Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Tekanan Darah Orang Dewasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar kolesterol total dengan tekanan darah. Data dikumpulkan pada 14-21 Juni 2011, terhadap 51 subjek penelitian berusia > 30 tahun yang tidak mengonsumsi obat antihipertensi ataupun antikolesterol, dipilih secara consecutive antara pengunjung Puskesmas Kelurahan Joglo-II, Jakarta. Tekanan darah diukur dengan sfigmomanometer sesuai pedoman baku. Kadar kolesterol total darah sewaktu diukur dari sampel darah tepi dengan alat tes kolesterol. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier, korelasi Pearson dan General Linear Model dengan koreksi Bonferroni. Pada 51 responden (nilai tengah usia 50 tahun, 70,6% perempuan), rerata kadar ko- lesterol total adalah 200 mg/dL dan rerata tekanan darah adalah 135/84 mmHg. Pada faktor perancu yang disetarakan, kadar kolesterol total yang tinggi berhubungan dengan tingginya tekanan darah sistolik (r = 0,39; nilai p = 0,005) ataupun diastolik (r = 0,43; nilai p = 0,002). Responden pada kelompok kuartil ketiga total kolesterol memiliki tekanan darah 26/11 mmHg lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan mereka pada kelompok kuartil kedua (nilai p = 0,001 dan nilai p = 0,002 berturut-turut untuk tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik). Menjaga kadar kolesterol total dalam batas normal merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mencegah hipertensi.This cross-sectional study was aimed to examine the association between total cholesterol levels and blood pressures. Data was collected on June 14-21, 2011, among 51 subjects, aged >30 years, who were taking neither antihypertensive nor anticholesterol drug, consecutively selected among peoples attending Joglo-II Sub-district Primary Health Center, Jakarta. Blood pressures were measured using a manual sphygmomanometer according to the standard protocols. Peripheral blood samples were collected and non-fasting total cholesterol were assessed using a cholesterol-test kit. Analyses were perfomed using linear regression, Pearson correlation, and General Linear Model (with Bonferroni correction). In 51 respondents (median age 50 years, 70.6% female), mean total cholesterol level was 200 mg/dL and blood pressure were 135/84 mmHg. After adjust- ment for confounding factors, higher total cholesterol levels were associat- ed with higher systolic (r = 0.39; p value = 0.005) or diastolic (r = 0.43; p value = 0.002) blood pressures. Participant in the third quartile category had blood pressures 26/11 mmHg significantly higher than that of those in the second quartile category (p value = 0,001 and p value = 0,002 for sistolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively). Maintaining total cholesterol levels within the normal limits may be one way to prevent hypertension.

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Mental activities after dinner increase cigarettes consumption

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81978-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xuechan Yu ◽

Yiming Yu ◽

Hongying Ma ◽

Zhongbo Chen ◽

Zaichun Deng

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Linear Model ◽

Model Test ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

General Linear Model ◽

Sleep Time ◽

General Linear ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Correlation Test ◽

Pearson Correlation Test

AbstractTobacco smoking is the main risk factor for many diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as well as lung cancer and cigarettes. Smokers usually keep continuing to smoke during their mental activities in the evening between dinner and sleep time on work days. So it is critical to elucidate the relationship between cigarettes daily consumption and mental activities after dinner. A survey designed by ourselves was finished among 369 patients who came to our clinic for smoking cessation. Age, gender, BMI, cigarettes consumption were recorded and analyzed. Statistically, Pearson correlation test and general linear model test were used. Compared to ≤ 40 years’ group, patients with mental activities after dinner consumed more cigarettes than those without mental activities (22.80 ± 10.86 vs. 30.88 ± 18.69, P value < 0.001). The Pearson correlation test showed no interact effects on age and BMI, and general linear model test showed that the cigarettes numbers between smokers with mental activities after dinner and smokers without mental activities after dinner are different (P value < 0.001). Mental activities from dinner finish to sleep time increase cigarettes consumption. It provides evidence that mental thinking activities after dinner is a risk factor of tobacco using.

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PENGARUH SELF EFFICACY, REWARD AND PUNISHMENT, DAN ASIMETRI INFORMASI TERHADAP BUDGETARY SLACK: STUDI EKSPERIMEN PADA KONTEKS PENGANGGARAN PARTISIPATIF

Nominal Barometer Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen ◽

10.21831/nominal.v6i1.14333 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fitri Adriyani ◽

Sukirno Sukirno

Keyword(s):

Linear Model ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

General Linear Model ◽

General Linear ◽

P Value ◽

Budgetary Slack ◽

Reward And Punishment

Pengaruh Self Efficacy, Reward And Punishment, Dan Asimetri Informasi Terhadap Budgetary Slack: Studi Eksperimen Pada Konteks Penganggaran Partisipatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh Self Efficacy terhadap Budgetary Slack; (2) pengaruh Reward and Punishment terhadap Budgetary Slack; dan (3) pengaruh Asimetri Informasi terhadap Budgetary Slack. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2x2x2 between subject. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Akuntansi dan Pendidikan Akuntansi angkatan 2014 Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta sebanyak 154 mahasiswa. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan metode angket. Hipotesis penelitian diolah menggunakan alat uji statistik two ways ANOVA menggunakan General Linear Model. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tingkatan Self Efficacy terbukti tidak berpengaruh terhadap Budgetary Slack. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan p-value signifikan sebesar 0,928 > 0,05 dan F hitung < F tabel, yaitu 0,008 < 3,90. (2) Reward and Punishment terbukti berpengaruh terhadap Budgetary Slack yang ditunjukkan dengan p-value signifikan 0,004 < 0,005 dan F hitung > F tabel, yaitu 8,362 > 3,90. (3) Tingkatan Asimetri Informasi terbukti tidak berpengaruh terhadap Budgetary Slack. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan p-value signifikan sebesar 0,667 > 0,005 dan F hitung < F tabel, yaitu 0,186 < 3,90. Kata kunci: Budgetary Slack, Self Efficacy, Reward, Punishment, Asimetri Informasi.

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Pemberian air rebusan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol pada lansia dengan hiperkolesterolemia

HOLISTIK JURNAL KESEHATAN ◽

10.33024/hjk.v15i1.3351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 39-47

Author(s):

Widiyono Widiyono ◽

Atik Aryani ◽

Vitri Dyah Herawati

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Level ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

P Value ◽

Low Density ◽

Herbal Therapy ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Cholesterol Levels

The effectiveness of Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) to decrease blood total cholesterol level among elderly with HypercholesterolemiaBackground: Total cholesterol levels will gradually increase with age. In the elderly, uncontrolled cholesterol will be a risk factor for life-threatening diseases such as stroke and cardiovascular disease. Observing the adverse effects of hypercholesterolemia, appropriate intervention needed. The treatment of Hypercholesterolemia by using complementary herbal therapy as bay leaves. Bay leaves also contain quercetin, which is a flavonoid that plays a role in strong antioxidants because it can prevent oxidation of LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein). Flavonoids can also prevent fat deposition on the walls of blood vessels.Purpose : To determine the effect of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) on reducing the cholesterol levels among elderly with Hypercholesterolemia, Method: A quasi-experimental One Group pretest-posttest design without control. The sampling taken by purposive sampling. The number of samples of this study were 29 participants.The cholesterol levels measured using a GCU (Glucose Cholesterol Urid acid), which was calibrated and had good accuracy. The statistical test used is the Paired sample t-test. As for the making of a concoction of bay leaves at each dose of administration by; as much as 10 bay leaves boiled with 400ml of water until the remaining 200ml. 400 ml per day provide in morning and evening and the therapy takes out for 1 full a month and ends with a blood examination evaluation with GCU.Results : The analysis showing that there was a significant difference in the mean cholesterol levels before and after being given the bay leaf stew with a p value of 0.001, which means that there was an effect of the provision of bay leaf boiled water on reducing cholesterol levels.Conclusion: The bay leaf is a complementary herbal therapy that is cheap and can find everywhere in Indonesia also is a non-invasive treatment. This intervention expected as alternative a non-pharmacological therapeutic method in overcoming hypercholesterolemia in the elderly.Keywords: Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum); Total cholesterol level; Elderly; HypercholesterolemiaPendahuluan: Kadar kolestrol total akan meningkat secara bertahap seiring bertambahnya usia. Pada lansia, kolesterol yang tidak terkontrol akan menjadi berbagai faktor risiko penyakit yang mengancam jiwa seperti stroke dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Mencermati dampak buruk dari hiperkolesterolemia maka diperlukan intervensi yang tepat. Mengatasi hiperkolesterolemia dapat dilakukan dengan pengunaan terapi komplementer herbal berupa pemberian air rebusan daun salam. Daun salam juga mengandung quercetin, yaitu Flavonoid yang berperan dalam antioksidan kuat karena mampu mencegah oksidasi LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein). Flavonoid juga dapat mencegah pengendapan lemak pada dinding pembuluh darah.Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian air rebusan dalam salam terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol lanisa yang mengalami Hipercholesterolemia.Metode : Penelitian quasy eksperimental dan menggunakan rancangan One Group pretest-posttest design without Control. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan secara purposive sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitiannya 29 partisipan. Kadar kolesterol pada partisipan diukur dengan menggunakan alat cek kolesterol GCU (Glukosa Colesterol Urid acid) yang sudah dikalibrasi dan memiliki akurasi yang baik. Uji statistic yang digunakan yakni uji Paired sample t-test. Adapun pembuatan ramuan daun salam pada setiap dosis pemberian dengan cara; rebus sebanyak 10 lembar daun salam dengan 400ml air hingga tersisa 200ml.400 ml per hari berikan pagi dan sore dan terapi berlangsung selama 1 bulan penuh dan diakhiri dengan evaluasi pemeriksaan darah dengan GCU.Hasil : Menunjukan bahwa ada perbedaan rerata kadar kolesterol yang bermakna sebelum dan sesudah diberikan rebusan daun salam dengan nilai p value 0,001 yang berarti ada pengaruh pemberian air rebusan daun salam terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol.Simpulan: Pemberian rebusan air daun salam merupakan terapi komplementer herbal yang murah, mudah, dapat dilakukan dimanapun dan kapanpun dan merupakan tindakan non-invasif. Intervensi ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai metode terapi non farmakalogi dalam mengatasi hiperkolesterolemia pada lansia.

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Perbedaan Asupan Energi, Zat Gizi Makro dan Serat Berdasarkan Kadar Kolesterol Total pada Dewasa Muda Vegetarian di Indonesia Vegetarian Society Jakarta

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia ◽

10.26714/jkmi.16.1.2021.60-72 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Afrida Sukmawati ◽

Laras Sitoayu ◽

Yulia Wahyuni ◽

Vira Herliana Putri

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Distribution Data ◽

P Value ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Vegetarians are people who live from consuming plant-based (or plant-based) products with or without milk and eggs, but over all avoid eating meat, poultry and marine animals.. According to Household Health Survey (SKRT) cited Budiarti, in 2004 prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Indonesia in the age range 25-65 years of 11.2%. One way to prevent elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood is to change the diet to become a vegetarian. Objective: To purpose the difference between energy intake, macro nutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrates), fiber, based on total cholesterol levels in young vegetarian adults in Indonesia Vegetarian Society Jakarta. Methods: Cross sectional study design, independent Bed T-Test test if normal distribution data and Mann Whitney if the data is not normally distributed. Determination of the sample was done by means of different test of two mean and obtained sample of 70 people. Results: The results of the statistical test obtained p-value for energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, carbohydrate intake based on total cholesterol level with normal and abnormal category showed significant difference (p-value ≤ 0,05), and mean fiber intake showed no significant difference (p-value > 0,05). Conclusions: There are differences in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate intake based on normal and abnormal total cholesterol levels, and fiber intake are expressed as no difference. There is a need for nutritional counseling and routine monitoring of total cholesterol in young vegetarian adults in IVS Jakarta.

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Cholesterol levels: the prognostic significance in ICU patients

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20182118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 652

Author(s):

Jeyasuriya A. ◽

Badrinath A. K. ◽

Saranya Nagalingam

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Level ◽

Total Cholesterol Level ◽

Disease Outcome ◽

P Value ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Prognostic Tool ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

The Mean

Background: The aims of the study were to monitor the total cholesterol levels at different time intervals in ICU patients and to analogize the values with the outcome of disease, to study the prevalence of hypocholesterolemia among ICU patients and to assess the trend of hypocholesterolemia among various diseases.Methods: Present study populace consists of 55 patients admitted in ICU. For these patients, lipid profile was done on the day of admission and day-3 of admission. The total cholesterol levels done on day 1 and 3 were compared with disease outcome.Results: The mean cholesterol value among 33 survivors on day 1 was 120.76(±18.54) and day 3 was 145.30 (±55.65) with p value of 0.019, that is statistically significant. As the total cholesterol value increases during the period of ICU stay, it proves to be an early prognostic indicator of disease outcome. The patients showing increasing trend of total cholesterol levels has increased chances of survival. Similarly, HDL value among 33 survivors on day 1 was 31.70 (±3.98) and day 3 was 36.39 (±11.98), with p value of 0.033, that is statistically significant and also, the mean LDL value among 33 survivors on day 1 was 68.25 (±17.14) and day 3 was 78.78 (±24.74), with p value of 0.009, which was also found to be statistically significant. The mean cholesterol value among 22 non-survivors on day 1 was 131.64 (±15.24) and day 3 was 122.09 (±26.23), the mean HDL among 22 non-survivors on day 1 was 33.14 (±3.79) and day 3 was 31.32 (±4.23).Conclusions: Present study’s intend of monitoring the total cholesterol level was successfully demonstrated that it can be used as prognostic tool in ICU patients. The increasing trend in total cholesterol level indicates better prognosis of disease outcome. Similarly, the increasing trend in HDL and LDL levels also can be used as prognostic tool to determine the survival rate of patient.

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