Impact of Reservoir Reactions on Thermodynamic Scale Predictions

In the fourth Mémoire of his celebrated Relation des Expériences, published in 1847, Regnault gives cogent reasons for preferring the air thermometer before any other as the instrument by means of which temperatures may be defined, and high temperatures determined. The thermodynamic researches of Sir William Thomson have furnished an absolute thermodynamic definition of temperatures ; and the experimental researches of Dr Joule and Sir William Thomson have established the practical agreement of Regnault's air thermometers with the thermodynamic scale of temperatures. Lastly, the air thermometer is at present the only instrument, with the exception of a mercurial thermometer which has been compared with an air thermometer, by means of which temperatures higher than, say, 150° C. or 200° C. can be determined within 3° C. or 4° C.*

Download Full-text

5. On a Constant Pressure Gas Thermometer

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s037016460004428x ◽

1880 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 539-545

Author(s):

William Thomson

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Royal Society ◽

Constant Pressure ◽

Steam Pressure ◽

Thermal Capacity ◽

Porous Plug ◽

Proper Form ◽

The Absolute ◽

Important Object ◽

Thermodynamic Scale

In the article on “Heat” published in the eleventh volume of the Encyclopœdia Britannica, referred to in my previous communications to the Royal Society on Steam Pressure Thermometers, it is shown that the Constant Pressure Air Thermometer is the proper form of expansional thermometer to give temperature on the absolute thermodynamic scale, with no other data as to physical properties of the fluid than the thermal effect which it experiences in being forced through a porous plug, as in the experiment of Joule and myself on this subject; and the thermal capacity of the fluid under constant pressure. These data for air, hydrogen, and nitrogen have all been obtained with considerable accuracy, and thererfore it becomes an important object towards promoting accurate thermometry, to make a practical working thermometer directly adapted to show temperature on the absolute thermodynamic scale through the whole range of temperature, from the lowest attainable by any means, to the highest for which glass remains solid.

Download Full-text

ChemInform Abstract: A Thermodynamic Scale for Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.199328330 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (28) ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

R. H. HOLM ◽

J. P. DONAHUE

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Atom ◽

Transfer Reactions ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

Oxygen Atom Transfer ◽

Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions ◽

Atom Transfer Reactions ◽

Thermodynamic Scale

Download Full-text

Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Some Halogenated and Non-halogenated Hydrocarbons

Human Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032718200100306 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 239-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

D.G. Clark ◽

D.J. Tinston

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Degree Of Saturation ◽

Halogenated Hydrocarbons ◽

Inhalation Toxicity ◽

Saturated Vapour Pressure ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Thermodynamic Scale ◽

Rat Cns

1 The relative potency of effect of a wide range of halogenated and unsubstituted hydrocarbons on the central nervous system (CNS) and the heart of experimental animals have been determined. 2 The chemicals used caused either stimulation or depression of the rat CNS after 10 minutes' inhalation of concentrations ranging from 0.24% to > 80% (v/v), and cardiac sensitization in dogs after 5 minutes' inhalation of 0.12% to approximately 80% (v/v). 3 The toxicity could not be correlated with chemical structure, molecular weight, the presence or absence of various halogen atoms or the degree of saturation, but it was inversely related to the saturated vapour pressure. When the results were expressed on a thermodynamic scale the chemicals had similar potencies at relative saturations of 0.004 to 0.04 4 It is suggested that the effects of these chemicals on the CNS and the heart are probably structurally non-specific, and the chemicals may be regarded as physical toxicants whose effects are predictable from their physico-chemical properties.

Download Full-text