scholarly journals New microplanktonic biostratigraphy and depositional sequences across the Middle–Late Eocene and Oligocene boundaries in eastern Jordan

GeoArabia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-172
Author(s):  
Sherif Farouk ◽  
Mahmoud Faris ◽  
Fayez Ahmad ◽  
John H. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Depositional Sequences ◽  
Global Correlation

ABSTRACT The first detailed calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic and integrated lithofacies analyses of the Eocene–Oligocene transition at the Qa’ Faydat ad Dahikiya area in the Eastern Desert of Jordan, on the border with Saudi Arabia, is presented. Three calcareous nannofossil zones namely: Discoaster saipanensis (NP17), Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (NP18) and Ericsonia subdisticha (NP21), and three planktonic foraminiferal zones: upper part of Truncorotaloides rohri (E13), Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta (E14) and Cassigerinella chipolensis/Pseudohastigerina micra (O1) are identified. Calcareous nannofossil bioevents recorded in the present study show numerous discrepancies with the Standard biostratigraphic zonal schemes to detect the Middle/Upper Eocene boundary (e.g. the highest occurrences (HOs) of Chiasmolithus solitus, C. grandis, and lowest occurrences (LOs) of C. oamaruensis, Isthmolithus recurvus are not considered reliable markers for global correlation). The Middle/Upper Eocene boundary occurs in the current study above the extinctions of large muricate planktonic foraminifera (large Acarinina and Truncorotaloides spp.) which coincide within the equivalent calcareous nannofossil NP18 Zone. These microplanktonic bioevents seem to constitute more reliable markers for the base of the Upper Eocene in different provinces. The uppermost portion of the Middle Eocene is characterized by an observed drop in faunal content and, most likely, primarily denotes the effect of the major fall in eustatic sea level. A major unconformity (disconformity) marked by a mineralized hardground representing a lowstand is recorded in the present study at the Eocene–Oligocene transition that reveals an unexpected ca. 2.1 Myr duration, separating Eocene (NP18/E14 zones) from Oligocene (NP21/O1 zones). Furthermore, the microfossil turnover associated with a rapid decline of the microfossil assemblages shows a distinct drop in diversity and abundance towards the Eocene/Oligocene unconformity and is associated with a sharp lithological break marked, at the base, by a mineralized hardground representing a major sequence boundary. These bioevents, depositional sequences and the depositional hiatus correlate well with different parts of the Arabian and African plates, but the magnitude of the faunal break differs from place to place as a result of intraplate deformation during the regional Oligocene regression of Neo-Tethys on the northern Arabian Plate. The presence of the Lower Oligocene shallow-marine calcareous planktonic assemblages in the study area indicate that communication between the eastern and western provinces of the western Neo-Tethys region still existed at this time.

scholarly journals Upper Eocene planktonic foraminifera from northern Saudi Arabia: implications for stratigraphic ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Bridget S. Wade ◽  
Mohammed H. Aljahdali ◽  
Yahya A. Mufrreh ◽  
Abdullah M. Memesh ◽  
Salih A. AlSoubhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges ◽  
Latest Eocene ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Abstract. The Rashrashiyah Formation of the Sirhan Basin in northern Saudi Arabia contains diverse assemblages of planktonic foraminifera. We examined the biostratigraphy, stratigraphic range and preservation of upper Eocene planktonic foraminifera. Assemblages are well-preserved and diverse, with 40 species and 11 genera. All samples are assigned to the Priabonian Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta Highest Occurrence Zone (E14), consistent with calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy indicating Zone CNE17. Well-preserved planktonic foraminifera assemblages from the lower part of the upper Eocene are rare worldwide. Our study provides new insights into the stratigraphic ranges of many species. We find older (Zone E14) stratigraphic occurrences of several species of Globoturborotalita previously thought to have evolved in the latest Eocene (Zone E15, E16) or Oligocene; these include G. barbula, G. cancellata, G. gnaucki, G. pseudopraebulloides, and G. paracancellata. Older stratigraphic occurrences for Dentoglobigerina taci and Subbotina projecta are also found, and Globigerinatheka kugleri occurs at a younger stratigraphic level than previously proposed. Our revisions to stratigraphic ranges indicate that the late Eocene had a higher tropical–subtropical diversity of planktonic foraminifera than hitherto reported.

scholarly journals Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of Eocene oil shales from central Jordan

GeoArabia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alqudah ◽  
Mohammad Ali Hussein ◽  
Olaf G. Podlaha ◽  
Sander van den Boorn ◽  
Sadat Kolonic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Central Jordan ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy ◽  
Oil Shales

ABSTRACT Cretaceous and Paleogene marls, rich in total organic carbon, are widespread throughout Jordan and adjoining areas. Based on planktonic foraminifera these oil shales have been assigned a late Campanian–Paleocene age in previous studies. For the current analysis a total of 283 smear slides from five wells in central Jordan have been investigated for calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy. Findings suggest a much more differentiated age model of the oil shales than previously proposed. The oil shales studied contain abundant calcareous nannofossil taxa of Eocene age along with varying abundances of Maastrichtian and Paleocene taxa. The encountered marker species Rhomboaster cuspis, Tribrachiatus bramlettei, Tribrachiatus orthostylus, Discoaster lodoensis, Coccolithus crassus, Discoaster sublodoensis, Nannotetrina quadrata, Reticulofenestra umbilicus and Chiasmolithus solitus, indicate an Early to Middle Eocene age, while the presence of Maastrichtian and Paleocene forms suggests major reworking. The presence of Cretaceous taxa reflects either subaerial erosive input from the hinterland or submarine reworking of Cretaceous strata within the basin. The highly variable amount of reworked material and associated deposition rates in the basin may represent changes in the tectonic setting during the Eocene. We propose that the high abundances of Cretaceous and Paleocene taxa reflect an increase in accommodation space by active graben flank movements. A dominance of Eocene taxa, on the other hand, indicates either periods of little accommodation space due to graben infill or inversion-type movements of the graben itself. In any case, the youngest Eocene and autochthonous taxa represent shallower or low topography graben phases.

A tectonic inversion by steps during the Cenozoic : the Dover Strait

2004 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë ◽  
Jean-Louis Mansy ◽  
Jean-Pierre Henriet ◽  
Michel Laurent ◽  
Jean-Pierre Vidier
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Inversion Process ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Tectonic Inversion ◽  
Western Border

Abstract The Boulonnais is a dome incised by a former marine gulf inset into a zone of tectonic inversion from the Middle Eocene, which was already partly excavated at least at the Upper Eocene. New sedimentological and paleopedological data obtained within the Boulonnais, completed with old seismic profiles, allow a better understanding of the inversion process which developed step by step. The initial breaching probably took place in the late Eocene. The Dover Strait was probably opened during the Lutetian, a part of the Oligocene and the late Neogene. Oligocene and Pliocene faunal assemblages are identical on both sides of the Strait. It was closed again for tectonic and eustatic reasons in the early Quaternary and reopen subsequently just before the Last Interglacial. The opening is related to the evolution of the Western Channel and of its paleovalley system. The inversion of the Variscan front accommodates most of the shortening induced by the Pyrenean Orogen on the western border of the European plate. The inversion of the Dover Strait region is almost synchronous with those of other basins of the Channel and North Sea areas. Tectonic, geomorphologic and climatic implications of this dynamic are discussed within the western European context.

Truncorotaloides danvillensis (Howe and Wallace), new generic assignment for a Late Eocene planktonic species of Foraminiferida

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-541
Author(s):  
Woodson M. Godfrey ◽  
Willem A. van den Bold
Keyword(s):  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Planktonic Species

Globorotalia danvillensis was described by Howe and Wallace (1932) from beds at Danville Landing on the Ouachita River, Louisiana. Fisk (1938) gave these beds formational status, because he considered them to be a mappable unit, representing the uppermost Eocene deposits in Louisiana. These beds are placed in the Globorotalia cerroazulensis s.l. Zone. Globorotalia danvillensis was later reported by Bergquist (in Bergquist and McCutcheon, 1942) from upper Eocene beds in Mississippi. The present authors have found the same species in beds of the Lower Jackson Group at Montgomery Landing, Louisiana, which include the upper part of the Porticulasphaera semiinvoluta Zone and the lower part of the Globorotalia cerroazulensis Zone. During the investigation it was found that the species exhibits small, secondary, sutural apertures on the spiral side, which places it in the genus Truncorotaloides Brönnimann and Bermúdez (1953). Howe (1939), in his study of the Cook Mountain foraminifera, followed the custom of that time (see Cushman and Dusenbury, 1934, p. 63) of tentatively referring small coiled species of planktonic foraminifera to Globigerina cretacea d'Orbigny. Re-examination of samples from the Cook Mountain Formation of Saline Bayou, Winn Parish, Louisiana (H. V. Howe collection M 524–527) reveals that many of Howe's specimens belong to Truncorotaloides danvillensis. This species occurs here together with T. rohri Brönnimann and Bermúdez.

scholarly journals Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and lithology of the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian-Maastrichtian) and Palaeogene succession of the Palmyrides (Syria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Vlasta Premec-Fućek ◽  
Morana Hernitz Kučenjak ◽  
Gabrijela Pecimotika ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Foraminiferal Assemblage ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Upper Campanian

An upper Campanian to upper Oligocene stratigraphic succession has been examined from six deep exploration wells in the Palmyrides area of Syria. Most of the sedimentary succession contains rich and well to moderately preserved planktonic foraminiferal assemblages that enable successful age determination. The upper Campanian and Maastrichtian planktonic fauna is highly diverse with domination of warm water taxa such as Globotruncana aegyptiaca, Gansserina gansseri, Globotruncanella havanensis, Globotruncanita angulata and Pseudotextularia elegans. The most dramatic turnover occurred across the Cretaceous/Palaeocene boundary when most planktonic foraminiferal species became extinct. The oldest Palaeocene planktonic foraminiferal assemblage, rich in the number of specimens, but not very diverse, includes the following species: Eoglobigerina eobulloides, Globanomalina archeocompressa, Chiloguembelina morsei, Woodringina claytonensis and Parasubbotina pseudobulloides. The late Palaeocene is marked by origination of the morozovellids, acarininids and globanomalinids, while the early Eocene is characterized by a tropical assemblage, dominated by muricate species, and by intensive speciation of Acarinina and Subbotina in the latest part. Most of these species continue into the middle Eocene and become a significant component of the planktonic community. The middle Eocene is characterized by intensive speciation and domination of warm water genera such as Acarinina, Morozovelloides, and to a lesser degree Turborotalia, Globigerinatheka and Hantkenina. The middle/late Eocene boundary is marked by double extinction of the last muricate taxa Acarinina mcgowrani and Morozovelloides crasssatus, which indicate a variable climate, water column instability, and loss of surface habitats. In contrast, Turborotalia and Globigerinateheka become more important in the late Eocene. The Eocene/Oligocene boundary is marked by the extinction of most warm water taxa including Turborotalia cerroazulensis group, Hantkenina, Globigerinatheka and some subbotinids. The beginning of the early Oligocene is indicated by the domination of cool water taxa such as Dentoglobigerina, Globorotaloides, Tenuitella and Chiloguembelina. Speciation of the spinose surface dweller Ciperoella ciperoensis group reflects warming in the late Oligocene. The combined observations of lithology with the diversity and composition of planktonic foraminifera assemblages indicate that the Palmyrides area in Syria was a Tethyan bioprovince with a tropical to subtropical climate from the late Campanian to the end of the Eocene with deposition in deep sea environments (upper bathyal to outer shelf). In contrast, Oligocene deposits and their microfossil content suggest temperate to warm climate conditions and sedimentation in middle to inner shelf environments.

scholarly journals Sedimentary Basin Reconstruction and Tectonic Development of Paleocene-Eocene Succession, Southern Iraq, by Geohistory Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1213-1225
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ali Menshed ◽  
Aiad Ali Hussien Al-Zaidy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
The West ◽  
Tectonic Lineament ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Tectonic Boundary

The Paleocene-Early Eocene sequence is represented by Aliji and Umm Er Radhuma formations, while the Middle-Late Eocene sequence is represented by Jaddala and Dammam formations. The Rus Formation has been described and its basin was analyzed separately because it was deposited during the regression period (Middle Eocene), which is a transitional period between these two cycles.   This study includes analysis of the geohistory of this succession,  interpretation of the changes of the accumulation, and calculation of subsidence rates. The results were compared with the space available to explain the basin development. The study site included the boreholes of Garraf-84 and 92, Halfaya-1, Nasirya-13 and 40, and Noor-5 at the Mesopotamian Block, in addition to the  Ratawi-8, Tuba-15, Rumaila-217, Zubair-45, and West Qurna-60 at the Basra Block.      The Aliji basin was characterized by the decrease in accommodation values to the northeast direction and the increase in all the other parts of the study area. A comparison of the setting of this basin with the Umm Er Radhuma basin gives a clear evidence of the tectonic impact coming from the northeast. During the Middle Eocene stage, we notice that the basin was affected by comprehensive uplifting processes. This led to the generation of a very shallow basin (Rus basin) with the exposure of the northern part of the basin during the regression stage.      The Middle-Late Eocene basin is represented by a transgression stage with high subsidence, where the sea level had been raised and covered the northeastern and eastern parts of the studied area by deep sea deposits (Jaddala Formation). While the other parts of the study area were characterized by shallow sediments of Dammam Formation. This period ended with a clear tectonic uplift occurring in the northeastern parts and decreasing towards the southwest. This confirms the reactivation of the tectonic action from the northeast, represented by the continental collision. All these sources of evidence indicate that the study area is divided into a northern part and a southern part. Both of these parts are separated by a major tectonic lineament extending from the West Qurna oil field to the Nasiriya oil field, which confirms the presence of the tectonic boundary between the Mesopotamian block and the Basra block. In addition, there exists a secondary tectonic boundary that divides the Mesopotamian block into two parts, the first is to the east and the other is to the west. The results showed that the eastern side was most affected by the collision of the Iranian Plate with the Arabian Plate, which led to its uplift, while the western side was less affected by this tectonics evidence.

Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt revisited (geology and evolution)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yücel Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
High Pressure Metamorphism ◽  
The North ◽  
Oceanic Slab ◽  
Arabian Platform

The Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt consists of the Arabian Platform, a zone of imbrication, and a nappe zone. The Arabian Platform is represented by a thick marine succession. The zone of imbrication is a narrow belt sandwiched between the Arabian Platform and the nappes. The nappes are the highest tectonic unit. They consist of two continental slivers separated by ophiolitic associations representing oceanic environments. They were involved in the orogenic development and formed two metamorphic belts. The oceanic environment survived by the end of Middle Eocene. A northward subduction began in this ocean and generated the Elbistan–Yüksekova arc built above the Göksun ophiolite. Development of the Southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt began in the north, where the Binboğa–Malatya metamorphic massif, collided with the Elbistan volcanic arc to the end of Early Eocene period. Later new tectonic entities were accreted to this progressively growing and southerly transporting nappe stack. In the lower plate, the southern continental sliver that was attached to the oceanic slab subducted together and underwent high-pressure metamorphism. The subducting oceanic slab retreated. Asthenospheric inflow caused high-temperature metamorphism, which superimposed on the previous high-pressure metamorphism. The oceanic and continental fragments formed the Bitlis Massif and the Berit metaophiolite when exhumed. A younger volcanic arc was built on the ocean floor to the south. Accretion of the volcanic arc to the nappe pile occurred during the Late Eocene period. The orogenic belt was formed when the nappes collided with the Arabian plate during the Late Miocene.

Additional records of Collinsius simplex (Brachyura, Chasmocarcinidae) from the Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene strata in Kyushu (Japan), and description of a new species of ghost shrimp (Axiidea, Callichiridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ando
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Lower Margin ◽  
Ghost Shrimp ◽  
Lower Oligocene ◽  
South West ◽  
A New Species

Additional specimens of Collinsius simplex Karasawa, 1993, a species first described from the Kishima Formation (Lower Oligocene, uppermost part of calcareous nannofossil zone CP16a), are recorded from the Upper Eocene– Lower Oligocene (CP15b– CP16a) Funazu Formation (Iojima Group) and the Lower Oligocene (CP16b) Itanoura Formation (Nishisonogi Group) in Kyushu, south- west Japan. This material extends the stratigraphical range of Collinsius simplex further back into the Late Eocene. In addition, a new species of ghost shrimp, Vecticallichirus kawanoi sp. nov., is described from the middle part of the Funazu Formation (Upper Eocene). This has a blade with ap- proximately 10 serration- like spines on the lower margin of the merus, a long carpus with an unarmed margin and a molar- like triangular tooth proximally on the occlusal margin near the base of fixed finger. It appears closest to V. batei (Woodward 1869), but differs in that the carpus has an unarmed lower margin; the same holds true for the fixed finger.

scholarly journals Paleoecology of the Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene Malcov Basin based on the calcareous nannofossils: a case study of the Leluchów section (Krynica Zone, Magura Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Oszczypko-Clowes ◽  
Bartłomiej Żydek
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Lower Oligocene ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Outer Carpathians

Paleoecology of the Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocene Malcov Basin based on the calcareous nannofossils: a case study of the Leluchów section (Krynica Zone, Magura Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians)During the period of ca. 20 Ma (Middle Eocene-Chattian) the Leluchów Succession of the Magura Basin passed through drastic changes of sedimentary condition and paleobathymetry from well oxygened red shales withReticulofragmium amplectens, deposited beneath CCD, redGlobigerinaoozes, to oxygen depleted organic-rich menilite-type shales and finally to flysch deposition of open marine conditions. The biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic scheme is well established with the Leluchów Marl Member — Zones NP19-20 to NP22 (Late Eocene-Early Oligocene), Smereczek Shale Member, Zone NP23 (Early Oligocene) and the Malcov Formation s.s., Zone NP24 (Early-Late Oligocene). The aim of the paper is to present the quantitative analyses as the basis for paleoecological changes in the Magura Basin during the Late Eocene-Late Oligocene period. The changes manifest themselves through a decrease in the water temperature and progressing eutrophication. Species typical of brackish water conditions and restricted to the Paratethys region were identified from the NP23 Zone.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document