scholarly journals Stress Generation in Float Glass Plates Loaded with Blast Wave in a Vertical Square Shock Tube

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (1304) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Mizuki NISHI ◽  
Shin'ichi ARATANI ◽  
Hidenori OJIMA ◽  
Kazuyoshi TAKAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Glass Plates

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Glass Strength against Shock Wave Loading-Stress Generation of Float Glass Plates-

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (1297) ◽  
pp. 674-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miziki NISHI ◽  
Shin'ichi ARATANI ◽  
Hidenori OJIMA ◽  
Kazuyoshi TAKAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Shock Wave Loading ◽  
Wave Loading ◽  
Glass Strength ◽  
Glass Plates

Parametric Study of Blast Wave Formation in a Shock Tube

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Sachin Pullil ◽  
N. Vaibhav ◽  
R. Sanjay ◽  
S. R. Nagaraja
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Wave Formation

Size effect of the modulus of rupture in float glass plates

Structures ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1637-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Z. Yankelevsky
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Glass Plates

Design Considerations for Compression Gas Driven Shock Tube to Replicate Field Relevant Primary Blast Condition

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind Sundaramurthy ◽  
Raj K. Gupta ◽  
Namas Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Gaseous Product ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Primary Blast ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Positive Time

Detonation of a high explosive (HE) produces shock-blast wave, noise, shrapnel, and gaseous product; while direct exposure to blast is a concern near the epicenter; shock-blast can affect subjects even at farther distances. The latter is characterized as the primary blast with blast overpressure, time duration, and impulse as shock-blast wave parameters (SWPs). These parameters in turn are a function of the strength of the HE and the distance from the epicenter. It is extremely important to carefully design and operate the shock tube to produce a field relevant SWPs. In this work, we examine the relationship between shock tube adjustable parameters (SAPs) and SWPs to deduce relationship that can be used to control the blast profile and emulate the field conditions. In order to determine these relationships, 30 experiments by varying the membrane thickness, breech length (66.68 to 1209.68 mm) and measurement location was performed. Finally, ConWep was utilized for the comparison of TNT shock-blast profiles with the profiles obtained from shock tube. From these experiments, we observed the following: (a) burst pressure increases with increase in the number of membrane used (membrane thickness) and does not vary significantly with increase in the breech length; (b) within the test section, overpressure and Mach number increases linearly with increase in the burst pressure; however, positive time duration increases with increase in the breech length; (c) near the exit of the shock tube, there is a significant reduction in the positive time duration (PTD) regardless of the breech length.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Glass Strength against Shock Wave Loading-Stress Generation of Laminated Glass Plates-

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (1300) ◽  
pp. 930-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki NISHI ◽  
Shin'ichi ARATANI ◽  
Hidenori OJIMA ◽  
Kazuyoshi TAKAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
Shock Wave Loading ◽  
Wave Loading ◽  
Glass Strength ◽  
Glass Plates

Shock Tube Design for High Fidelity Blast Wave Simulation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ostoich ◽  
Mark Rapo ◽  
Brian Powell ◽  
Humberto Sainz ◽  
Philemon Chan
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Wave Simulation ◽  
Blast Overpressure ◽  
Blast Exposure ◽  
Significant Pathway

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognized as the signature wound of the current conflicts and it has been hypothesized that blast overpressure can contribute a significant pathway to TBI. As such, there are many ongoing research efforts to understand the mechanism to blast induced TBI, which all require blast testing using physical and biological surrogates either in the field or in the laboratory. The use of shock tubes to generate blast-like pressure waves in a laboratory can effectively produce the large amounts of data needed for research into blast induced TBI. A combined analytical, computational, and experimental approach was developed to design an advanced shock tube capable of generating high quality out-of-tube blast waves. The selected tube design was fabricated and laboratory tests at various blast wave levels were conducted. Comparisons of tube-generated laboratory data with explosive-generated field data indicated that the shock tube could accurately reproduce blast wave loading on test surrogates. High fidelity blast wave simulation in the laboratory presents an avenue to rapidly and inexpensively generate the large volumes of data necessary to validate and develop theories linking blast exposure to TBI.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Blast Wave Interaction With a Three Level Building

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Massoni ◽  
Laurent Biamino ◽  
Georges Jourdan ◽  
Ozer Igra ◽  
Lazhar Houas
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Level Building ◽  
Blast Wave Interaction ◽  
Good Agreement

The present work shows that weak blast waves that are considered as being harmless can turn to become fatal upon their reflections from walls and corners inside a building. In the experimental part, weak blast waves were generated by using an open-end shock tube. A three level building model was placed in vicinity to the open-end of the used shock tube. The evolved wave pattern inside the building rooms was recorded by a sequence of schlieren photographs; also pressure histories were recorded on the rooms' walls. In addition, numerical simulations of the evolved flow field inside the building were conducted. The good agreement obtained between numerical and experimental results shows the potential of the used code for identifying safe and dangerous places inside the building rooms penetrated by the weak blast wave.

scholarly journals Blast mitigation by perforated plates using an explosive driven shock tube: study of geometry effects and plate numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schunck ◽  
D. Eckenfels
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Shock Tube ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Incident Shock ◽  
Incident Shock Wave ◽  
Metallic Foam ◽  
Blast Mitigation ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Perforated Plates

AbstractThis work is set in the context of blast mitigation based on geometric means, namely perforated metallic plates or grids. When a shock wave passes through a perforated plate, the flow field is modified, and new shock waves are created, as well as regions of vortices and turbulence in which the energy of the wave can be dissipated. In this study, an explosive driven shock tube (EDST) was used to visualize the interaction of a blast wave with perforated plates or with a piece of cast metallic foam. Additionally, the overpressure and the impulse of the reflected blast wave on a wall located downstream were assessed. The use of an EDST allowed the evaluation of the mitigation capacity under a high dynamic loading. Several combinations of perforated plates were tested, varying the geometry and the number of plates, as well as switching between two different spacings. When the shock wave collided with a plate, we observed that part of the incident shock wave was reflected by the plate, while the remaining wave was transmitted through it. Downstream of the plate, both the overpressure and the impulse were reduced, this effect being more prominent as the porosity of the plates decreased. When two plates were placed as obstacles, this phenomenon of reflection/transmission was repeated twice consecutively, further reducing the downstream reflected overpressure and impulse. An array of three plates or a piece of metallic foam were even more effective in mitigating the blast wave. Varying the distance between two or three plates had no effect on blast mitigation.

Validations of Virtual Animal Model for Investigation of Shock/Blast Wave TBI

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Tan ◽  
Andrzej J. Przekwas ◽  
Joseph B. Long
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Shock Tube ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
Time History ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Biomechanical Response ◽  
Cfd Method

Complementary to animal testing and analysis of clinical data, a validated anatomy and physiology based mathematical models can provide capabilities for a better understanding of blast wave brain injury mechanisms, animal-human injury scaling, assessing and improving protective armor. We developed the 3D “virtual” animal models for multi-scale computational simulations of blast induced injury. A multi-scale modeling tool, CoBi, has been adopted for the analysis of blast wave primary TBI mechanisms and coupled biomechanics events. The shock wave over a rat in a shock tube was modeled by the CFD method. The primary biomechanics FEM study uses anatomic based animal geometry with a high resolution brain model. The virtual rat model has been validated against recently collected data from shock tube tests on rodents, including pressure time history in the free-stream and inside the rat brain. The model has been used to conduct parametric simulations to study the effect of animal placement location in the shock tube, and different loading orientations on the rat response. We also compared the rat brain biomechanical response between simulations of a free-to-move and a protected or constrained rat under the same shock tube loading to identify the role of body protection and head movement and on the rat TBI. The implications of these results suggest that virtual animal model could be used to predict the biomechanical response in the blast TBI event, and help design the protection against the blast TBI.

Computational Analysis for Validation of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury and Protection of Combat Helmet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Gary Tan ◽  
Amit Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Shock Tube ◽  
Blast Wave ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Blast Loads ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
The Brain

Current understanding of blast wave transmission and mechanism of primary traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the role of helmet is incomplete thus limiting the development of protection and therapeutic measures. Combat helmets are usually designed based on costly and time consuming laboratory tests, firing range, and forensic data. Until now advanced medical imaging and computational modeling tools have not been adequately utilized in the design and optimization of combat helmets. The goal of this work is to develop high fidelity computational tools, representative virtual human head and combat helmet models that could help in the design of next generation helmets with improved blast and ballistic protection. We explore different helmet configurations to investigate blast induced brain biomechanics and understand the protection role of helmet by utilizing an integrated experimental and computational method. By employing the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian fluid structure interaction (FSI) approach we solved the dynamic problem of helmet and head under the blast exposure. Experimental shock tube tests of the head surrogate provide benchmark quality data and were used for the validation of computational models. The full-scale computational NRL head-neck model with a combat helmet provides physical quantities such as acceleration, pressure, strain, and energy to blast loads thus provides a more complete understanding of the conditions that may contribute to TBI. This paper discusses possible pathways of blast energy transmission to the brain and the effectiveness of helmet systems at blast loads. The existing high-fidelity image-based finite element (FE) head model was applied to investigate the influence of helmet configuration, suspension pads, and shell material stiffness. The two-phase flow model was developed to simulate the helium-air shock wave interaction with the helmeted head in the shock tube. The main contribution was the elucidation of blast wave brain injury pathways, including wave focusing in ocular cavities and the back of head under the helmet, the effect of neck, and the frequency spectrum entering the brain through the helmet and head. The suspension material was seen to significantly affect the ICP results and energy transmission. These findings can be used to design next generation helmets including helmet shape, suspension system, and eye protection.

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