of PAH s in the study area are considered to be in the low range, not exceeding the 100 ng/g mark.

Research on the Multi-Parameter Modeling of Submarine Sediment Prediction

2013 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Zhong Hui Luo ◽  
Qi Jun Xiao ◽  
Jun Lan Wu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
South China ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Southern South China Sea ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Correlated Parameters

It is presented in this paper the technology of principal component analysis and analyze existing empirical equation and its calculation errors. A principle component model is then built up using the measurement data of sediments from the continental slope and shelf in southern South China Sea. It is also studied in theory how to exclude correlated parameters from a number of parameters that can affect the sound velocity and how to optimize a few parameters that are obviously related to sound velocity without cross-correlation. Using the optimal physical parameters, such as porosity n, median grain size Md (φ) and plastic limit Wp, a three-parameter forecasting equation of sound velocity is established for the continental shelf and slope in southern South China Sea.

Transport route-based cluster analysis of chemical fingerprints and source origins of marine fine particles (PM2.5) in South China Sea

2022 ◽  
Vol 806 ◽  
pp. 150591
Author(s):  
Po-Hsuan Yen ◽  
Chung-Shin Yuan ◽  
Chien-Hsing Wu ◽  
Ming-Jie Yeh ◽  
Yu-Lun Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Chemical Fingerprints

scholarly journals LNG Transport and Management at South China Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
H Chen ◽  
X C Cao ◽  
C. Y. Zhou ◽  
J Wang ◽  
Y Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

As China’s research on LNG maritime transport is still in its infancy, there are few papers in relevant areas. Based on the description of the oil and gas contained in the South China Sea and the geographical location of the oil, the paper compares the natural gas liquefaction with nature, compares the three modes of natural gas transportation, and describes the influencing factors of LNG marine transportation.Secondly, Hainan Province was used as a case of transportation terminal to conduct market analysis and economic evaluation. Finally, considering of the unique resource background and geographical location of the South China Sea, suggestions are made to use effective, clean and comparative cheap energy.

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