scholarly journals Sedimentary Basin Reconstruction and Tectonic Development of Paleocene-Eocene Succession, Southern Iraq, by Geohistory Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1213-1225
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ali Menshed ◽  
Aiad Ali Hussien Al-Zaidy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
The West ◽  
Tectonic Lineament ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Tectonic Boundary

The Paleocene-Early Eocene sequence is represented by Aliji and Umm Er Radhuma formations, while the Middle-Late Eocene sequence is represented by Jaddala and Dammam formations. The Rus Formation has been described and its basin was analyzed separately because it was deposited during the regression period (Middle Eocene), which is a transitional period between these two cycles.   This study includes analysis of the geohistory of this succession,  interpretation of the changes of the accumulation, and calculation of subsidence rates. The results were compared with the space available to explain the basin development. The study site included the boreholes of Garraf-84 and 92, Halfaya-1, Nasirya-13 and 40, and Noor-5 at the Mesopotamian Block, in addition to the  Ratawi-8, Tuba-15, Rumaila-217, Zubair-45, and West Qurna-60 at the Basra Block.      The Aliji basin was characterized by the decrease in accommodation values to the northeast direction and the increase in all the other parts of the study area. A comparison of the setting of this basin with the Umm Er Radhuma basin gives a clear evidence of the tectonic impact coming from the northeast. During the Middle Eocene stage, we notice that the basin was affected by comprehensive uplifting processes. This led to the generation of a very shallow basin (Rus basin) with the exposure of the northern part of the basin during the regression stage.      The Middle-Late Eocene basin is represented by a transgression stage with high subsidence, where the sea level had been raised and covered the northeastern and eastern parts of the studied area by deep sea deposits (Jaddala Formation). While the other parts of the study area were characterized by shallow sediments of Dammam Formation. This period ended with a clear tectonic uplift occurring in the northeastern parts and decreasing towards the southwest. This confirms the reactivation of the tectonic action from the northeast, represented by the continental collision. All these sources of evidence indicate that the study area is divided into a northern part and a southern part. Both of these parts are separated by a major tectonic lineament extending from the West Qurna oil field to the Nasiriya oil field, which confirms the presence of the tectonic boundary between the Mesopotamian block and the Basra block. In addition, there exists a secondary tectonic boundary that divides the Mesopotamian block into two parts, the first is to the east and the other is to the west. The results showed that the eastern side was most affected by the collision of the Iranian Plate with the Arabian Plate, which led to its uplift, while the western side was less affected by this tectonics evidence.

Grim's Bank, Padworth, Berkshire

Antiquity ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 17 (68) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
B. H. St. J. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The West ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Western Side

The immediate environs of Silchester consist of fields, which are either now under plough or else have been arable for many years in the recent past. Consequently there are few, if any, traces there of the Roman roads which led from the various gates to Dorchester, Speen and Cirencester, Sarum, Winchester, and London. A mile or more to the north and northwest of the Roman town, however, there is a belt of land, which is largely heathland except where trees have been planted. Here there are clear indications of the line of two Roman roads, one from the west gate, west-northwest to Speen and Cirencester, the other from the north gate to Dorchester (Oxon.)The road to Speen (FIG. I) was formerly thought to follow closely the modern road along the northern side of Silchester Common and thence to run along the straight county boundary between Berkshire and Hampshire. In recent years, however, Mr O. G. S. Crawford has shown that the road, instead of following this traditional line, ran west-northwestward to cross the river Kennet near Brimpton Mill. It is traceable as a raised camber or a deep hollow way from Catthaw Lands Copse, about half-a-mile from the west gate of Silchester, to the western side of Hungry Hill. Further west, in Decoy Plantation, and again beyond the road from Padworth Common, i.e. in Keyser's Plantation, it is clearly seen as a broad cambered way (o.s. 641-1. Berkshire XLIV, SE, Hampshire IV, SE). Beyond this point the present writer has not followed it, but Mr Crawford has noted its continuation.

scholarly journals New microplanktonic biostratigraphy and depositional sequences across the Middle–Late Eocene and Oligocene boundaries in eastern Jordan

GeoArabia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-172
Author(s):  
Sherif Farouk ◽  
Mahmoud Faris ◽  
Fayez Ahmad ◽  
John H. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossil ◽  
Upper Eocene ◽  
Depositional Sequences ◽  
Global Correlation

ABSTRACT The first detailed calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic and integrated lithofacies analyses of the Eocene–Oligocene transition at the Qa’ Faydat ad Dahikiya area in the Eastern Desert of Jordan, on the border with Saudi Arabia, is presented. Three calcareous nannofossil zones namely: Discoaster saipanensis (NP17), Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (NP18) and Ericsonia subdisticha (NP21), and three planktonic foraminiferal zones: upper part of Truncorotaloides rohri (E13), Globigerinatheka semiinvoluta (E14) and Cassigerinella chipolensis/Pseudohastigerina micra (O1) are identified. Calcareous nannofossil bioevents recorded in the present study show numerous discrepancies with the Standard biostratigraphic zonal schemes to detect the Middle/Upper Eocene boundary (e.g. the highest occurrences (HOs) of Chiasmolithus solitus, C. grandis, and lowest occurrences (LOs) of C. oamaruensis, Isthmolithus recurvus are not considered reliable markers for global correlation). The Middle/Upper Eocene boundary occurs in the current study above the extinctions of large muricate planktonic foraminifera (large Acarinina and Truncorotaloides spp.) which coincide within the equivalent calcareous nannofossil NP18 Zone. These microplanktonic bioevents seem to constitute more reliable markers for the base of the Upper Eocene in different provinces. The uppermost portion of the Middle Eocene is characterized by an observed drop in faunal content and, most likely, primarily denotes the effect of the major fall in eustatic sea level. A major unconformity (disconformity) marked by a mineralized hardground representing a lowstand is recorded in the present study at the Eocene–Oligocene transition that reveals an unexpected ca. 2.1 Myr duration, separating Eocene (NP18/E14 zones) from Oligocene (NP21/O1 zones). Furthermore, the microfossil turnover associated with a rapid decline of the microfossil assemblages shows a distinct drop in diversity and abundance towards the Eocene/Oligocene unconformity and is associated with a sharp lithological break marked, at the base, by a mineralized hardground representing a major sequence boundary. These bioevents, depositional sequences and the depositional hiatus correlate well with different parts of the Arabian and African plates, but the magnitude of the faunal break differs from place to place as a result of intraplate deformation during the regional Oligocene regression of Neo-Tethys on the northern Arabian Plate. The presence of the Lower Oligocene shallow-marine calcareous planktonic assemblages in the study area indicate that communication between the eastern and western provinces of the western Neo-Tethys region still existed at this time.

Coincidences of Comparison

Hypatia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rada Iveković
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Philosophy ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Contemporary Indian Philosophy

Rada Iveković reflects on the significance of modernity in contemporary Indian philosophy. Where the orient has been figured as the other for western philosophers, she asks how Indian philosophy depicts the west, how philosophers such as Kant have been interpreted, and how thematics such as pluralism, tolerance, relativity, innovation, and curiosity about the foreign have been figured in both ancient and contemporary Indian philosophy. While working on the western side with such authors as Lyotard, Deleuze, Serres, or Irigaray, Iveković doesn't exactly indulge in comparative philosophy. Rather, she tries to make the most of the existing “coincidences,” using both western and Asian thought in order to open a new area for the production of concepts and a new field for philosophy in general.

Part III. Two Tombs

1956 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 128-130
Author(s):  
V. R. d'A. Desborough
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Child ◽  
The West ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
East End ◽  
Western Side

Whereas the 1954 tombs belonged to the House of Shields, of the two uncovered in 1955 one was within the House of Sphinxes and the other lay immediately to the west of it.This burial does not need any lengthy description. It was found at the east end of an otherwise unfruitful trial trench dug immediately to the west of the modern road which runs along the western side of the House of Sphinxes. It consisted of the skeleton (in very poor condition) of a small child, placed on the rock. Two bronze pins lay together over the chest, and a cup was found on the rock beside the body. There was no longer any indication as to how the skeleton and the associated objects were originally protected.

scholarly journals Geology of the Northwestern Krania Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Charlotte A Caplan ◽  
Helen C. Gildersleeves ◽  
Al G. Harding ◽  
Benedict J. R. Harris ◽  
Benedict W. W. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
The West ◽  
Thrust Faulting ◽  
Extensional Faulting ◽  
Ophiolite Emplacement ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Sedimentary Fill

We present a new map of 30 km2 of the northwestern Krania Basin at 1:10,000 scale, including rocks of the Pindos Ophiolite Group and associated units, and the sedimentary fill of the Krania Basin. The Krania Basin is a flexural basin developed in the Middle – Late Eocene and filled first with alluvial fan conglomerates and later with turbidite sandstones and siltstones, following a deepening of the basin. Analysis of the clasts within the sediment, combined with paleoflow analyses, suggest sediment input from the eroding Pindos Ophiolite to the west. The Pindos Ophiolite Group is represented in the area by pillow lavas, sheeted dykes and serpentinized harzburgites of the Aspropotamos Complex. The ophiolite forms imbricated, thrust bounded blocks which show two phases of thrusting, corresponding to Late Jurassic and Eocene stages of ophiolite emplacement. We identify five stages of deformation within the basin itself, starting with Early - Middle Eocene syndepositional extensional faulting associated with the formation of the basin. This was followed by four stages of post-depositional deformation, starting with Late Eocene compression associated with basin closure, which caused thrust faulting and folding of the sediments. Oligocene dextral faulting with a thrust component affected the basin margins. Finally, two normal faulting events with different orientations have affected the basin since the Miocene.

scholarly journals III. Observations of the Mer de Glace.—Part I

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 245-247
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Single Source ◽  
The West ◽  
Ice Stream ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sinuous Channel ◽  
Convex Curvature ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Rare Opportunity ◽  
As If

In this paper the author communicates the first part of a series of observations upon the Mer de Glace, made during a residence of six weeks at the Montanvert last summer. He corroborates the laws regarding the swifter flow of the central portions of the ice-stream, first established by Prof. Forbes, and shows how the velo­city changes as the width of the glacier varies. The Mer de Glace moves through a valley which twice turns a convex curvature to the east, and once to the west. The points of swiftest motion at these curves are found to be not central, but thrown to that side of the valley towards which the glacier turns its convex curvature. It has hitherto been believed that the portion of the Mer de Glace derived from the Glacier du Géant moved swiftest. The author shows that the tributaries which form the Mer de Glace lose their individuality in the trunk stream, the latter flowing as if it proceeded from a single source. The point of maximum motion is sometimes on the eastern, sometimes on the western side of a line drawn along the centre of the glacier, the change from side to side depending upon the curvature of the valley. The locus of the point of swiftest motion in a glacier which moves through a sinuous valley, is exactly similar to that of a river moving through a sinuous channel; it forms a curve more deeply sinuous than the valley itself, and crosses the centre of the valley at each point of contrary flexure. A rare opportunity of determining the comparative velocities of a glacier at its surface and close to its bed, was furnished by a precipice of ice 140 feet in height, which was exposed near the Tacul. Three stakes were fixed in this, precipice, one at the top, the other near the bottom, and a third in the face of the precipice at a height of nearly 40 feet above the bottom; the velocities of the three stakes were found to be 6 inches, 4.59 inches, and 2.56 inches per day; thus furnishing additional proof of the correctness of the law first predicted by Prof. Forbes, and confirmed subsequently by his own observations and those of M. Martins.

scholarly journals A new Late Eocene primate from the Krabi Basin (Thailand) and the diversity of Palaeogene anthropoids in southeast Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1771) ◽  
pp. 20132268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaowalak Chaimanee ◽  
Olivier Chavasseau ◽  
Vincent Lazzari ◽  
Adélaïde Euriat ◽  
Jean-Jacques Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Stem Group ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Anthropoid Primates

According to the most recent discoveries from the Middle Eocene of Myanmar and China, anthropoid primates originated in Asia rather than in Africa, as was previously considered. But the Asian Palaeogene anthropoid community remains poorly known and inadequately sampled, being represented only from China, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand. Asian Eocene anthropoids can be divided into two distinct groups, the stem group eosimiiforms and the possible crown group amphipithecids, but the phylogenetic relationships between these two groups are not well understood. Therefore, it is critical to understand their evolutionary history and relationships by finding additional fossil taxa. Here, we describe a new small-sized fossil anthropoid primate from the Late Eocene Krabi locality in Thailand, Krabia minuta , which shares several derived characters with the amphipithecids. It displays several unique dental characters, such as extreme bunodonty and reduced trigon surface area, that have never been observed in other Eocene Asian anthropoids. These features indicate that morphological adaptations were more diversified among amphipithecids than was previously expected, and raises the problem of the phylogenetic relations between the crown anthropoids and their stem group eosimiiforms, on one side, and the modern anthropoids, on the other side.

scholarly journals II. On some supposed Ice-scratches in Derbyshire

1865 ◽  
Vol 2 (16) ◽  
pp. 440-442
Author(s):  
A. H. Green
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Personal Observation ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacial Epoch ◽  
Western Side ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Marked Surface

In the number of the GeologicalMagazine for last August, in a letter from Mr. Mackintosh, there is a notice of some markings, supposed to be glacial, on a rock known as ‘The Bloody Stone’, between Cromford and Bonsall, in Derbyshire. Mr. Mackintosh's language is not very clear, but I rather gather that he has doubts whether these markings were really made by ice: nor does he seem to be aware of the great interest that would attach to the discovery, if it could be proved beyond question that we have here a true ice-marked surface of rock. It is, I believe, very generally the case that the deposits and, so to speak, footmarks of the Glacial epoch are found on the western side of the central axis of the north of England in much greater force than on the eastern side. Thus much I can say from personal observation: in North Staffordshire and Lancashire, boulder-clays and gravels are found stretching from the plains far up the hill-sides, and erratic blocks lie here and there upon the moors to a height of 1,400 feet above the sea. On the other side of the socalled Pennine Chain, however, the case is widely different: through-out the whole of North Derbyshire and the adjoining uplands of Yorkshire there is nothing that can be safely set down as Drift, and certainly no blocks or pebbles of foreign rocks over the country to the north of the Wye. The valley of that river cuts right across the Great Saddle; and along it, and to the south of it, we do find stray patches of clay with ice-scratched boulders, mostly of limestone, but here and there of granite, greenstone, and other strangers, which seem to have found their way from the west along this sole opening in the barrier which elsewhere blocked up their path. ‘The Bloody Stone’ is just a case in point, lying as it does in the valley of the Derwent, about seven miles below the junction of the Wye with thatriver. I was, therefore, extremely glad to see Mr. Mackintosh's letter just in time to pay a visit to the spot, and I shall tell as carefully as I can what I there saw, in hopes that more experienced ice-men, if they cannot go to see for themselves, may be enabled to decide whether we can fairly refer the markings in question to the action of ice.

West coast North America record of the Paleogene marine stromboid gastropodRimellaand paleobiogeography of the genus

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 826-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Squires
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
First Time

The west coast of North America record of the shallow-marine stromboid gastropod genusRimellaAgassiz, 1841 is restudied for the first time in 90 years. This genus comprises a small group of Paleogene gastropods characterized by having an ornamented fusiform shell, a posterior canal ascending the spire, and simple (non-flared) outer lip.Rimella, whose familial ranking has been inconsistent, is placed here in family Rostellariidae Gabb, 1868, subfamily Rimellinae Stewart, 1927.EctinochilusCossmann, 1889;MacilentosClark and Palmer, 1923;VaderosClark and Palmer, 1923; andCowlitziaClark and Palmer, 1923 are recognized here as junior synonyms ofRimella. Four species are recognized from the west coast of North America: early to middle EoceneRimella macilentaWhite, 1889; early EoceneRimella oregonensisTurner, 1938; middle to late EoceneRimella supraplicata(Gabb, 1864) new combination, of whichRostellaria canaliferGabb, 1864,Cowlitizia washingtonensisClark and Palmer, 1923, andCowlitzia problematicaHanna, 1927 are recognized here as junior synonyms; and late EoceneRimella elongataWeaver, 1912.Rimellawas a warm-water gastropod whose earliest known record is of early Paleocene (Danian) age in Pakistan. Other than the west coast of North America,Rimellais found in Eocene strata in western Europe, Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, southeastern United States, Panama, Peru, and, to a lesser degree, in Trinidad, Columbia, Java, and New Zealand. Global cooling near the end of the Eocene greatly diminished the genus. Its youngest known occurrences are of early Oligocene age in Germany, Italy, England, and Peru.

Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt revisited (geology and evolution)

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yücel Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
High Pressure Metamorphism ◽  
The North ◽  
Oceanic Slab ◽  
Arabian Platform

The Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt consists of the Arabian Platform, a zone of imbrication, and a nappe zone. The Arabian Platform is represented by a thick marine succession. The zone of imbrication is a narrow belt sandwiched between the Arabian Platform and the nappes. The nappes are the highest tectonic unit. They consist of two continental slivers separated by ophiolitic associations representing oceanic environments. They were involved in the orogenic development and formed two metamorphic belts. The oceanic environment survived by the end of Middle Eocene. A northward subduction began in this ocean and generated the Elbistan–Yüksekova arc built above the Göksun ophiolite. Development of the Southeastern Anatolian Orogenic Belt began in the north, where the Binboğa–Malatya metamorphic massif, collided with the Elbistan volcanic arc to the end of Early Eocene period. Later new tectonic entities were accreted to this progressively growing and southerly transporting nappe stack. In the lower plate, the southern continental sliver that was attached to the oceanic slab subducted together and underwent high-pressure metamorphism. The subducting oceanic slab retreated. Asthenospheric inflow caused high-temperature metamorphism, which superimposed on the previous high-pressure metamorphism. The oceanic and continental fragments formed the Bitlis Massif and the Berit metaophiolite when exhumed. A younger volcanic arc was built on the ocean floor to the south. Accretion of the volcanic arc to the nappe pile occurred during the Late Eocene period. The orogenic belt was formed when the nappes collided with the Arabian plate during the Late Miocene.

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