1. On a Practical Constant-Volume Air Thermometer

1889 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
J. T. Bottomley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Thermodynamic Scale

In the fourth Mémoire of his celebrated Relation des Expériences, published in 1847, Regnault gives cogent reasons for preferring the air thermometer before any other as the instrument by means of which temperatures may be defined, and high temperatures determined. The thermodynamic researches of Sir William Thomson have furnished an absolute thermodynamic definition of temperatures ; and the experimental researches of Dr Joule and Sir William Thomson have established the practical agreement of Regnault's air thermometers with the thermodynamic scale of temperatures. Lastly, the air thermometer is at present the only instrument, with the exception of a mercurial thermometer which has been compared with an air thermometer, by means of which temperatures higher than, say, 150° C. or 200° C. can be determined within 3° C. or 4° C.*

scholarly journals Technological system diagnostics on reliability of specified quality parameter assurance for parts surfaces under machining

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Vladimir Fedorov ◽  
Anatoliy Suslov ◽  
Maksim Nagorkin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Technological System ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Functional Surface ◽  
Surface Machining ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Experimental Researches

In the paper there is shown a methodology for the parameter reliability diagnostics of the technological systems of machinery functional surface machining on their quality parameters. The problems arisen before designers and technologists and methods for their solution are under consideration. There are recommended roughness parameters affecting considerably the formation of a number of operation properties of surfaces. The circuits for the definition of technological system parameter reliability and a complex approach to experimental researches in the course of diagnostics are considered. The recommendations for the formation of standard computer modules of diagnostic systems and examples of their use are given.

scholarly journals Calculation of composite elements of slabs in buildings, structures and fragments of spans of bridges

2018 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 02007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Fomin ◽  
Yuriy Izbash ◽  
Serhii Butenko ◽  
Maryna Iakymenko ◽  
Karina Spirande
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Strain Diagram ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The calculation consists of two stages. The first one begins with the definition of their class, bearing capacity at temperature of 20 °C, according to EN 1992-1-1. At the second stage, the calculation at high temperatures shall be carried out in accordance with Eurocode 4 part 1-2. Comparison of the “stress-strain” diagram of concrete of class 30 under compression and temperature of 20 °C in two formulas showed their difference. That is, the designers do not have the opportunity to continue the calculation of diagrams at different heating temperatures. There was a need to improve the mathematical model of the “stress-strain” ratio of concrete high temperatures, clarification of the criteria of the bearing capacity of concrete in calculation of the fire resistance of composite structures in EN 1994-1-2:2005. In this paper, the method of determination of εcu1,θ developed has allowed, based on the energy approach, to formulate the corrected dependence of the limit deformation on temperature, dependence of the maximum deformation on temperature, and the value of the parameters of the “stress-strain” diagram. According to these data, using the formulas of the first stage, the “stress-strain” diagrams of the concrete of class 30 are calculated at the compression and heating according to EN 1992-1-2:2004.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ГНУЧКОСТІ ПЕРА НА ОПТИМАЛЬНІ УМОВИ СПРЯЖЕННЯ ПОЛИЦЬ ПОПАРНО БАНДАЖОВАНИХ ЛОПАТОК ТУРБІН

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Анатолій Павлович Зіньковський ◽  
Вячеслав Михайлович Меркулов ◽  
Іван Гордійович Токар ◽  
Олег Леонідович Деркач ◽  
Руслан Юрійович Шакало
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Interference Fit ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Vibration Stress ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Experimental Researches

In the article outcomes of probes by definition of influencing the flexibility of pen on optimum requirements of linking of shelves pairwise shrouded blades of turbines are considered. A design feature of such blades is that a composite shank, each half of which has a pen with a bezigless shroud platform, is freely inserted into the groove of disk. The application examples pairwise shrouded blades in turbines of a gas turbine engine (GTD), and also outcomes of the analysis of initial conditions of linking on shroud platforms of such blades are set up. It is shown that under the conditions of operation of the engine, there can be both an interference fit and a clearance on the shroud platform. A description is given of the developed methods for the experimental determination of the initial conditions for pairing the retaining shelves of pairwise shrouded blades and the study of their damping ability and vibration stress. Outcomes of the analysis of requirements of linking of bandage shelves of blading of impellors, experimental researches by definition of their influencing on vibrational stresses and a damping current capacity pairwise shrouded blades and their beam models as systems with a rigorous regular which one is characterized by the elastic-dissipative connection caused both bandages, and tool joints, taking into account flexibility of pen are introduced. It is displayed, that there is the best value of the argument of linking of bandage shelves at which one the maximum damping current capacity of twin blades and according to their minimum of vibrational stresses is reached. Thus, its meaning depends on the flexibility of the pen of a blade. By results of the conducted experimental researches of packages of pairwise shrouded blades of three turbine stages GTD AI-25 and turbine GTD D-36 first stage the relation of the best value of argument Δн, wholesale of linking of bandage shelves from the flexibility of pen which one allows to forecast its value for blades of other stages GTD is constructed. As blades of first stages of turbines GTD AI-322 and D-36 are characterized by flexibility neighbors it is possible to forecast with a high probability, that best values of the argument of linking of their shroud platforms will be one level.

scholarly journals Impacts of Metacognition Management System (MMS) Training Course on Metacognitive Competencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Fariba Dezhbankhan ◽  
Diana Lea Baranovich ◽  
Nabeel Abedalaziz ◽  
Soraya Dezhbankhan
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
First Century ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Metacognitive Intervention ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Procedural Models ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Experimental Researches

Metacognition is one of the vital competencies to seize the opportunities and overcome the challenges of twenty-first century; however, there is no precise definition of metacognition and it is a fuzzy concept. While classic, descriptive and procedural models try to describe the nature and ingredients of metacognition, theoretical clarity in terms of better definition and representation of its components is needed. This study by adopting theoretical models of metacognition through the Plan-Do-Check-Act principles (as a management instrument) proposes a conceptual framework, “Metacognition Management System (MMS)” that consolidates components, functions, and processes of metacognition in a single window. Then, impacts of a multidimensional intervention designed based on the MMS concept (MMS Training Course) provided in 12 hours, on 31 students’ metacognitive competencies was investigated using quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design. The large effect size (Partial η2 = .939, 95% confidence interval) implied that MMS training course has a statistically significant impact on metacognitive competencies. This study has implications for further theoretical and experimental researches on the configuration and application of the MMS as well as designing multidimensional metacognitive intervention.

scholarly journals The melting point of palladium

1929 ◽  
Vol 125 (798) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Planck Equation ◽  
Black Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Independent Basis ◽  
Thermodynamic Scale ◽  
Melting Point Of Palladium

The melting point of palladium is a convenient reference point for the measurement of high temperatures. In fixing a scale of temperature the aim is, of course, to approximate as closely as possible to the thermodynamic scale. From the absolute zero up to moderately high temperatures this ideal scale is realised most directly and accurately through the medium of the gas thermometer. However, with increase of temperature beyond a certain limit, the experimental difficulties of gas thermometry multiply rapidly, so that ultimately it becomes necessary to adopt another basis for obtaining the scale. This is conveniently found in the laws governing the radiation from a black body, which have a sound theoretical foundation and permit the use of measuring instruments of precision. The establishment of a practical scale of temperature on the lines above indicated has been the subject of considerable discussion between the national standardising laboratories of Germany, Great Britain and the United States of America. As a result, proposals for the definition of an "International Temperature Scale" were submitted to the 7th General Conference of Weights and Measures, and approved by them. In effect, the basis of the scale up to the melting point of gold is the gas thermometer, and beyond this temperature the Wien or Planck law of radiation with an agreed value for the constant c 2 . Owing to the difficulty of absolute measurements of radiation, no attempt has so far been made to place the radiation scale on an independent basis by fixing the other constant in the Wien or Planck equation. Consequently the scale is defined, for the present, relatively to a fixed point on the thermodynamic scale, as given by the gas thermometer, namely the melting point of gold (1063°C.).

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NATURAL GAS QUALITY BY ITS CALORIFIC VALUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Vasil Motalo ◽  
◽  
Bohdan Stadnyk ◽  
Andrij Motalo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Own Gas ◽  
Experimental Researches

The article develops and analyzes a method of the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of natural gas as an energy source. The method is based on establishing the calorific value of natural gas as a determinative index of its quality, taking into account all gas properties: both those that positively affect the gas calorific value and its energy content, and those that adversely affect. The generalized definition of natural gas quality as the degree to which the set of the own gas characteristics (component composition and physical properties) meet the requirements concerning energy content, safety, ecology, and other factors is given. The results of experimental researches on natural gas quality according to the developed procedure are also presented.

Usage of experimental typography of book cover design in digital age

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Çatal
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
Cover Design ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Application ◽  
Experimental Researches

Hamish Muir says that, " Every type job is experiment" (P,Bil'ak, www.typotheque.com). Designers are using experimental approaches to book covers which is one of the many graphic design areas where we encounter with fonts and they are trying to keep their designs alive and different via innovative solutions. Typographic approaches are changing with today’s technological developments and experimental researches affects book covers too. Developments in software regarding design enable using many applications simultaneously. Experimental researches, discoveries and interpretation of typography and images in an unexpected way empower communication. Different is always appealing. Therefore designers choose to do attractive and marketable designs and lay the foundation of new on this path which started as experimental. Definition of typography, common application areas and book covers which is one of these areas will be examined within this study and analyzes about usage of experimental typography will be conducted. Experimental approach process, its result and affects will be investigated and findings about necessity of experimental typography will be tried to find.Keywords: experimental typography, digital age, book cover design.

Definition of variable-volume and constant-volume reaction rates

1965 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max S. Peters ◽  
Edward J. Skorpinski
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Variable Volume ◽  
Volume Reaction ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals II. The action of heat upon ethylene

1894 ◽  
Vol 55 (331-335) ◽  
pp. 90-107 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Experimental Researches

The decompositions of the simpler forms of hydrocarbons at an elevated temperature have always been recognised as a question of the greatest importance, as upon them is dependent a true conception of many of the actions taking place in the manufacture of coal gas and other kindred processes of destructive distillation. Ethylene has in most cases been chosen as the hydrocarbon which would lend itself most readily to experimental researches upon this point, as, besides being one of the simplest, it is easily prepared, and is moreover found as one of the products in nearly all cases where organic compounds are subjected to distillation at high temperatures.

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