Estimation of Dry-Rock Elastic Moduli Based on the Simulation of Mud-Filtrate Invasion Effects on Borehole Acoustic Logs
Summary Reliable estimates of dry-rock elastic properties are critical to the accurate interpretation of the seismic response of hydrocarbon reservoirs. We describe a new method for estimating elastic moduli of rocks in-situ based on the simulation of mud-filtrate invasion effects on resistivity and acoustic logs. Simulations of mud-filtrate invasion account for the dynamic process of fluid displacement and mixing between mud-filtrate and hydrocarbons. The calculated spatial distributions of electrical resistivity are matched against resistivity logs by adjusting the underlying petrophysical properties. We then perform Biot-Gassmann fluid substitution on the 2D spatial distributions of fluid saturation with initial estimates of dry-bulk (kdry) modulus and shear rigidity (µdry) and a constraint of Poisson's ratio (?d) typical of the formation. This process generates 2D spatial distributions of compressional and shear-wave velocities and density. Subsequently, sonic waveforms are simulated to calculate shear-wave slowness. Initial estimates of the dry-bulk modulus are progressively adjusted using a modified Gregory-Pickett (1963) solution of Biot's (1956) equation to estimate a shear rigidity that converges to the well-log value of shear-wave slowness. The constraint on dynamic Poisson's ratio is then removed and a refined estimate of the dry-bulk modulus is obtained by both simulating the acoustic log (monopole) and matching the log-derived compressional-wave slowness. This technique leads to reliable estimates of dry-bulk moduli and shear rigidity that compare well to laboratory core measurements. Resulting dry-rock elastic properties can be used to calculate seismic compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities devoid of mud-filtrate invasion effects for further seismic-driven reservoir-characterization studies.