scholarly journals Pengaruh Komposisi Media dan Sumber Eksplan Terhadap Induksi Kalus, Perkecambahan, dan Pertumbuhan Tunas Embrio Somatik Jarak Pagar

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Tantri Dyah Ayu Anggraeni ◽  
Emy Sulistyowati ◽  
Rully Dyah Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Somatic Embryo Germination ◽  
Somatic Embryogenic

<p>Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak nabati sebagai bahan baku bio-diesel. Selama ini, kebutuhan bahan tanam diperoleh dari benih dan setek. Teknik mikropropagasi khususnya melalui embriogenesis somatik merupakan alternatif untuk penyediaan bahan tanam dalam jumlah besar dengan waktu relatif lebih singkat. Jenis eksplan, genotipe, dan kondisi fisiologis tanaman donor serta jenis dan kondisi fisik mediummerupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui eksplan dan komposisi media yang tepat untuk induksi kalus embriogenesis somatik, perkecambahan embrio somatik dan pertumbuhan tunas hasil embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat mulai bulan April sampai dengan November 2011, meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu 1) menguji komposisi media untuk induksi kalus embriogenesis somatik antara lain M1=MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,5 mg 2,4 D; M2= MS+1 mg/l BAP +0,5 mg/l 2,4 D; M3= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,2 mg/l TDZ, dan M4= MS+1 mg/l BAP+0,2 mg/l TDZ; 2) menguji komposisi media untuk induksi perkecambahan embrio somatik antara lain MK1= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,1 mg/l NAA dan MK2= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,4 mg/l IBA; dan 3) menguji komposisi media untuk pertumbuhan tunas embrio somatik antara lain MP1= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,1 mg/l IBA dan MP2= MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,1 mg/l IAA. Bahan tanam yang digunakan adalah genotipe IP-3A dan IP-3M dengan sumber eksplan kotiledon dan daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi MS+0,5 mg/l BAP+0,2 mg/l TDZ dengan sumber eksplan kotiledon paling sesuai untuk induksi kalus embriogenesis somatik. Genotipe IP-3M memiliki respon yang lebih baik disbanding IP-3A dan stabil dari tahap induksi kalus embriogenis somatik, induksi perkecambahan embrio somatik, dan pertumbuhan tunas embrio somatik.</p><p> </p><p>Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oil producing plants as source of bio-diesel. Planting materials usually are obtained from seeds and stem-cuttings. Micro-propagation techniques especially through somatic embryo-genesis is an alternative to provide a large number of planting material in a relatively short time. Explant sources, genotype and physicological conditions of donor plants, also composition and physical condition of medium are the main factors affecting the successful of somatic embryogenesis. The study was conducted to determine the most suitable combination of explant and media composition for embryogenic calli induc-tion, somatic embryo germination, and shoots growth derived from somatic embryogenesis. The experiment was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, of Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Insti-tute from April to November 2011 covering three phases: 1) testing media composition to induce somatic embryogenic calli i.e. M1=MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.5 mg 2.4 D; M2 = MS+1 mg/l BAP+0.5 mg/l 2.4 D; M3 = MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.2 mg/l TDZ and M4 = MS+1 mg/l BAP+ 0.2 mg/l TDZ; 2) testing media composition to induce somatic embryo germination i.e. MK1 = MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg/l NAA and MK2 = MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.4 mg/l IBA; and 3) testing media composition to induce somatic embryo shoot growth i.e. MP1 = MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg/l IBA and MP2= MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg/l IAA. Plant material used are genotype IP-3A and IP-3M with cotyledone and leaf as explant sources. The results showed that combination of MS+0.5 mg/l BAP+0.2 mg/l TDZ and cotyledons as explants source is the most suitable for somatic embryogenic calli. IP-3M genotype showed a better response to IP-3A and stable from induction of somatic embryogenic calli, somatic embryo germination, and somatic embryo shoots growth.</p>

scholarly journals Differential Influence of Growth Regulators during Somatic Embryogenesis of Gynodioecious Papaya Varieties‘CO.7’ and ‘Red Lady

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
C. K. Rajesh ◽  
K. K. Kumar ◽  
C. Kavitha ◽  
G. Karthikeyan ◽  
K. Soorianathasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Somatic Embryo Germination

The study involved two auxins viz., 2,4-D (2,4-Diclorophenoxyacetic acid) and picloram at three different concentrations (1,2, 3 mg/L) in full strength MS media to study their comparative influence on induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of two gynodioecious varieties of papaya ‘CO.7’ and ‘Red Lady’. In papaya cultivar ‘CO.7’, 2,4-D at 2 mg/L gave the highest callus induction frequency of 90.93%, whereas comparatively higher concentration of 3 mg/L 2,4-D was found suitable for ‘Red Lady’ (87.26%). Although there was profuse callus formation, 2 mg/L 2,4-D recorded comparatively higher frequency of embryogenic calli in ‘Red Lady’ (51.67%) when compared to ‘CO.7’ (30.00%). Somatic embryo maturation was achieved upon transfer of embryogenic calli exhibiting globular stage embryos on to maturation medium (MS medium + ABA (Abscisic acid) and BAP (Benzyl amino purine) in different concentrations + glutamine 400 mg/L). In the maturation medium, the combination of 1.5 mg/L ABA and 0.4 mg/L BAP registered better conversion of the globular embryo to cotyledonary embryos than other levels. The frequency of somatic embryo germination was higher in ‘Red Lady’ (50.00%) as compared to ‘CO.7’ (31.67%) on half-strength MS medium devoid of growth regulators.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen application on the phytochemical production in Jatropha curcas L. (Angiosperms: Euphorbiaceae) during drought conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Adewole Adebusola ◽  
Odjegba Victor ◽  
Iwuala Emmanuel ◽  
Afroz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
And Control

Nitrogen is an important nutrient for the successful metabolism of plants, but its occurrence in soil is always very limited. This nutrient has a significant role to preserve plants during various stress conditions by altering the production rate of phytochemicals as defense weapons. Hence, this study was carried out to analyze the effect of nitrogen supply on the phytochemical composition and relative water content in Jatropha curcas L. under a simulated drought condition. The selected seedlings were grown from stem cuttings and categorized into different treated three groups along with the control. After the completion of the experiment, the growth pattern and phytochemical production were investigated. An increased malondialdehyde activity (MDA) was reported with a reduction in relative water content (RWC) of the leaf and in the biomass of seedlings under drought stress. A significant decrease in the levels of alkaloids, phenol, flavonoids and tannins with an increase in saponins and terpenoids was also observed in only simulated drought stressed plants. While a significant increase in the levels of total alkaloid, tannins, flavonoids and phenols was observed in those plants where exogenous nitrogen was supplied before the start of drought periods, unlike in treated and control plants. Therefore, it was revealed that application of Nitrogen enabled the plants to possess protective mechanism through the production of phytochemicals that facilitate the cell membrane to reduce the detrimental effects caused by drought stress.

scholarly journals Effects of amino acids and spermidine on somatic embryogenesis of Jatropha curcas L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3se) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Dang Giap ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Loan ◽  
Tran Trong Tuan ◽  
Le Thanh Tuan ◽  
Huynh Le Thien Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN STEK HORIZONTAL BATANG JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) YANG DIINTRODUKSI DENGAN PSEUDOMONAD FLUORESEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Linda Advinda
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Jatropha curcas L. is one of the plants that can be developed as raw material of biodiesel. One of the efforts to increase the production of J. curcas is the propagation of stem cuttings horizontally. Efforts to stimulate root growth can be accomplished by adding Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs). PGRs can be obtained naturally or synthetically. Indole acetic acid (IAA) is one of PGRs, which is not only produced by plants but can also be produced by rhizobacteria. One such rhizobacteria is fluorescent pseudomonad. The objectives of the study were to know the response of growth of horizontal stem cuttings after being introduced with fluorescent pseudomonad. This research is an experimental research.  Complete Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were soaking of J. curcas stem cuttings with fluorescent pseudomonad isolate suspension PfPj3 suspension concentration of 0% (without suspension), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Observation of the research is the beginning of the shoots, the number of shoots, and the length of the J. curcas stem shoot. The data obtained were analyzed using Anova and DNMRT significant level of 5%. The results showed that horizontal stem cuttings of J. curcas with fluorescent pseudomonad suspension influenced early shoot, shoot number, and shoot length. A 10% fluorescent pseudomonad concentration can cause shoots to appear early, while a concentration of 20% causes the largest number of shoots.

Effects of Polyethylene Glycol on Development of Grape (Vitis vinifera L. `Thompson Seedless') Somatic Embryos

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 557c-557
Author(s):  
Fred K. Westphal ◽  
Michael E. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Germination Medium ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Somatic Embryo Germination

Torpedo-stage somatic embryos were selected from actively growing cultures and trasferred to embryo maintenance medium [MS with (per liter) 412.5 mg NH4NO3, 475 mg KNO3, 1 g myo-inositol, 90 g sucrose, 2 g activated charcoal, and 7 g TC agar] supplemented with either 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Embryos placed on treatment media were transferred directly to grape somatic embryo germination medium [MS with (per liter) 1 g myo-inositol, 30 g sucrose, 1 M benzyladenine, and 7 g TC agar] once their PEG treatment was terminated. The number of embryos that germinated was recorded 4 weeks after transfer to somatic embryo germination medium. The number of germinated embryos that differentiated into plants was recorded at 8 weeks. There was no difference in germination rates and embryo differentiation among embryos incubated on medium with or without PEG for 4 weeks. A difference in embryo growth rate was observed after 8 weeks on medium with PEG. Embryo grew fastest on media containing 5% or 7.5% PEG. In addition, embryos grown on medium with 5% or 7.5% PEG were morphologically similar to zygotic embryos.

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