DNA Synthesis of Wing Disc Cells and the Effects of Mitomycin C and X Ray Irradiation on the Wing Development of Bombyx mori

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Wing Development ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Disc Cells

scholarly journals Green synthesis of silk sericin-embedded silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial application against multidrug-resistant pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdullah Al Masud ◽  
Hamid Shaikh ◽  
Md. Shamsul Alam ◽  
M. Minnatul Karim ◽  
M. Abdul Momin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Silk Sericin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Strategy ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Pathogens

Abstract Background The green synthesis strategy of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) has become popular due to being environmentally friendly. Stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized by natural products such as starch, soy protein, various extract of leaves, barks, and roots functioning both as reducing and stabilizing agents. Likewise, silk sericin (SS) is a globular protein discarded in the silk factory might be used for NP synthesis. In this research, we focus on the green synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs by SS as well as assessment of their antibacterial activities against some drug-resistant pathogen. Results SS was extracted from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons in an aqueous medium. 17 w/w% of dry sericin powder with respect to the cocoon’s weight was obtained by freeze-drying. Furthermore, AgNPs conjugated to sericin, i.e., SS-capped silver nanoparticles (SS-AgNPs) were synthesized by easy, cost-effective, and environment-friendly methods. The synthesized SS-AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction measurement. It has been found from the absorbance of UV-visible spectroscopy that a higher percent of SS-AgNPs was obtained at a higher concentration of silver nitrate solution. FTIR-ATR spectra showed that the carboxylate groups obtained from silk sericin act as a reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, while NH2+ and COO− act as a stabilizer of AgNPs. The X-ray diffractogram of SS-AgNPs was quite different from AgNO3 and sericin due to a change in the crystal structure. The diameter of AgNPs was around 20–70 nm observed using TEM. The synthesized SS-AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations against E. coli and P. aeruginosa were 20μg/mL. Conclusions This study encourages the use of Bombyx mori for the ecofriendly synthesis of SS-AgNPs to control multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

Dpp signalling is a key effector of the wing-body wall subdivision of theDrosophilamesothorax

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (16) ◽  
pp. 3815-3823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Cavodeassi ◽  
Isabel Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Modolell
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Wing Development ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Imaginal Wing Disc ◽  
Anterior Posterior

During development, the imaginal wing disc of Drosophila is subdivided along the proximal-distal axis into different territories that will give rise to body wall (notum and mesothoracic pleura) and appendage (wing hinge and wing blade). Expression of the Iroquois complex (Iro-C) homeobox genes in the most proximal part of the disc defines the notum, since Iro-C– cells within this territory acquire the identity of the adjacent distal region, the wing hinge. Here we analyze how the expression of Iro-C is confined to the notum territory. Neither Wingless signalling, which is essential for wing development, nor Vein-dependent EGFR signalling, which is needed to activate Iro-C, appear to delimit Iro-C expression. We show that a main effector of this confinement is the TGFβ homolog Decapentaplegic (Dpp), a molecule known to pattern the disc along its anterior-posterior axis. At early second larval instar, the Dpp signalling pathway functions only in the wing and hinge territories, represses Iro-C and confines its expression to the notum territory. Later, Dpp becomes expressed in the most proximal part of the notum and turns off Iro-C in this region. This downregulation is associated with the subdivision of the notum into medial and lateral regions.

A molecular basis for transdetermination in Drosophila imaginal discs: interactions between wingless and decapentaplegic signaling

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
L. Maves ◽  
G. Schubiger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Wing Development ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Leg Development ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Targeted Expression ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

We are investigating how Drosophila imaginal disc cells establish and maintain their appendage-specific determined states. We have previously shown that ectopic expression of wingless (wg) induces leg disc cells to activate expression of the wing marker Vestigial (Vg) and transdetermine to wing cells. Here we show that ectopic wg expression non-cell-autonomously induces Vg expression in leg discs and that activated Armadillo, a cytosolic transducer of the Wg signal, cell-autonomously induces Vg expression in leg discs, indicating that this Vg expression is directly activated by Wg signaling. We find that ubiquitous expression of wg in leg discs can induce only dorsal leg disc cells to express Vg and transdetermine to wing. Dorsal leg disc cells normally express high levels of decapentaplegic (dpp) and its downstream target, optomotor-blind (omb). We find that high levels of dpp expression, which are both necessary and sufficient for dorsal leg development, are required for wg-induced transdetermination. We show that dorsalization of ventral leg disc cells, through targeted expression of either dpp or omb, is sufficient to allow wg to induce Vg expression and wing fate. Thus, dpp and omb promote both dorsal leg cell fate as well as transdetermination-competent leg disc cells. Taken together, our results show that the Wg and Dpp signaling pathways cooperate to induce Vg expression and leg-towing transdetermination. We also show that a specific vg regulatory element, the vg boundary enhancer, is required for transdetermination. We propose that an interaction between Wg and Dpp signaling can explain why leg disc cells transdetermine to wing and that our results have implications for normal leg and wing development.

scholarly journals Drosophila FGF cleavage is required for efficient intracellular sorting and intercellular dispersal

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sohr ◽  
Lijuan Du ◽  
Ruofan Wang ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Sougata Roy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Enzymatic Cleavage ◽  
Basal Surface ◽  
Apical Side ◽  
Intracellular Mechanism ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Intracellular Sorting ◽  
Signaling Activity

How morphogenetic signals are prepared for intercellular dispersal and signaling is fundamental to the understanding of tissue morphogenesis. We discovered an intracellular mechanism that prepares Drosophila melanogaster FGF Branchless (Bnl) for cytoneme-mediated intercellular dispersal during the development of the larval Air-Sac-Primordium (ASP). Wing-disc cells express Bnl as a proprotein that is cleaved by Furin1 in the Golgi. Truncated Bnl sorts asymmetrically to the basal surface, where it is received by cytonemes that extend from the recipient ASP cells. Uncleavable mutant Bnl has signaling activity but is mistargeted to the apical side, reducing its bioavailability. Since Bnl signaling levels feedback control cytoneme production in the ASP, the reduced availability of mutant Bnl on the source basal surface decreases ASP cytoneme numbers, leading to a reduced range of signal/signaling gradient and impaired ASP growth. Thus, enzymatic cleavage ensures polarized intracellular sorting and availability of Bnl to its signaling site, thereby determining its tissue-specific intercellular dispersal and signaling range.

scholarly journals The Impact of Drosophila Awd/NME1/2 Levels on Notch and Wg Signaling Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7257
Author(s):  
Giulia Serafini ◽  
Giorgia Giordani ◽  
Luca Grillini ◽  
Davide Andrenacci ◽  
Giuseppe Gargiulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Function Blocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

Awd, the Drosophila homologue of NME1/2 metastasis suppressors, plays key roles in many signaling pathways. Mosaic analysis of the null awdJ2A4 allele showed that loss of awd gene function blocks Notch signaling and the expression of its target genes including the Wingless (Wg/Wnt1) morphogen. We also showed that RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated awd silencing (awdi) in larval wing disc leads to chromosomal instability (CIN) and to Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK)-mediated cell death. Here we show that this cell death is independent of p53 activity. Based on our previous finding showing that forced survival of awdi-CIN cells leads to aneuploidy without the hyperproliferative effect, we investigated the Wg expression in awdi wing disc cells. Interestingly, the Wg protein is expressed in its correct dorso-ventral domain but shows an altered cellular distribution which impairs its signaling. Further, we show that RNAi-mediated knock down of awd in wing discs does not affect Notch signaling. Thus, our analysis of the hypomorphic phenotype arising from awd downregulation uncovers a dose-dependent effect of Awd in Notch and Wg signaling.

scholarly journals Modification of X-Ray-Induced Killing of HeLa S3 Cells by Inhibitors of DNA Synthesis

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara G. Weiss ◽  
L.J. Tolmach
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hela S3 ◽  
Hela S3 Cells
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