scholarly journals Naval Integration: An Old Approach for a New Era

MCU Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Scott Erdelatz ◽  
J. D. Canty ◽  
Mark Desens ◽  
Chris Seneko
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
New Era ◽  
The U.S

Current debates on naval integration mostly focus on whether the naval Services’ warfighting concepts are on target—the why of naval integration—or whether integration efforts are jeopardizing the Marine Corps’ ability to fulfill longstanding roles and missions. An underappreciated aspect of this topic is the process, or the how, of naval integration. The actions of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps during the interwar period are a positive example of naval integration and indicative of the long-term effects that can follow. Many current developments, in particular the growing partnership of the Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) and fleet commands, are examples of effective naval integration and will help ensure that the Services arrive at the proper end state.

scholarly journals Monitoring the compliance of the academic enterprise with the Fair Labor Standards Act

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Bankston ◽  
Gary S. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Department Of Labor ◽  
Fair Labor Standards Act ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Postdoctoral Researcher ◽  
Fair Labor

Background: On December 1 2016, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) will be updated by the U.S. Department of Labor. The key changes are an increase in the salary threshold for exemption from overtime for working more than 40 hours per week, and indexing the salary level so that it is updated automatically every 3 years. This update is predicted to have a profound effect on the academic enterprise as a large proportion of the postdoctoral researcher population is currently paid at a salary below the new threshold for exemption. Here we review the key changes to the FLSA, how they came about, and how the postdoctoral population is affected by the ruling. Methods: We describe recent data collection efforts (checking university websites and contacting HR departments) to uncover what institutions in the 2014 NSF Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering are doing to comply with the FLSA ruling for postdocs. Results: Our data show that 41% of the estimated postdoctoral workforce in STEM and 57% of institutions checked have not decided or have no public decision yet available one month prior to implementation, and only 35.5% of institutions are planning to raise salaries to the new minimum. Conclusions: Our data show the uncertainty of postdoc salaries in the U.S. one month prior to implementation of the FLSA ruling. This implementation also gives rise to various issues that have arisen in an already strained research enterprise, including short-, medium- and long-term effects on academe.

Innovative Enterprise Solves the Agency Problem

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-191
Author(s):  
William Lazonick ◽  
Jang-Sup Shin
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Hedge Fund ◽  
Innovation Theory ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Business Corporation ◽  
Innovative Enterprise ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Short Termism ◽  
The U.S

This chapter uses innovation theory to provide both a general theoretical critique and a selective empirical critique of the use of agency theory to rationalize the looting of the U.S. business corporation as enhancing economic efficiency. It focuses on three empirical works, Bebchuk and Fried, Pay Without Performance (2004); Bebchuk, Brav, and Jiang, “The Long-Term Effects of Hedge-Fund Activism” (2015); and Fried and Wang, “Short-Termism and Capital Flows” (2017). The chapter contends that MSV ideology as promulgated by agency theorists has contributed to inferior corporate and economic performance. It then argues that, for analyzing the operation and performance of the economy, innovation theory should replace agency theory.

Naval Gunfire Support at Iwo Jima

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-238
Author(s):  
Donald K. Mitchener
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Amphibious Warfare ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Way

One component of the American amphibious warfare doctrine developed by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps during the interwar period concerned the use of naval gunfire in the softening up of enemy defenses prior to the landing of troops ashore. Historians of the war in the Pacific have traditionally argued that the Americans made mistakes, but that they learned valuable lessons along the way and applied those lessons fairly consistently. This chapter by Donald K. Mitchener asserts that this argument needs modification in the case of pre-assault naval gunfire support at Iwo Jima. It describes how the need to maintain strategic momentum against Japan resulted in a gunfire plan that was not adequate to the task. The chapter also shows how General Kuribayashi, the Japanese commander at Iwo, inadvertently created a defensive scheme that caused the Americans to waste much of the ammunition they expended on their last day of naval gunfire preparation.

Assessing state ESSA plans: Innovation or retreat?

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Patrick McGuinn
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Education ◽  
The Political ◽  
Approval Process ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
State Accountability ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Every Student Succeeds Act ◽  
The U.S

Three years after the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), Patrick McGuinn reviews how the U.S. Department of Education has managed the approval process for state accountability plans, how state plans are shaping up as a result of their newfound flexibility, and what implementation challenges have emerged. States have required multiple iterations to submit plans that the Department of Education would approve, and state plans have met with criticism from multiple quarters and across the political spectrum. Some states have adopted new practices related to testing and which measures to use to assess schools. However, it is not yet clear what the long-term effects that the giving of greater flexibility to the states will have.

Future Warfare in the Western Pacific: Chinese Antiaccess/Area Denial, U.S. AirSea Battle, and Command of the Commons in East Asia

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Biddle ◽  
Ivan Oelrich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
New Era ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
The Western Pacific ◽  
The U.S

Many analysts worry that improvements in Chinese missile, sensor, guidance, and other technologies will enable China to deny the U.S. military access to parts of the Western Pacific that the United States has long controlled. Although these “antiaccess, area denial” (A2/AD) capabilities are real, they are a geographically limited long-term threat. As both the United States and China deploy A2/AD capabilities, a new era will emerge in which the U.S. military no longer enjoys today's command of the global commons, but is still able to deny China military hegemony in the Western Pacific. In this new era, the United States will possess a sphere of influence around allied landmasses; China will maintain a sphere of influence over its own mainland; and a contested battlespace will cover much of the South and East China Seas wherein neither power enjoys wartime freedom of surface or air movement. This in turn suggests that the Chinese A2/AD threat to U.S. allies is real but more limited than often supposed. With astute U.S. choices, most U.S. allies in this new system will be imperfectly, but substantially, secure.

Long-term effects of income specialization in oil and gas extraction: The U.S. West, 1980–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Haggerty ◽  
Patricia H. Gude ◽  
Mark Delorey ◽  
Ray Rasker
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The U.S

Age-Related Degradation of Steam Generator Internals Based on Industry Responses to Generic Letter 97-06

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Subudhi ◽  
E. J. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pressurized Water Reactor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The U.S

This paper presents the results of an aging assessment of the nuclear power industry’s responses to NRC Generic Letter 97-06 on the degradation of steam generator internals experienced at Electricite de France (EdF) plants in France and at a United States pressurized water reactor (PWR). Westinghouse (W), Combustion Engineering (CE), and Babcock & Wilcox (B & W) steam generator models, currently in service at U.S. nuclear power plants, potentially could experience degradation similar to that found at EdF plants and the U.S. plant. The steam generators in many of the U.S. PWRs have been replaced with steam generators with improved designs and materials. These replacement steam generators have been manufactured in the U.S. and abroad. During this assessment, each of the three owners groups (W, CE, and B&W) identified for its steam generator models all the potential internal components that are vulnerable to degradation while in service. Each owners group developed inspection and monitoring guidance and recommendations for its particular steam generator models. The Nuclear Energy Institute incorporated in NEI 97-06, “Steam Generator Program Guidelines,” a requirement to monitor secondary side steam generator components if their failure could prevent the steam generator from fulfilling its intended safety-related function. Licensees indicated that they implemented or planned to implement, as appropriate for their steam generators, their owners group recommendations to address the long-term effects of the potential degradation mechanisms associated with the steam generator internals.

‘The touchstone of German credit’: Nazi Germany and the service of the Dawes and Young Loans

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIET CLEMENT
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
First World War ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Debt Policy ◽  
First World

This article examines the Nazi government's external debt policy, with particular regard to the service of the Dawes and Young Loans, the two most important international loans Germany concluded during the interwar period. The goal of this policy was to end once and for all the obligations resulting from the First World War reparations settlement, and at the same time to economise drastically on Germany's scarce foreign exchange reserves. These aims were achieved by imposing a partial default on external debts and by bilateralising trade and financial negotiations, thus dismantling the 1930 Young Plan. In many respects, the Nazi government continued policies in place since 1931, except that it went further and was more ruthless in their execution. However, the negative long-term effects of this policy were beginning to take their toll as Germany's economy was cut off from the international financial markets and increasingly burdened by complex foreign exchange regulations. It was left to the German Federal Republic to deal with the financial legacy of this policy after the war.

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