scholarly journals Creating the Ideal Community as A Root of Fethullah Gulen’s View on Gender Equality

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rizqon Khamami

Abstract: This article discusses the roots of Gulen's view on gender equality and its roles within the movement, which constitutes an example of an Islamic movement that can adapt in the contemporary era and becomes progressive Islam. Conversely, Gulen’s view on gender belongs to the conservative movement. By employing functionalism, this article tries to seek and delve into the theme. It further argues that the movements' mission to create “the ideal community” is the driving ideology on gender relations. Examining some important scholarly findings on the movement and works by its founder Fethullah Gulen, the women’s position is unequally subordinated to that of men, as their initial functions to obey their husbands and to maintain family’s honor. Importantly, their role is limited to educate their children to deliver "the next golden generation”. Thus, it is reasonably true that Gulen’s view on women’s rights and gender relations is envisioned along with the movement's mission to transform the society towards the ideal community that in turn sacrifices women’s freedom and liberty.الملخص: يناقش هذا المقال أفكار كولن حول العلاقات بين الجنسين. السؤال في هذا المقال ، ما هي جذور الفكرة بين الجنسين عند كولن؟ يفترض المؤلف أن فكرة كولن تم تطويرها من طموحات كولن لإنشاء مجتمع مثالي. أنطلاقا منها، يتم إعطاء المرأة وظيفة لتعليم الأطفال ، وطاعة لزوجها ، والحفاظ على الشرف ، وتكون على استعداد لتكون تابعة للرجال في الأسرة والمجتمع. يضع كولن النساء كأول معلمات لأطفالهنّ وتم تكليفهن بتربيتهم ليكونوا جيلا ذهبيّا في  المستقبل. أعرب كولن عن حقوق المرأة والعلاقات بين الجنسين من أجل التحول الاجتماعي إلى مجتمع مثالي. ومن أجل تكوين هذا المجتمع المثالي فتكاليفه هي تخضع النساء تحت الرجال.Abstrak: Artikel ini mengupas akar pemikiran Gulen tentang persamaan gender dan peran perempuan di tengah-tengah gerakan Gulen. Sejauh ini gerakan Gulen merupakan sebuah contoh gerakan Islam yang mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan dunia kontemporer dan dianggap sebagai gerakan Islam progresif. Akan tetapi, pandangan Gulen tentang gender justru merefleksikan warna konservatif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan fungsionalisme, artikel ini berupaya menggali dan mengupas persoalan akademik tersebut. Artikel ini mengungkapkan bahwa misi gerakan Gulen dalam menciptakan “masyarakat ideal” merupakan ideologi pendorong atas warna pandangan Gulen tentang hubungan gender dan peran perempuan. Sejumlah temuan tentang gerakan dan dari karya-karya Gulen mengungkapkan bahwa di mata Gulen posisi perempuan berada di bawah laki-laki dengan fungsi untuk mematuhi suami dan menjaga kehormatan keluarga. Peran perempuan dibatasi pada mendidik anak-anak mereka agar menjadi “generasi emas”. Karena itu, pandangan Gulen tentang relasi gender dan hak perempuan memperoleh bentuk senada dengan misi gerakan ini yang ingin mengubah masyarakat menjadi sebuah masyarakat ideal meskipun pada gilirannya harus mengorbankan kebebasan perempuan.

This volume reframes the debate around Islam and women’s rights within a broader comparative literature. It examines the complex and contingent historical relationships between religion, secularism, democracy, law, and gender equality. Part I addresses the nexus of religion, law, gender, and democracy through different disciplinary perspectives (sociology, anthropology, political science, law). Part II localizes the implementation of this nexus between law, gender, and democracy, and provides contextualized responses to questions raised in Part I. The contributors explore the situation of Muslim women’s rights vis-à-vis human rights to shed light on gender politics in the modernization of the nation and to ponder over the role of Islam in gender inequality across different Muslim countries.


Author(s):  
Marziyeh Bakhshizadeh

This chapter offers an understanding of women's rights and gender equality based on three interpretations of Islam within the context of post-revolutionary Iran. The debate among different interpretations of Islam provides a foundation for the investigation of women's rights and gender equality in various readings of Islam not only in the regional dimensions of Iran, but also in the Islamic world. While some studies and academic discussions tend to use the term fundamentalism to refer to religious revival movements, particularly within Islamic traditions, such discussions often fail to distinguish reformist and other movements within Islam, therefore identifying all Islamic revival movements as fundamentalist or as part of fundamentalist movements.


Author(s):  
Susan Millns ◽  
Charlotte Skeet

Abstract This article analyzes women’s contemporary use of rights to mobilize and pursue claims for gender equality and gender justice in the United Kingdom. Empirically, the paper explores the growth of rights discourse and activity against the backdrop of a stronger constitutionalization of women’s rights at national, European, and international levels. It does this through an exploration of individual and collective lobbying and litigation strategies in relation to violence against women. The paper first examines this in the context of the right to bodily integrity through examples of the ways in which sexual violence and domestic abuse are addressed within the criminal justice system. The paper then addresses the right to be free from violence for women seeking refuge and asylum. The research reveals the need for varied strategies that target all aspects of the legal and political systems in order to ameliorate the protection and implementation of women’s rights.


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