Modeling for the Evaluation of Marine Economic Development Trends in Nansha Free Trade Areas under the Background of The Belt and Road Policy

Connectivity has always been a hindrance for landlocked countries to efficiently deliver their products and services across the globe. Such issue is no different in case of Nepal. Being a mountainous and landlocked country, Nepal is facing problems in trade, transportation and economic development. The introduction of the Belt and Road Initiatives by China to improve trade and connectivity among its member countries brings a new hope of economic prosperity. One can simply argue on the dark side of the project through media evidence illustrating the case of Hambantota Port, Sri Lanka. The purpose of the paper is to identify and formulate strategies for implementing the BRI projects in Nepal for enhancing economic development through connectivity. Paucity of academic discourse on the implementation strategies of the BRI project in Nepal was one of the motivating factors for this research. Literature review forms the major portion of research methodology and critical analysis has been done to derive conclusions. During the last 4 decades, China had an impressive achievement transforming itself from agricultural economy to world class digital powerhouse. It was found that from hardworking farmers, they have moved to become a traveller for pleasure and business. And now with its global development strategy involving infrastructure development and investment in more than 150 countries, it is at the edge of becoming the super power of the world. Nepal’s participation in the BRI goes beyond physical connectivity as we share history immemorial in terms of trade, religion, ideas and culture. The connectivity projects will definitely shape the trade of Nepal through exposure and efficient custom and transit transport procedures overcoming the problems in trade, transportation and economic development.

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Beijing’s ambitions and assertiveness will grow

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db256448 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Economic Development ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Policy Agenda ◽

Senior Leadership ◽

Content Type ◽

Self Interest ◽

The World ◽

Belt And Road ◽

The Belt And Road

Significance The senior leadership seeks to defend its position within China, first and foremost by preserving and strengthening the power of the Party through which it rules. China’s growing wealth and power create new opportunities for the Party to bolster its power -- and give rise to new threats that could undermine it. Impacts China’s ambitions centre on itself; they do not involve remaking the world in China’s image. China’s interests converge with other states' on climate change and economic cooperation; disputes concern how gains and costs are shared. China’s pursuit of its self-interest may sometimes have positive spill-overs, such as when it shares innovations, freely or otherwise. Despite controversies and setbacks, the Belt and Road will provide infrastructure critical for economic development globally. Beijing, long a practitioner of commercial espionage, is becoming bolder in its use of cyber operations to pursue its foreign policy agenda.

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The Role of the Broad-Gauge Metallurgy Line PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa Sp. z o.o. and the Belt and Road Initiative: Transportation in the Development of the Lublin Province

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska sectio H Oeconomia ◽

10.17951/h.2020.54.2.7-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Mirosław Antonowicz ◽

Zbigniew Tracichleb

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Silk Road ◽

Border Crossings ◽

Belt And Road Initiative ◽

Belt And Road ◽

The Belt And Road ◽

The Silk Road

<p>The article presents the railway entity PKP LHS Sp. z o.o. and its role in the development of the New Silk Road. In consequence, the increase in traffic on the Silk Road with the participation of Polish companies translates into the economic development of the Lublin Province and the development of border crossings in that province. The importance of transport corridors and the participation of PKP LHS in the development of those corridors have been highlighted. Investment assumptions have been presented, the effects of which will be visible in a few years, strengthening the potential and economic capabilities of the province.</p>

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Does ‘The Belt and Road Initiative’ Promote the Economic Growth of Key Participating Provinces? Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment Design

International Journal of Economics and Finance ◽

10.5539/ijef.v12n5p101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Shan Gao ◽

Maoguo Wu

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Western China ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Empirical Results ◽

West Central ◽

Central Regions ◽

Belt And Road ◽

The Belt And Road

As a new Chinese national strategy, ‘The Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative’ has attracted substantial interest with its broad development prospect and huge economic impetus. However, existing research is not comprehensive due to the limitation of specific industry and there are few empirical studies. This paper adopted the panel data of key participating provinces in China from 2008 to 2017 according to the China City Statistical Yearbook to fill in the research gap. Around the issue of whether the B&R initiative promotes the economic development of Chinese key participating provinces along the routes, this paper proposed three hypotheses and used DID, PSM-DID and DDD methods to study relevant factors and the influencing mechanism. The empirical results show that the B&R policy could promote the overall economic development of participants on the whole, despite a certain degree of policy effect lag. Moreover, after the division of geographical location and administrative level in the eastern and west-central regions of China, the study found that the B&R initiative has significantly facilitated the advancement of the economy in the west-central areas, especially the less developed regions. In addition, after the classification of marketization degree, it is found that the B&R policy has a greater promoting effect on regions with high marketization degree than those with low marketization degree. Through the mechanism test, it is discovered that the tertiary industry is the main economic accelerator for growth in central and western China. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper provided policy suggestions to further implement the B&R strategy.

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Pattern and Influencing Factors of Foreign Direct Investment Networks between Countries along the “Belt and Road” Regions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11174724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 4724 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

He ◽

Cao

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Bilateral Trade ◽

Evolution Process ◽

Quadratic Assignment ◽

Investment Pattern ◽

Belt And Road ◽

The Belt And Road

With the in-depth implementation of the “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI), the investment patterns between Belt and Road countries have also become more complicated. The impact of this complex investment network on regional economic development is also growing. To reveal the complexity of this investment pattern, and to better promote the sustainable development of the region’s economy, this paper used the complex network method to study the foreign direct investment(FDI) network of 50 countries along the Belt and Road from 2003 to 2017, revealing its structural and behavioral characteristics and evolution process. The results showed that the imbalance of the investment network structure is outstanding, and preferential selection behavior is obvious. The Central and Eastern European countries show significant clustering behavior. In addition, the network evolved slowly and followed the “Pareto rule” in the early stages of its evolution. The BRI was a turning point in the evolution process. On this basis, the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) regression analysis method was used to further study the factors affecting the formation process of this investment pattern. It found that economic development level, geographical distance, and bilateral trade were the main influencing factors. Among them, bilateral trade had the greatest impact on the pattern of network.

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Comparative Advantages of Free Trade Port Construction in Shanghai under the Belt and Road Initiative

International Journal of Financial Studies ◽

10.3390/ijfs8010006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Hao Hu ◽

Shufang Wang ◽

Jin-liao He

Keyword(s):

Free Trade ◽

Institutional Innovation ◽

Free Trade Zone ◽

Belt And Road Initiative ◽

Free Trade Zones ◽

Comparative Advantages ◽

Belt And Road ◽

Trade Port ◽

The Belt And Road ◽

Opening Up

As China’s opening-up grows wider under the Belt and Road Initiative, the exploration and construction of free trade ports have received increasing attention. In 2018, China’s first free trade port was settled in Hainan instead of Shanghai. In 2019, after the Lingang New Area of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was approved by the central government, six new pilot free trade zones were launched in Shandong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Yunnan, and Guangxi provinces. As the bridgehead of the Belt and Road Initiative, Shanghai established the first and biggest pilot free trade zone in China and gained the priority of institutional innovation exploration in Lingang New Area. Whether and how Shanghai will lead the construction of free trade ports and the new round of higher-level opening-up has become a research agenda that requires further study. Based on the document analysis, competition analysis and factor analysis in this paper, the following results were drawn out: (1) The construction of a free trade port is an upgrade of the 18 free trade zones and the 50 cities involved, and it needs more high-level opening-up, more sophisticated services, more rigorous supervision, and more professional talent; (2) With its geographical location, economic foundation, development support, and industrial services, Shanghai has the potential, foundation, and momentum to explore institutional innovation in the construction of pilot free trade zones and free trade port; (3) Development basis, port shipping, talent attraction, service support, risk supervision and control are the five major comparative advantages and the important driving factors that need to be considered in exploring and leading the construction of China’s free trade port under the higher quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative.

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Entrepreneurship and Innovation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in China

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190900533.013.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155-167

Author(s):

Jin Chen ◽

Liying Wang

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

World Economy ◽

Road Construction ◽

External Demand ◽

International Environment ◽

The World ◽

Belt And Road ◽

The Belt And Road ◽

Opening Up

The long-term gradual recovery of the world economy has provided a good international environment for entrepreneurship and innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). With the continuous deepening of reforms and policies such as “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” and “Internet Plus,” unprecedented policy dividends have benefited SMEs’ entrepreneurship and innovation. In particular, the new round of opening up, led by “The Belt and Road” construction, will stimulate more external demand, which will provide good opportunities for the development of SMEs. With the current weak foundation for the recovery of the world economy, there are still many uncertainties. The problem of insufficient and imbalanced domestic economic development is still outstanding, and economic development still faces many difficulties and challenges. Overall, the international and domestic environment faced by China’s SMEs is improving.

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