A Two-Phase Flow Model for Reserves Estimation in Tight-Oil and Gas-Condensate Reservoirs Using Scaling Principles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
L. M. Ruiz Maraggi ◽  
L. W. Lake ◽  
M. P. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Tight Oil ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

Summary A common approach to forecast production from unconventional reservoirs is to extrapolate single-phase flow solutions. This approach ignores the effects of multiphase flow, which exist once the reservoir pressure falls below the bubble/dewpoint. This work introduces a new two-phase (oil and gas) flow solution suitable to extrapolating oil and gas production using scaling principles. In addition, this study compares the application of the two-phase and the single-phase solutions to estimates of production from tight-oil wells in the Wolfcamp Formation of west Texas. First, we combine the oil and the gas flow equations into a single two-phase flow equation. Second, we introduce a two-phase pseudopressure to help linearize the pressure diffusivity equation. Third, we cast the two-phase diffusion equation into a dimensionless form using inspectional analysis. The output of the model is a predicted dimensionless flow rate that can be easily scaled using two parameters: a hydrocarbon pore volume and a characteristic time. This study validates the solution against results of a commercial simulator. We also compare the results of both the two-phase and the single-phase solutions to forecast wells. The results of this research are the following: First, we show that single-phase flow solutions will consistently underestimate the oil ultimate recovery factors (URFs) for solution gas drives. The degree of underestimation will depend on the reservoir and flowing conditions as well as the fluid properties. Second, this work presents a sensitivity analysis of the pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties, which shows that lighter oils (more volatile) will yield larger recovery factors for the same drawdown conditions. Third, we compare the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) predictions for two-phase and single-phase solutions under boundary-dominated flow (BDF) conditions. The results show that single-phase flow solutions will underestimate the ultimate cumulative oil production of wells because they do not account for liberation of dissolved gas and its subsequent expansion (pressure support) as the reservoir pressure falls below the bubblepoint. Finally, the application of the two-phase model provides a better fit when compared with the single-phasesolution. The present model requires very little computation time to forecast production because it only uses two fitting parameters. It provides more realistic estimates of URFs and EURs, when compared with single-phase flow solutions, because it considers the expansion of the oil and gas phases for saturated flow. Finally, the solution is flexible and can be applied to forecast both tight-oil and gas condensate wells.

Study of Wake Characteristics of a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine within Two-Phase Flow

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 811-815
Author(s):  
Ping He ◽  
Nai Chao Chen ◽  
Dan Mei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Two Phase

The two-phase flow is addressed for the more accurate estimation of the wake characteristic for the horizontal-axis wind turbine operating in the complexly unsteady environmental states. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is implemented for performing the three-dimensional wind turbine using the simulating software tool of FLUNT. Three types of environmental states, single-phase flow, liquid-gas flow and solid-gas flow, are performed for the comparison of velocity and pressure distribution to derive the specify feature for wind turbine within two-phase flow environmental state. The calculated results shows that there has the similar evolutional tendency of velocity distribution for both single- and two-phase flows and the velocity decrement at the distance of 20 meter away from wind turbine still reach to 80% of inflow speed. But the turbine blade within two-phase flow is subject to the unsteady flow with the larger velocity gradient compared with that within single-phase flow. For the static pressure, large difference occurred in these three types of environmental state reveals that the second material in addition to atmospheres causes the prominent influence of aerodynamic force and its power coefficient. The results exhibit that wind turbine within solid-gas flow has the largest power coefficient that those within the gas and liquid-gas flows.

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer of Single-Phase Flow and Boiling Two-Phase Flow in Vertical Narrow Annuli

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suizheng Qiu ◽  
Minoru Takahashi ◽  
Guanghui Su ◽  
Dounan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Annular Channel ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Narrow Annuli ◽  
Narrow Gaps

Water single-phase and nucleate boiling heat transfer were experimentally investigated in vertical annuli with narrow gaps. The experimental data about water single-phase flow and boiling two-phase flow heat transfer in narrow annular channel were accumulated by two test sections with the narrow gaps of 1.0mm and 1.5mm. Empirical correlations to predict the heat transfer of the single-phase flow and boiling two-phase flow in the narrow annular channel were obtained, which were arranged in the forms of the Dittus-Boelter for heat transfer coefficients in a single-phase flow and the Jens-Lottes formula for a boiling two-phase flow in normal tubes, respectively. The mechanism of the difference between the normal channel and narrow annular channel were also explored. From experimental results, it was found that the turbulent heat transfer coefficients in narrow gaps are nearly the same to the normal channel in the experimental range, and the transition Reynolds number from a laminar flow to a turbulent flow in narrow annuli was much lower than that in normal channel, whereas the boiling heat transfer in narrow annular gap was greatly enhanced compared with the normal channel.

Turbulence Structure of a Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Jet by Means of Laser Techniques

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshimichi Arai ◽  
Naoki Kudo ◽  
Tsuneaki Ishima ◽  
Ismail M. Youssef ◽  
Tomio Obokata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Size Discrimination ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Particle Volume ◽  
Two Phase

Characteristics on particle motion in a liquid-solid two-phase jet flow were studied in the paper. The water jet including glass particle of 389 μm in mean diameter was injected into water bath. The experimental conditions were 0.21% of initial particle volume ratio, 5mm in pipe diameter and 1.84 m/s of mean velocity on outlet of the jet. A laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) with size discrimination was applied for measuring the time serious velocities of the single-phase flow, particle and water phase flow. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) was also applied in the two-phase flow. The normal PIV method can hardly measure the particle size and perform the particle size discrimination. In the experiment, using the gray scales related with the scattering light intensity, measuring method with size discrimination in two-phase flow was carried out. The experimental results show less difference between velocities of single-phase flow and water-phase flow under this low particle volume ratio condition. Particles have the relative motion with the water-phase and large rms velocity. The PIV used in this experiment, which is called multi-intensity-layer-PIV: MILP, can measure water-phase velocity with good accuracy.

Research on Two-Phase Flow Induced Vibration Characteristics of U-Tube Bundles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Nai-bin ◽  
Gao Li-xia ◽  
Huang Xuan ◽  
Zang Feng-gang ◽  
Xiong Fu-rui
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Vibration Response ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Tube Bundles

In steam generators and other heat exchangers, there are a lot of tube bundles subjected to two-phase cross-flow. The fluctuating pressure on tube bundle caused by turbulence can induce structural vibration. The experimental data from a U-tube bundle of steam generator in air-water flow loop are analyzed in this work. The different upper bounds of buffeting force are used to calculate the turbulence buffeting response of U-tubes, and the calculation results are compared with the experimental results. The upper bounds of buffeting force include one upper bound based on single-phase flow, and two upper bounds based on two-phase flow. It is shown that the upper bound based on single-phase flow seriously underestimated the turbulence excitation, the calculated vibration response is much less than the experimental measurement. On the other hand, the vibration response results calculated with the upper bounds based on two-phase flow are closer to the measured results under most circumstances.

Measurement of Pressure Loss Throughout a Clogged Steam Generator Tube Support Plate in Single Phase Flow

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Brunin ◽  
Geoffrey Deotto ◽  
Franck David ◽  
Joe¨l Pillet ◽  
Gilles Dague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Loss Coefficient ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Loss Coefficient

After a period of several years of operation, steam generators can be affected by fouling and clogging. Fouling means that deposits of sludge accumulate on tubes or tube support plates (TSP). That results in a reduction of heat exchange capabilities and can be modelled by means of a fouling factor. Clogging is a reduction of flow free area due to an accumulation of sludge in the space between TSP and tubes. The increase of the clogging ratio results in an increase of the overall TSP pressure loss coefficient. The link between the clogging ratio and the overall TSP pressure loss coefficient is the most important aspect of our capability to accurately calculate the thermal-hydraulics of clogged steam generators. The aim of the paper is to detail the experimental approach chosen by EDF and AREVA NP to address the calculation uncertainties. The calculation method is classically based on the computation of a single-phase (liquid-only) pressure loss coefficient, which is multiplied by a two-phase flow factor. Both parameters are well documented and can be derived on the basis of state of the art methods such as IDEL’CIK diagrams and CHISHOLM formula. The experimental approach consists of a validation of the correlations by performing tests on a mock-up section with an upward flow throughout a vertical array of tubes. A mixture of water and vapour refrigerant R116 is used to represent two-phase flows. The tube bundle is composed of a 25 tubes array in a square arrangement. The overall height of the mock-up is 2 m. Eight test TSPs were manufactured, considering eight different clogging configurations: six plates with a typical clogging profile at six clogging ratios (0, 44%, 58%, 72%, 86%, 95%), and two plates with a clogging ratio of 72% associated with two different clogging profiles (large bending radius profile and rectangular profile). A series of tests were performed in 2009 in single-phase flow conditions. Two-phase flow tests with a mixture of liquid water and vapour refrigerant R116 will be performed in 2010. The paper illustrates the main results obtained during the single-phase tests performed in 2009.

scholarly journals Two-Phase Flow Simulations Using 1D Centerline-Based C- and U-Shaped Pipe Meshes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2020
Author(s):  
Thinh Quy Duc Pham ◽  
Jichan Jeon ◽  
Daeseong Jo ◽  
Sanghun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Generation ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Two Fluid Model ◽  
Two Fluid

This study aims to investigate the pressure changes, bubble dynamics, and flow physics inside the U- and C-shaped pipes with four different gravitational directions. The simulation is performed using a 1D centerline-based mesh generation technique along with a two-fluid model in the open-source software, OpenFOAM v.6. The continuity and momentum equations of the two-fluid model are discretized using the pressure-implicit method for the pressure-linked equation algorithm. The static and hydrostatic pressures in the two-phase flow were consistent with those of single-phase flow. The dynamic pressure in the two-phase flow was strongly influenced by the effect of the buoyancy force. In particular, if the direction of buoyancy force is the same as the flow direction, the dynamic pressure of the air phase increases, and that of the water phase decreases to satisfy the law of conservation of mass. Dean flows are observed on the transverse plane of the curve regions in both C-shaped and U-shaped pipes. The turbulent kinetic energy is stronger in a two-phase flow than in a single-phase flow. Using the 1D centerline-based mesh generation technique, we demonstrate the changes in pressure and the turbulent kinetic energy of the single- and two-phase flows, which could be observed in curve pipes.

Pressure Drop During Two-Phase Flow of R134a and R32 in a Single Minichannel

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cavallini ◽  
Davide Del Col ◽  
Marko Matkovic ◽  
Luisa Rossetto
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Roughness Effects ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Adiabatic Flow

Condensation in minichannels is widely used in air-cooled condensers for the automotive and air-conditioning industry, heat pipes, and compact heat exchangers. The knowledge of pressure drops in such small channels is important in order to optimize heat transfer surfaces. Most of the available experimental work refers to measurements obtained within multiport smooth extruded tubes and deal with the average values over the number of parallel channels. In this context, the present authors have set up a new test apparatus for heat transfer and fluid flow studies in single minichannels. This paper presents new experimental frictional pressure gradient data, relative to single-phase flow and adiabatic two-phase flow of R134a and R32 inside a single horizontal minitube, with a 0.96 mm inner diameter and with not-negligible surface roughness. The new all-liquid and all-vapor data are successfully compared against predictions of single-phase flow models. Also the two-phase flow data are compared against a model previously developed by the present authors for adiabatic flow or flow during condensation of halogenated refrigerants inside smooth minichannels. Surface roughness effects on the liquid-vapor flow are discussed. In this respect, the friction factor in the proposed model is modified, in order to take into consideration also effects due to wall roughness.

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