scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Prevalence of West Nile Virus Antibody among Horses, Donkeys and Camels in Borno State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saka Saheed Baba ◽  
Obinna Damian NNnadi ◽  
Kenas Dunama Hamman ◽  
Awal Saidu ◽  
Abduldahiru El Yuguda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preliminary Study

<p>In spite of several serological evidences for the presence of West Nile (WN) virus in Nigeria, the host range of the virus is not fully understood. In this study, the prevalence of the WN virus antibody was determined among horse, donkey and camel populations in Borno state, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty serum samples comprising of 96 sera from each of horses and camels and 58 from donkeys were tested for presence of WN virus neutralizing antibody. An overall prevalence of WN virus neutralizing antibody of 13.2% was noted in the population of animals tested.  Significant difference (P≤0.05) in prevalence was observed between the animals tested. Highest prevalence (17.7%) was noted in camels followed by horses (11.5%) and donkeys (8.6%). The results of this study confirmed the prevalence of WV virus antibody in camels in Nigeria and represented the first serosurvey for WN virus activities among horses and donkeys in this part of the country. There is considerable activity of the virus in the study area and provided evidence for the potential roles this group of animals could play in the epidemiology of WN virus infection in Nigeria.</p>

scholarly journals Serological evidence of West Nile virus infection in the horse population of northern Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 914-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Strahinja Medić ◽  
Rene Van den Hoven ◽  
Tamaš Petrović ◽  
Diana Lupulović ◽  
Norbert Nowotny
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Manuscript Preparation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
Lineage 2

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) in the horse population of northern Serbia. Furthermore, it aimed to provide insight and an updated overview on the circulation of this re-emerging pathogen in this part of southeastern Europe. At the time of manuscript preparation, no clinical cases of WNV infection in horses were reported in this area. Methodology: Between 2007 and 2011, a total of 252 equine serum samples were collected from seven different locations in northern Serbia. The presence of WNV-reactive IgG antibodies was examined by using commercial and in-house ELISAs. Selected ELISA-positive samples were re-tested by a WNV lineage 2 plaque reduction neutralization test 90% (PRNT-90). Results: In 28.6% of the 252 tested equine serum samples antibodies against WNV were detected. The results obtained with the in-house ELISA corresponded to the outcome of the commercial kit in 90% of the samples. All selected WNV antibody ELISA-positive samples were confirmed by PRNT-90 with neutralizing antibody titers of 1:23 to > 1:512. Conclusion: This study confirms the circulation of WNV in northern Serbia. No striking regional differences in seroprevalences were identified suggesting WNV circulation also in other parts of Serbia. Distances between wetlands or forests and stud farms do not appear to have an influence on WNV seroprevalence.

scholarly journals Use of a Surrogate Chimeric Virus To Detect West Nile Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Avian and Equine Sera

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Komar ◽  
Stanley Langevin ◽  
Thomas P. Monath
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus West Nile ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Biosafety Level

ABSTRACT A chimeric yellow fever virus/West Nile virus (WNV) was compared to WNV alone as a biosafety level 2 reagent in the plaque reduction neutralization test for determining WNV infection histories. Concordance was 96.3% among 188 avian and equine serum samples. Neutralizing antibody titers were frequently more than twofold lower with the chimera.

scholarly journals First Evidence of West Nile Virus in Hodeidah, Yemen: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qais Yusuf ◽  
Isra'a Al-Masrafi ◽  
Anas Al-Mahbashi ◽  
Asma'a Al-Areeqi ◽  
Mohammed Amood Al-Kamarany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Base Study ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
First Time

Introduction: West Nile Virus (WNV) infection is an important arthropod-borne zoonosis viral disease. This virus is neglected in Yemen especially in Hodeidah. Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study was to detect WNV infection, determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics within febrile patients in Hodeidah city and to determine some risk factors associated with WNV infection. Materials and Methods: 136 febrile patients in a hospital base study were diagnosed in Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (CTMID), Authority of General Al-Thawara Hospital, Hodeidah, Yemen from January of 2017 to December of 2017. WNV infection was detected by enzyme linkage immune sorbent assay (ELISA) on serum samples. Results and Discussion: The results showed that 5 cases (3.67%) were WNV – positive namely IgM that was detected in winter and spring seasons, the most prevalent antibodies of WNV were IgG namely 75 cases (55.14%). Most common symptoms were fever, headache, fatigue, weakness, arthralgia, myalgia and photophobia. The treatment based on the intravenous therapy (IV) with anti-pyritic, plasma in some cases and all cases were recovered while mortality rate was 00%. Conclusion: WNV was detected in Hodeidah which placed in Tehama "western Yemen", as first time by our preliminary study that confirmed the evidence of WNV IgM and IG antibodies presence on 2017, in order to increase safety of diagnosis of febrile diseases, it is essential to continue surveillance of this emerging infection, suggesting that this emergence has been transported by migratory birds from wintering areas to Tehama region.

scholarly journals Significance of IgG avidity test in diagnosis of west Nile virus infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Ivana Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic ◽  
Jelena Radovanov ◽  
Gordana Kovacevic ◽  
Aleksandra Patic ◽  
Natasa Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Igg Avidity

Introduction. Serological tests appear to be the method of choice for establishing the diagnosis in the late phase of West Nile virus infection. Long persistence of IgM antibodies against West Nile virus is described and may be a problem for determination of the time of acquisition of West Nile virus infection. The aim of the study was to estimate the significance of IgG avidity determination in establishing the diagnosis of West Nile virus infection. Material and Methods. In a study 56 serum samples seropositive against West Nile virus were included. 24 serum samples were collected in 2012 from healthy residents of South-Backa district and 32 serum samples were collected in 2014 from 124 patients suspected of having West Nile virus infection. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests were used for the detection of West Nile virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies and IgG avidity. Results. Out of 124 patients suspected of having West Nile virus infection, 32 (25.8%) were seropositive for West Nile virus antibodies. Acute infection was laboratory confirmed in 15 (46.9%) cases. All patients with acute infection were West Nile virus IgM positive, 13 (85%) were West Nile virus IgG positive, and 2 (15%) had a borderline result for West Nile virus IgG antibodies. Out of 32 seropositive patients the presence of IgM antibodies was determined in 22 (68.7%). In a group of samples with high IgG avidity values, 6 were IgM positive, while 8 were IgM negative. Conclusion. West Nile virus IgM and IgG antibody serological assays alone are not sufficient for the accurate and reliable diagnosis of WNV infection. West Nile virus IgG avidity testing is necessary to ensure the differential diagnosis of acute from past West Nile virus infection.

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