This study examines the determinants of child labour in Mardan and Nowshera districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Primary data on socioeconomic characteristics of children engaged and did not engage in child labour were obtained from Labour Education Organization Mardan. Age of the children and family size are positively and education is negatively and significantly associated with the probability of children participation in labour market. The probability of child labour is more with the household income although with a very low coefficient value which is contrary to our expectations and may ne indicative that child labour could be a major source of household income. This study suggests that subsidies may be provided to families for their children education. Family size is also positively related to the child labour, therefore steps may be taken towards encouraging small family sizes and thereby reducing the child labour.
For the purpose of the development of novel approaches during the commission stage, the hygienic
assessment of conditions of training in specially constructed innovative building of SKOLKOVO
International Gymnasium was performed. Hygienic examination of innovative architectural and
planning solutions, learning conditions and hygienic modeling of the optimal placement of furniture
and equipment in multi-faceted educational facilities with panoramic glazing made it possible to predict
the provision of the gymnasium with an optimal level of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of
students. This is achieved by the innovative layout of the gymnasium building and its territory.
Hygienic specification of zoning of both buildings and premises of the educational institution, include
the requirements to satisfy the hygienic criteria on children education, motor activity, organization of
proper nutrition, and using the building as a center for family leisure. Hygienic modeling of educational
furniture and equipment provides optimal conditions (viewing angle) for visual work of students in all
multifaceted classes. The obtained data are the basis for amendments to the state sanitary and epidemiological
rules and regulations in the field of organization of education and upbringing of children.
The paper presents recent approaches to institutional education of children under three years in a wider international and European context. It introduces concepts of creation of educational programs for children in some countries of Europe and the USA. Unlike in former socialist countries, the issue of young children education is in focus in countries with a developed system of pre-school education, including educational training of people working in various types of nurserie.
Currently the development of children is the center of attention for families and schools, where at this time technology or social media in the current digital era has a very good and bad impact on children if parents and teachers do not monitor children in using social media. the impact of the misuse of technology, it must continue to guide children. Education in schools is very helpful for the growth and development of children. Because children who receive education at school understand more about some of the things that can be learned at school and children's behavior is more functional because it is shaped by observation and influenced by what they get. When parents or teachers educate children well, the child's association will be better. Because nowadays, especially the use of technology or social media, it really has an impact on children.
This study investigated the efficient use of resources in the production of organic vegetables, namely: beetroot, cabbage, carrot, pepper, spinach and tomatoes. The findings indicated that land, labour, organic manure, seeds, soil preparation, age; children, education level and farm legal entity all had significant effect in organic vegetables production in the region. The use of inputs in the production of the vegetables showed increasing returns to scale. As a result of this, the study suggested that in order for farmers to produce efficiently; all inputs that were significant in the production of the vegetables needed to be doubled in order to double the output.
Resource Use Efficiency in Organic Vegetable Production: A Case Study of Manzini Region, Swaziland