scholarly journals A Rare Case of Third Ventricular Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmira Gacic ◽  
Hakija Beculic ◽  
Rasim Skomorac ◽  
Alma Efendic
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme, is an aggressive type of cancer that is made up of abnormal astrocytic cells, but also contain a mixture of different cell types (including blood vessels) and areas of necrosis. It is often seen in the brain and spinal cord, but glioblastomas are rarely found in the third ventricle. In this case, it was diagnosed in a 22-year-old male patient and we intended to draw

scholarly journals Comparisons of neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and degeneration of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in APP/PS1 and aging mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Cao ◽  
Daniel W. Fisher ◽  
Guadalupe Rodriguez ◽  
Tian Yu ◽  
Hongxin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Norepinephrine System ◽  
Protective Processes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background The role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is becoming increasingly important, as activation of these cell types likely contributes to both pathological and protective processes associated with all phases of the disease. During early AD pathogenesis, one of the first areas of degeneration is the locus coeruleus (LC), which provides broad innervation of the central nervous system and facilitates norepinephrine (NE) transmission. Though the LC-NE is likely to influence microglial dynamics, it is unclear how these systems change with AD compared to otherwise healthy aging. Methods In this study, we evaluated the dynamic changes of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the LC-NE system in the brain and spinal cord of APP/PS1 mice and aged WT mice using immunofluorescence and ELISA. Results Our results demonstrated increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation observed in the cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord of APP/PS1 compared to WT mice. LC-NE neuron and fiber loss as well as reduced norepinephrine transporter (NET) expression was more evident in APP/PS1 mice, although NE levels were similar between 12-month-old APP/PS1 and WT mice. Notably, the degree of microglial activation, LC-NE nerve fiber loss, and NET reduction in the brain and spinal cord were more severe in 12-month-old APP/PS1 compared to 12- and 24-month-old WT mice. Conclusion These results suggest that elevated neuroinflammation and microglial activation in the brain and spinal cord of APP/PS1 mice correlate with significant degeneration of the LC-NE system.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in the nervous apparatus of the blood vessels in the spinal cord

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3 (67) p.1) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Pigolkin ◽  
G. V. Zolotenkova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Nervous Apparatus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Age Related Changes

This paper was designed to study changes in the nervous apparatus of the blood vessels in the spinal cord with a view to determining the biological age of man. The pial and intramedullary vascular systems of the brain and spinal cord were examined in different periods of postnatal ontogenesis (between the age of 1 to 90 years). The data obtained on the age-related rearrangement of the nervous apparatus of the spinocerebral arterial vessels can also be used for the solution of practical problems encountered in the practical work of forensic medical experts.

scholarly journals Bilobed Thoracic Meningomyelocele: A Case Report with Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Dipendra Shrestha ◽  
Binod Rajbhandari ◽  
Sushil Krishna Shilpakar
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Neural tube defects (NTDs) arethe most common congenital malformations affecting the brain and spinal cord. Furthermore, meningomyelocele (MMC) is said to be one of the commonest NTDs. Multiple MMC is uncommon and bilobed sac is even rarer, comparatively. In literature, only few such cases have been reported. Here, we present a rare case of bilobed thoracic MMC operated successfully in our department.

A rare case of rapidly progressing primary diffuse meningeal sarcomatosis of the brain and spinal cord

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
A. A. Yakovlev ◽  
S. A. Yakovlev ◽  
A. G. Smochilin ◽  
M. V. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Changes in the hypothalamus in relation to testicular cells during growth, maturation and spawning phases in the brackishwater teleost Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822)

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bose ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Different Cell Types

In the present investigation, different cell types in the hypothalamus of the goldspot mullet Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822) were characterised on the basis of their arrangement, distribution and tinctorial properties. The hypothalamic neurosecretory system of L. parsia is made up of two nuclei rich areas viz., nucleus pre-opticus (NPO), nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) and their axonal pathways. The NPO is vertically organised and the cells are arranged in an oblique plane on either side of the third ventricle. The larger cells viz., pars magnocellularis (PMC) are dorsally placed whereas smaller cells, pars parvocellularis (PPC) are placed ventrally to the third ventricle. Fine thread like axons stained with chrome-alum-haematoxylin-phloxine (CAHP) extend from preoptic cells to the close proximity of blood capillaries. Cells of the NLT are paired and situated above the pituitary gland. The cells of NPO and NLT exhibited both quantitative and qualitative variations during different periods of the testicular maturation. During growth and maturation periods, cells of PMC and NLT were characterised by intense staining and dense homogeneous granules along with deposition of neurosecretory materials. During spawning period, slight decrease in staining affinity of the cells of PMC and NLT were recorded. Changes in the testes of L. parsia have been described according to variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) values and frequency percentages of different male germ cells during growth, maturation and spawning phases.

scholarly journals MiR-7 in Cancer Development

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Petra Korać ◽  
Mariastefania Antica ◽  
Maja Matulić
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
The Brain

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of specific mRNA translation. They participate in cellular signaling circuits and can act as oncogenes in tumor development, so-called oncomirs, as well as tumor suppressors. miR-7 is an ancient miRNA involved in the fine-tuning of several signaling pathways, acting mainly as tumor suppressor. Through downregulation of PI3K and MAPK pathways, its dominant role is the suppression of proliferation and survival, stimulation of apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Besides these functions, it has numerous additional roles in the differentiation process of different cell types, protection from stress and chromatin remodulation. One of the most investigated tissues is the brain, where its downregulation is linked with glioblastoma cell proliferation. Its deregulation is found also in other tumor types, such as in liver, lung and pancreas. In some types of lung and oral carcinoma, it can act as oncomir. miR-7 roles in cell fate determination and maintenance of cell homeostasis are still to be discovered, as well as the possibilities of its use as a specific biotherapeutic.

scholarly journals Characterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaona Acharjee ◽  
Paul M. K. Gordon ◽  
Benjamin H. Lee ◽  
Justin Read ◽  
Matthew L. Workentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

AbstractMicroglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To more fully understand the role of microglia in EAE we characterized microglial transcriptomes before the onset of motor symptoms (pre-onset) and during symptomatic EAE. We compared the transcriptome in brain, where behavioral changes are initiated, and spinal cord, where damage is revealed as motor and sensory deficits. We used a RiboTag strategy to characterize ribosome-bound mRNA only in microglia without incurring possible transcriptional changes after cell isolation. Brain and spinal cord samples clustered separately at both stages of EAE, indicating regional heterogeneity. Differences in gene expression were observed in the brain and spinal cord of pre-onset and symptomatic animals with most profound effects in the spinal cord of symptomatic animals. Canonical pathway analysis revealed changes in neuroinflammatory pathways, immune functions and enhanced cell division in both pre-onset and symptomatic brain and spinal cord. We also observed a continuum of many pathways at pre-onset stage that continue into the symptomatic stage of EAE. Our results provide additional evidence of regional and temporal heterogeneity in microglial gene expression patterns that may help in understanding mechanisms underlying various symptomology in MS.

scholarly journals CTNI-03. IMAGING FEATURES OF LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASES OF NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: A SINGLE-CENTER REAL-WORLD STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii41-ii41
Author(s):  
Junjie Zhen ◽  
Lei Wen ◽  
Shaoqun Li ◽  
Mingyao Lai ◽  
Changguo Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Type A ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Type B ◽  
Type D ◽  
Mri Examination ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND According to EANO-ESMO clinical practice guidelines, the MRI findings of LM are divided into 4 types, namely linear enhancement (type A), nodular enhancement (type B), linear combined with nodular enhancement (type C), and sign of hydrocephalus (type D). METHODS The MRI features of brain and spinal cord in patients diagnosed with NSCLC-LM in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from 2010 until 2019 were investigated, and then were classified into 4 types. The imaging features were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patients was 53.5 years old, and the median time from the initial diagnosis to the confirmed diagnosis of LM was 11.6 months. The results of enhanced MRI examination of the brain in 79 cases showed that the number of cases with enhancements of type A, B, C and D were 50 (63.3%), 0, 26 (32.9%) and 3 (3.8%), respectively, and that LM with metastases to the brain parenchyma was found in 42 cases (53.2%). The results of enhanced MRI examination of spinal cord in 59 cases showed that there were only enhancements of type A and C in 40 cases (67.8%) and 3 cases (5.0%), and no enhancement sign in the other 16 cases (27.2%). CONCLUSION MRI examination of brain and spinal cord will improve the detection rate of LM. The MRI features of NSCLC-LM in real world are mainly characterized by the linear enhancements of brain and spinal cord, followed by linear combined with nodular enhancement. The enhancements of type B and type D are rare in clinic. Almost half of the patients have LM and metastases to the brain parenchyma. Therefore, the differentiation of tumor metastases is needed to be paid attention to for the early diagnosis and the formulation of reasonable treatment plans.

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