scholarly journals Changes in the hypothalamus in relation to testicular cells during growth, maturation and spawning phases in the brackishwater teleost Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822)

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bose ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Different Cell Types

In the present investigation, different cell types in the hypothalamus of the goldspot mullet Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822) were characterised on the basis of their arrangement, distribution and tinctorial properties. The hypothalamic neurosecretory system of L. parsia is made up of two nuclei rich areas viz., nucleus pre-opticus (NPO), nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) and their axonal pathways. The NPO is vertically organised and the cells are arranged in an oblique plane on either side of the third ventricle. The larger cells viz., pars magnocellularis (PMC) are dorsally placed whereas smaller cells, pars parvocellularis (PPC) are placed ventrally to the third ventricle. Fine thread like axons stained with chrome-alum-haematoxylin-phloxine (CAHP) extend from preoptic cells to the close proximity of blood capillaries. Cells of the NLT are paired and situated above the pituitary gland. The cells of NPO and NLT exhibited both quantitative and qualitative variations during different periods of the testicular maturation. During growth and maturation periods, cells of PMC and NLT were characterised by intense staining and dense homogeneous granules along with deposition of neurosecretory materials. During spawning period, slight decrease in staining affinity of the cells of PMC and NLT were recorded. Changes in the testes of L. parsia have been described according to variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) values and frequency percentages of different male germ cells during growth, maturation and spawning phases.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Third Ventricular Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmira Gacic ◽  
Hakija Beculic ◽  
Rasim Skomorac ◽  
Alma Efendic
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme, is an aggressive type of cancer that is made up of abnormal astrocytic cells, but also contain a mixture of different cell types (including blood vessels) and areas of necrosis. It is often seen in the brain and spinal cord, but glioblastomas are rarely found in the third ventricle. In this case, it was diagnosed in a 22-year-old male patient and we intended to draw

New observations of colloid cysts of the third ventricle: An ultrastructural study of the lining epithelium and the wall

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
Khang-Loon Ho ◽  
Julio H. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Colloid Cyst ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
The Third ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Colloid Cysts ◽  
Dense Core Granules

Colloid cysts of the third ventricle represent one of the variety of the epithelial-lined cysts of the neuraxis. Their histogenesis remains unsettled. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses have suggested the following possible origins: (a) neuroectoderm, including paraphysis, ependyma, choroid plexus, and tela choroidea and (b) endoderm, including respiratory and enteric epithelium.This report describes the ultrastructure of the lining epithelium and the wall of four cases of colloid cyst. Six distinct cell types were recognized in the epithelium (Fig.1,2): (1) ciliated cells with various types of ciliary abnormalities, (2) non-ciliated cells with microvilli coated with granulo-fibrillary material, (3) goblet cells showing discharge of secretory granules, (4) basal cells with prominent tonofilaments, (5) basal-located cells with elongated cell bodies parallel to the basement membrane and electron-lucent cytoplasm containing sparse, membrane-bound dense core granules (150-250 nm) and (6) small undifferentiated cells with scanty organelles.

scholarly journals Structural differences between plasma-membrane 5′-nucleotidase in different cell types as evidenced by antibodies

1985 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Harb ◽  
K Meflah ◽  
S Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Nucleotidase Activity ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Structural Nature ◽  
Different Cell Types

Antibodies raised against bovine 5′-nucleotidase inhibit this enzyme as well as 5′-nucleotidase from other bovine tissues, showing common structure(s) between these proteins. However, an IgG fraction directed against the glucidic moiety of the liver enzyme did not cross-react with the enzyme from lymphocyte or caudate nuclei, a clear indication that within the same species the 5′-nucleotidase differs from one cell type to another. In addition, immunoblots after electrophoresis show that the previous antibodies recognize 5′-nucleotidase from human, mouse or chicken origin. However, only human 5′-nucleotidase activity can be inhibited by the antibodies. Thus at least three groups of antigenic determinants must exist on the 5′-nucleotidase: one related to the glucidic moiety of the glycoprotein whose binding inhibits the enzyme activity, another related to the catalytic site, as its binding also led to enzyme inhibition, and a last one of structural nature. It seems that the third group of determinant is common to many species, whereas the second one is more restricted.

Erythropoietin expression in primary rat Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 2872-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Magnanti ◽  
Orietta Gandini ◽  
Laura Giuliani ◽  
Paola Gazzaniga ◽  
Hugo H. Marti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoid Cells ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Different Cell Types

Abstract Kidney and liver are the major organs of erythropoietin (Epo) synthesis. However, Epo messenger RNA (mRNA) has been detected in several organs, such as brain, lung, and testis. Furthermore, functional Epo receptors have been demonstrated on different cell types, including rat Leydig cells. The aim of the study was to identify testicular cells expressing Epo mRNA and to quantitate its levels by competitive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Besides whole testis, Epo transcripts were found in Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells, while no signal was detected in Leydig cells. Exposure of Sertoli cells to CoCl2 led to an increase of Epo mRNA level. Semiquantitative competitive RT-PCR presented an increase in the level of Epo mRNA in Sertoli cells stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone, while exposure of peritubular myoid cells cultures to testosterone reduced Epo mRNA expression. Due to the blood-testis barrier, basal expression of Epo suggests a not yet defined function of this hormone in testis.

An electron microscopic study of the formation and structure of the periostracum in Astarte (Bivalvia)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1463-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. M. Saleuddin
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Fibrous Layer ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Different Cell Types

An electron microscopic study of the outer and middle folds of the mantle edge of Astarte castanea reveals the fine-structural details of the cells which are involved in the formation of the periostracum. There are four types of cells in the outer fold whereas there is only one type in the middle fold. The role of different cell types in the formation of the periostracum has been discussed. The periostracum originates in the intercellular space between the basal cell of the outer fold and the first cell of the middle fold. Even at the point of origin it consists of two outer membranous layers and the inner dark homogeneous layer. The fibrous translucent layer, which is the third layer of the fully mature periostracum, does not appear until the young periostracum has moved down the periostracal groove at the level of the third cell. As the periostracum matures, the two membranous layers remain remarkably constant in width, whereas the two inner layers, dark homogeneous and fibrous translucent, increase in thickness. Scanning electron microscopy and thin sectioning reveal that the fully mature periostraca of A. castanea and A. elliptica appear uniformly pitted, but the nature of the pits between the two species is different. The fibrils of the fibrous layer show either uniform or random arrangements, depending on the region. It is the innermost part of the fibrous layer of the periostracum that provides the nuclei for calcification.

Organ culture of the anterior pituitary in a synthetic medium. An immunocytochemical study

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bégeot ◽  
J. Y. Li ◽  
M. P. Dubois ◽  
P. M. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Foetal Calf Serum ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Cell Types

Abstract. Anterior pituitaries removed from human foetuses and rat neonates were maintained in organ culture after using three different media. A comparative immunocytological study of the different cell-types was made in the three media used. In the first medium containing foetal calf serum the different cell-types were present but their frequency in the cultured explants depended upon their representation in the tissue at the beginning of the culture. In the medium without any adjunction, the most characteristic feature was the shrinkage of the cultured tissue. In the third medium in which foetal calf serum was replaced by insulin the evolution of the explants was the same as in the first medium. All the cell-types were represented with a particular development of gonadotrophic cells. In conclusion it seemed that the third synthetic medium can be used in order to study anterior pituitary cells in vitro.

scholarly journals The morphology but not the function of endosomes and lysosomes is altered by brefeldin A.

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Wood ◽  
W J Brown
Keyword(s):  
Brefeldin A ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Trans Golgi Network ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
Golgi Network ◽  
Endocytic Traffic ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Compact Cluster

Brefeldin A (BFA) induces the formation of an extensively fused network of membranes derived from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and early endosomes (EE). We describe in detail here the unaffected passage of endocytosed material through the fused TGN/EE compartments to lysosomes in BFA-treated cells. We also confirmed that BFA caused the formation of tubular lysosomes, although the kinetics and extent of tubulation varied greatly between different cell types. The BFA-induced tubular lysosomes were often seen to form simple networks. Formation of tubular lysosomes was microtubule-mediated and energy-dependent; interestingly, however, maintenance of the tubulated lysosomes only required microtubules and was insensitive to energy poisons. Upon removal of BFA, the tubular lysosomes rapidly recovered in an energy-dependent process. In most cell types examined, the extensive TGN/EE network is ephemeral, eventually collapsing into a compact cluster of tubulo-vesicular membranes in a process that precedes the formation of tubular lysosomes. However, in primary bovine testicular cells, the BFA-induced TGN/EE network was remarkably stable (for > 12 h). During this time, the TGN/EE network coexisted with tubular lysosomes, however, the two compartments remained completely separate. These results show that BFA has multiple, profound effects on the morphology of various compartments of the endosome-lysosome system. In spite of these changes, endocytic traffic can continue through the altered compartments suggesting that transport occurs through noncoated vesicles or through vesicles that are insensitive to BFA.

Genetic Analysis of Adenohypophysis Formation in Zebrafish

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1185-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Herzog ◽  
Carmen Sonntag ◽  
Brigitte Walderich ◽  
Jörg Odenthal ◽  
Hans-Martin Maischein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Spontaneous Mutations ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adenohypophyseal Cell ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
High Degree

Abstract The adenohypophysis consists of at least six different cell types, somatotropes, lactotropes, thyrotropes, melanotropes, corticotropes, and gonadotropes. In mouse, cloning of spontaneous mutations and gene targeting has revealed multiple genes required for different steps of adenohypophysis development. Here, we report the results of a systematic search for genes required for adenohypophysis formation and patterning in zebrafish. By screening F3 offspring of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenized founder fish, we isolated eleven mutants with absent or reduced expression of GH, the product of somatotropes, but a normally developing hypothalamus. Of such mutants, eight were further analyzed and mapped. They define four genes essential for different steps of adenohypophysis development. Two of them, lia and pia, affect the entire adenohypophysis, whereas the other two are required for a subset of adenohypophyseal cell types only. The third gene is zebrafish pit1 and is required for lactotropes, thyrotropes, and somatotropes, similar to its mouse ortholog, whereas the fourth, aal, is required for corticotropes, melanotropes, thyrotropes, and somatotropes, but not lactotropes. In conclusion, the isolated zebrafish mutants confirm principles of adenohypophysis development revealed in mouse, thereby demonstrating the high degree of molecular and mechanistic conservation among the different vertebrate species. In addition, they point to thus far unknown features of adenohypophysis development, such as the existence of a new lineage of pituitary cells, which partially overlaps with the Pit1 lineage. Positional cloning of the lia, pia, and aal genes might reveal novel regulators of vertebrate pituitary development.

Colloid cyst of the third ventricle

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Leech ◽  
Thomas Freeman ◽  
Robert Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Colloid Cyst ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Third ◽  
Colloid Cysts ◽  
Abnormal Cilia

✓ Three colloid cysts of the third ventricle were examined by both transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was morphological diversity of the cyst surface on SEM, with ciliated and non-ciliated cells present. In some areas, the non-ciliated cells were more numerous and extended above the surface. Individual non-ciliated cells show a wrinkled cell surface and bleb-like structures. The TEM findings correlated well with SEM, revealing two cell types. The non-ciliated cells appeared to have both exocrine and apocrine activity. In ciliated cells, abnormal cilia were related to abnormal centrioles; also present were highly abnormal microvilli. The appearance of the surface was similar to a normal ventricular surface. By allowing a greater assessment of cell types and their distribution, SEM has added one additional dimension in the evaluation of colloid cysts and their possible derivation.

scholarly journals EVs and Bioengineering: From Cellular Products to Engineered Nanomachines

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Villata ◽  
Marta Canta ◽  
Valentina Cauda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods ◽  
Potential Use

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural carriers produced by many different cell types that have a plethora of functions and roles that are still under discovery. This review aims to be a compendium on the current advancement in terms of EV modifications and re-engineering, as well as their potential use in nanomedicine. In particular, the latest advancements on artificial EVs are discussed, with these being the frontier of nanomedicine-based therapeutics. The first part of this review gives an overview of the EVs naturally produced by cells and their extraction methods, focusing on the possibility to use them to carry desired cargo. The main issues for the production of the EV-based carriers are addressed, and several examples of the techniques used to upload the cargo are provided. The second part focuses on the engineered EVs, obtained through surface modification, both using direct and indirect methods, i.e., engineering of the parental cells. Several examples of the current literature are proposed to show the broad variety of engineered EVs produced thus far. In particular, we also report the possibility to engineer the parental cells to produce cargo-loaded EVs or EVs displaying specific surface markers. The third and last part focuses on the most recent advancements based on synthetic and chimeric EVs and the methods for their production. Both top-down or bottom-up techniques are analyzed, with many examples of applications.

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