NEOTECTONICS OF A STRIKE-SLIP RESTRAINING BEND SYSTEM, JAMAICA

1985 ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL MANN ◽  
GRENVILLE DRAPER ◽  
KEVIN BURKE
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Restraining Bend

Numerical simulation of structural growth in the Lebanese restraining bends, Dead Sea fault system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Fedorik ◽  
Francesco E. Maesano ◽  
Abdulkader M. Alafifi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Boundary Element Methods ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Restraining Bend

<p>Strike-slip structures are rarely validated because commonly used 2D restoration techniques are not applicable. Here we present the results of 3D numerical simulation of the restraining bends in Lebanon using boundary element methods of fault deformation implemented in MOVE™. The Lebanon restraining bend is the largest transpressional feature along the Dead Sea Transform (DST), and consists of two mountain ranges: Mount Lebanon on the west, dominated by the active Yammouneh fault, and the Anti-Lebanon Range to the east, influenced by the Serghaya and other faults. We built a new 3D geometrical model of the fault surfaces based on previous mapping of faults onshore and offshore Lebanon, complemented by interpretation of satellite images and DEM, and analogy with experimental models of restraining bend or transpressional structures. The model was simulated in response to the regional stress produced by the left-lateral displacement of the Arabian plate. The simulation accurately predicted the shape and magnitude of positive and negative topographic changes and faults slip directions throughout Lebanon. Furthermore, this simulation supports the hypothesis that the formation of the Anti-Lebanon Range was influenced by the intersection of the DST with the older Palmyrides belt, resulting in failed restraining bend. In contrast, the structure of Mt. Lebanon is similar to laboratory experiments of a restraining bend without inheritance. In addition, our simulation presents an approach of how strike-slip structural models may be validated in areas where subsurface data are limited.</p>

scholarly journals Extreme Quaternary plate boundary exhumation and strike slip localized along the southern Fairweather fault, Alaska, USA

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Lease ◽  
Peter J. Haeussler ◽  
Robert C. Witter ◽  
Daniel F. Stockli ◽  
Adrian M. Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
The North ◽  
Exhumation Rates ◽  
Restraining Bend

Abstract The Fairweather fault (southeastern Alaska, USA) is Earth’s fastest-slipping intracontinental strike-slip fault, but its long-term role in localizing Yakutat–(Pacific–)North America plate motion is poorly constrained. This plate boundary fault transitions northward from pure strike slip to transpression where it comes onshore and undergoes a <25°, 30-km-long restraining double bend. To the east, apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) ages indicate that North America exhumation rates increase stepwise from ∼0.7 to 1.7 km/m.y. across the bend. In contrast, to the west, AHe age-depth data indicate that extremely rapid 5–10 km/m.y. Yakutat exhumation rates are localized within the bend. Further northwest, Yakutat AHe and zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) ages gradually increase from 0.3 to 2.6 Ma over 150 km and depict an interval of extremely rapid >6–8 km/m.y. exhumation rates that increases in age away from the bend. We interpret this migration of rapid, transient exhumation to reflect prolonged advection of the Cenozoic–Cretaceous sedimentary cover of the eastern Yakutat microplate through a stationary restraining bend along the edge of the North America plate. Yakutat cooling ages imply a long-term strike-slip rate (54 ± 6 km/m.y.) that mimics the millennial (53 ± 5 m/k.y.) and decadal (46 mm/yr) rates. Fairweather fault slip can account for all Pacific–North America relative plate motion throughout Quaternary time and indicates stability of highly localized plate boundary strike slip on a single fault where extreme rock uplift rates are persistently localized within a restraining bend.

scholarly journals Oceanic strike-slip faults represent active fluid conduits in the abyssal sub-seafloor

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hensen ◽  
Florian Scholz ◽  
Volker Liebetrau ◽  
Norbert Kaul ◽  
Marianne Nuzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Oceanic Lithosphere ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Abyssal Plain ◽  
Transport Reaction ◽  
Sea Mud ◽  
The One ◽  
Restraining Bend ◽  
Flower Structures

We present pore-fluid geochemistry and heat-flow data along the SWIM1 fault in the Horseshoe Abyssal Plain (northeastern Atlantic Ocean). The SWIM1 fault is part of the transcurrent plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia and cuts through as much as 5-km-thick sediments overlying >140 Ma oceanic lithosphere. In a number of places, restraining segments (as long as 15 km) of the SWIM1 fault generate anticlines (positive flower structures) that protrude as ~100-m-high hills above the abyssal plain. Heat flow and gradients of dissolved constituents in pore water are enhanced at these seafloor highs. Transport-reaction modeling confirms that slow advection of deep-seated fluids, depleted in Mg and enriched in Sr and CH4, can explain the observations. The geochemical signature is similar to the one observed at deep-sea mud volcanoes located eastward on the SWIM1 fault. The upward-migrating fluids have interacted with carbonate rocks at maximum 5 km depth, which represent the oldest sedimentary unit on top of the basement. We argue that deep-rooted fluids can generally be mobilized and transported upward along flower structures that formed in restraining-bend segments of long strike-slip faults. Such tectonic settings represent largely unrecognized corridors for mass exchange between lithosphere and ocean.

scholarly journals The December 2017 Hojedk (Iran) earthquake triplet—sequential rupture of shallow reverse faults in a strike-slip restraining bend

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 909-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Savidge ◽  
Edwin Nissen ◽  
Majid Nemati ◽  
Ezgi Karasözen ◽  
James Hollingsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Restraining Bend

Structural analysis of the Miniss River and related faults, western Superior Province: post-collisional displacement initiated at terrane boundaries

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1054
Author(s):  
K M Bethune ◽  
H H Helmstaedt ◽  
V J McNicoll
Keyword(s):  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Superior Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Winnipeg River ◽  
Granitoid Rocks ◽  
Restraining Bend ◽  
Dextral Strike Slip ◽  
Fundamental Boundary

Mountain building in the western part of the Archean Superior Province culminated with the formation of regional strike-slip faults. This paper reports on the kinematics and timing of several major faults at the juncture between the Uchi, English River, Winnipeg River, and western Wabigoon subprovinces. Sinistral-oblique mylonitization along the northeast-striking Miniss River fault occurred at 2681 [Formula: see text] Ma. This involved ~40 km of sinistral offset and a scissor-like motion whereby vertical displacement increased southwestward toward a restraining bend near Sioux Lookout. To the north, the Miniss River fault is intersected by the east-striking, dextral strike-slip Sydney Lake – Lake St. Joseph fault; the latter merges along strike with the Pashkokogan fault. Restoration of respective displacements indicates that the faults formed sequentially, not simultaneously in response to tectonic indentation. Dextral strike-slip motion along the Sydney Lake – Lake St. Joseph (– Pashkokogan) fault was instigated at ≤2670 Ma and drove greenschist-grade, dextral reactivation of the southwest segment of the Miniss River fault. U–Pb geochronology suggests that the latter coincides with an older terrane-boundary fault that juxtaposed ca. 2735 Ma juvenile, western Wabigoon arc complexes against ca. 3.05 Ga granitoid rocks of the Winnipeg River terrane. The Sydney Lake – Lake St. Joseph (– Pashkokogan) fault similarly demarcates a fundamental boundary between Uchian volcanoplutonic rocks and the English River accretionary prism. Strike-slip faults in this region therefore initiated at terrane boundaries and in some cases evolved so as to transect and displace these boundaries to accommodate further shortening during final stages of Archean orogenesis.

Failure Analysis Of Buried Gas Pipelines Crossing Seismic Faults

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-790
Author(s):  
M. Rizwan Akram ◽  
Ali Yesilyurt ◽  
A.Can. Zulfikar ◽  
F. Göktepe
Keyword(s):  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Seismic Fault ◽  
Fault Parameters ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Permanent Ground Deformation ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

Research on buried gas pipelines (BGPs) has taken an important consideration due to their failures in recent earthquakes. In permanent ground deformation (PGD) hazards, seismic faults are considered as one of the major causes of BGPs failure due to accumulation of impermissible tensile strains. In current research, four steel pipes such as X-42, X-52, X-60, and X-70 grades crossing through strike-slip, normal and reverse seismic faults have been investigated. Firstly, failure of BGPs due to change in soil-pipe parameters have been analyzed. Later, effects of seismic fault parameters such as change in dip angle and angle between pipe and fault plane are evaluated. Additionally, effects due to changing pipe class levels are also examined. The results of current study reveal that BGPs can resist until earthquake moment magnitude of 7.0 but fails above this limit under the assumed geotechnical properties of current study. In addition, strike-slip fault can trigger early damage in BGPs than normal and reverse faults. In the last stage, an early warning system is proposed based on the current procedure. 

Zircon geochronology and paleomagnetism of an Archean harzburgite intrusion, eastern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Alexandra Wallenberg ◽  
Michelle Dafov ◽  
David Malone ◽  
John Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Zircon Geochronology ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Mafic Complex ◽  
Laramide Orogeny ◽  
Axis Rotation ◽  
Bighorn Mountains

A harzburgite intrusion, which is part of the trailside mafic complex) intrudes ~2900-2950 Ma gneisses in the hanging wall of the Laramide Bighorn uplift west of Buffalo, Wyoming. The harzburgite is composed of pristine orthopyroxene (bronzite), clinopyroxene, serpentine after olivine and accessory magnetite-serpentinite seams, and strike-slip striated shear zones. The harzburgite is crosscut by a hydrothermally altered wehrlite dike (N20°E, 90°, 1 meter wide) with no zircons recovered. Zircons from the harzburgite reveal two ages: 1) a younger set that has a concordia upper intercept age of 2908±6 Ma and a weighted mean age of 2909.5±6.1 Ma; and 2) an older set that has a concordia upper intercept age of 2934.1±8.9 Ma and a weighted mean age 2940.5±5.8 Ma. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was used as a proxy for magmatic intrusion and the harzburgite preserves a sub-horizontal Kmax fabric (n=18) suggesting lateral intrusion. Alternating Field (AF) demagnetization for the harzburgite yielded a paleopole of 177.7 longitude, -14.4 latitude. The AF paleopole for the wehrlite dike has a vertical (90°) inclination suggesting intrusion at high latitude. The wehrlite dike preserves a Kmax fabric (n=19) that plots along the great circle of the dike and is difficult to interpret. The harzburgite has a two-component magnetization preserved that indicates a younger Cretaceous chemical overprint that may indicate a 90° clockwise vertical axis rotation of the Clear Creek thrust hanging wall, a range-bounding east-directed thrust fault that accommodated uplift of Bighorn Mountains during the Eocene Laramide Orogeny.

EXPONENTIAL STRIKE-SLIP DISLOCATION MODEL IN DISSIMILAR ANISOTROPIC MEDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Madan ◽  
Poonam Arya ◽  
N. R. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Media ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Dislocation Model ◽  
Slip Dislocation
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