A fractal model for hydrocarbon resource assessment with an application to the natural gas play of volcanic reservoirs in Songliao Basin, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zou ◽  
Q. Guo ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
H. Xie
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Songliao Basin ◽  
Hydrocarbon Resource ◽  
Volcanic Reservoirs

scholarly journals Geochemical analysis and origin of gas in volcanic reservoirs in the Songliao Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhen Tao ◽  
Changwei Li ◽  
Weijiao Ma ◽  
Deliang Liu ◽  
Jingkui Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Songliao Basin ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volcanic Reservoirs

Volcanic reservoirs are extensive in the Songliao Basin and mainly include intermediate-basic rocks in the northern part, intermediate-acidic rocks in Xujiaweizi in the southern part, and acidic rocks in the Jinglin block. The natural gas in the volcanic reservoirs of the Songliao Basin has a wide range of compositions, with alkanes being dominant in most cases, although carbon dioxide is dominant in some wells. Generally, the gas in the volcanic rocks near deep faults has high contents of carbon dioxide, whereas the natural gas in volcanic rocks far from faults has low carbon dioxide contents. The gas in the volcanic reservoirs is of multiple origins, including abiogenic gas of probable mantle origin (generally found in wells with high carbon dioxide contents) and organic gas mainly derived from organic matter in the basin. The abiogenic alkanes have δ13C values in the order of δ13C1 > δ13C2 > δ13C3 > δ13C4, which is opposite that of alkanes of organic origin. The 3He/4He ratios of the fluid inclusions from the volcanic reservoirs range from 0.286 × 10−6 to 7.33 × 10−6, with an average of 2.48 × 10−6, and the R/Ra ratios range from 0.26 to 5.24, with most values being greater than 1.0, indicating mixed origins of noble gases from the crust and the mantle. The gas in fluid inclusions from the volcanic reservoirs has δ13C1 values ranging from −17.1 to −28.7‰ (PDB), δ13C2 values ranging from −23.4 to −32.4‰ (mostly approximately −25‰), and δ13Cco2 values ranging from −10.97 to −21.73‰, which are significantly different from the isotopic compositions of the gas in the present reservoirs, suggesting that some abiogenic alkanes may have been charged into the reservoirs during the geologic history of the basin. The early charged CO2 is mainly organic in origin, while the abiogenic CO2 was charged during the main accumulation period, producing a mix of origins for the gas in the volcanic reservoirs of the Songliao Basin. The abiogenic alkanes, He, and CO2 in the natural gas indicate the addition of some abiogenic gas to the gas. According to the relationship between the distribution and attitude of volcanic rocks and faults, we found that the abiogenic gas reservoirs are located near fault zones, whereas the organic and mixed gas reservoirs are located far from fault zones. The geochemical study of natural gas is helpful in determining the origin and spatial distribution patterns of gas in deep volcanic reservoirs and for directing further gas exploration in the Songliao Basin.

scholarly journals Evaluation and re-understanding of the global natural gas hydrate resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Xiong-Qi Pang ◽  
Zhuo-Heng Chen ◽  
Cheng-Zao Jia ◽  
En-Ze Wang ◽  
He-Sheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recoverable Resources

AbstractNatural gas hydrate (NGH) has been widely considered as an alternative to conventional oil and gas resources in the future energy resource supply since Trofimuk’s first resource assessment in 1973. At least 29 global estimates have been published from various studies so far, among which 24 estimates are greater than the total conventional gas resources. If drawn in chronological order, the 29 historical resource estimates show a clear downward trend, reflecting the changes in our perception with respect to its resource potential with increasing our knowledge on the NGH with time. A time series of the 29 estimates was used to establish a statistical model for predict the future trend. The model produces an expected resource value of 41.46 × 1012 m3 at the year of 2050. The statistical trend projected future gas hydrate resource is only about 10% of total natural gas resource in conventional reservoir, consistent with estimates of global technically recoverable resources (TRR) in gas hydrate from Monte Carlo technique based on volumetric and material balance approaches. Considering the technical challenges and high cost in commercial production and the lack of competitive advantages compared with rapid growing unconventional and renewable resources, only those on the very top of the gas hydrate resource pyramid will be added to future energy supply. It is unlikely that the NGH will be the major energy source in the future.

scholarly journals Reservoir characteristics in the Cretaceous volcanic rocks of Songliao Basin, China: A case of dynamics and evolution of the volcano-porosity and diagenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Sun ◽  
Dakang Zhong ◽  
Weijia Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Songliao Basin ◽  
Pyroclastic Rock ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Volcanic Tuff ◽  
Volcanic Breccia ◽  
Pore Evolution ◽  
Diagenetic Evolution ◽  
Pore Types ◽  
Volcanic Reservoirs

To explain the strong spatial heterogeneity of volcanic reservoirs porosity in the Songliao Basin and provide new ideas for predicting good volcanic reservoirs in other similar basins, the relationship between the pore evolution process and lithology of volcanic reservoirs has been described in this article. With the description and interpretation of core, thin section, scanning electron microscope, and the results of mercury injection experiment, this article clarifies the lithology, pore types, and pore structure features of the volcanic reservoirs in the Songliao Basin. The rocks of volcanic reservoirs in study area contain pyroclastic rock and volcanic lavas. The most common lithologies are rhyolite, volcanic breccia, and volcanic tuff. The pore size, morphology, and structure vary greatly between these three lithologies, the reason of which we think is the different volcanic eruption process as well as rock composition and its structure. The digenetic evolution of rhyolite includes gas dissipation of magmatic condensation; vesicles fulfilling by hydrothermal fluid; kaolinization and sericitization of feldspar phenocrysts; carbonation, devitrification, and recrystallization of felsic matrix; and finally, the dissolution of feldspar phenocrysts and felsic matrix. As for volcanic breccia, it usually go through the compaction, quartz and calcite filling the original pores between volcanic breccias, and dissolution of mineral debris together with tuff matrix. Similar with the rhyolite, volcanic tuff also undergoes the carbonation and kaolinization of felsic matrix, the dissolution of feldspar and felsic matrix, and compaction. Due to these comprehensive processes, a comprehensive analysis of volcanic rock lithology, which can indicate lithology distribution vertically and horizontally, is very necessary during volcanic reservoirs evaluation and prediction. These detailed analyses will help explorers to find potential reservoirs by distinguishing the diagenetic evolution and pore characteristic of volcanic reservoirs.

External Hydrogen Index: A New Factor for Hydrocarbon Resource Assessment and its Calculation Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2336-2337
Author(s):  
Qingqiang MENG ◽  
Yingxian SU ◽  
Zhijun JIN ◽  
Dongya ZHU ◽  
Quanyou LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Hydrogen Index ◽  
Hydrocarbon Resource

FRACTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SILTY BEDS/LAMINAE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PREDICTION OF SHALE OIL RESERVOIRS IN QINGSHANKOU FORMATION OF NORTHERN SONGLIAO BASIN, NORTHEAST CHINA

Fractals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1940009 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO LIU ◽  
LIANG JIN ◽  
CAIZHI HU
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Songliao Basin ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Shale Oil ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Shale Oil Reservoirs

Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation [Formula: see text] in the Songliao Basin, the largest petroliferous basin in East China, has favorable geological conditions for the shale oil reservoir. Although the first member of Qingshankou formation [Formula: see text] has the maximum value of the organic matter content (total organic carbon (TOC)) comparing with other members, most of the layers are less than 1[Formula: see text]cm. This limits the application of surface seismic survey and logging methods. To explore “sweet spots” of the shale oil and to evaluate resource potential, it is of great significance to determine the thickness and distribution of silty beds/laminae in the thick shale system. In this study, the observed data of the outcrops, cores, and thin sections of [Formula: see text] are used to analyze the characteristics of reservoir space in silty laminae. Distribution model of silty beds/laminae was established by using fractal method. The results show that the silty beds/laminae have large particle size, poor sorting, and relatively developed reservoir space. The pore sizes in silty laminae vary greatly, and the diameters are mostly larger than 50[Formula: see text]nm. The connectivity between pores is good. Although the thickness of single silty bed/laminae mostly ranges from 1[Formula: see text]mm to 6[Formula: see text]mm, the average layers per meter (layers/m) of silty bed/laminae range from 2 to 64. This contributes the cumulative thickness 2.73–31.79% of the total thickness of the whole shale reservoir. According to the fractal analysis, the silty beds/laminae have the uniform fractal characteristics in the decimeter, centimeter, and millimeter levels. And the fractal dimension keeps the scale invariance. The layers and thickness of the thin silty laminae, calculated from Number–Size (NS) fractal model, are in good agreement with observations. This indicates that the fractal-based NS model is an effective method to estimate the parameters of the silty laminae, such as layer number, cumulative thickness, and the ratio of sand to formation. This method provides a reliable reference for the “sweet spot” exploration.

scholarly journals Fort Lewis natural gas and fuel oil energy baseline and efficiency resource assessment

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Brodrick ◽  
K.K. Daellenbach ◽  
G.B. Parker ◽  
E.E. Richman ◽  
T.J. Secrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Fuel Oil
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