On Some Factors Affecting Casing Collapse Resistance under External Pressure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisen Lin ◽  
David Coe ◽  
Richard Harris ◽  
Timothy Thomas
Keyword(s):  
External Pressure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Casing Collapse

Analysis and Testing of Factors Affecting Collapse Performance of Casing

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Fowler ◽  
E. F. Klementich ◽  
J. F. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Collapse Resistance

This paper describes testing and analysis which demonstrates that collapse specimens tested in short testers with rigid end seals give artificially high collapse values. It also compares the API collapse formulas with conventional strength of materials collapse criteria which incorporate ovality and finds the two approaches give very similar results. A statistical analysis indicates that ovality, while not nearly as important as yield strength and D/t, is important to collapse. Finally, it shows that pipe with lower ovality exhibits better collapse resistance.

The Effect of Length: Diameter Ratio on Collapse of Casing

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Huang ◽  
P. D. Pattillo
Keyword(s):  
Axial Load ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Finite Cylinder ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
Collapse Resistance

This paper presents an analysis of the cross-sectional collapse of a cylinder of finite length loaded simultaneously by an axial tension (which may be zero) and external pressure. The calculation is based on Sanders’ nonlinear shell equations with plasticity introduced via the concept of effective stress from a uniaxial tension test. The finite cylinder is an appropriate model of oil well casing as it undergoes quality control testing in the steel mill where the edges of the cylinder are usually fixed in the case of nonzero axial load and free in the case of zero axial load. However, in field application, the length: diameter ratio of casing is such that the cylinder may be considered infinite. Guidelines contained herein permit prediction of the collapse resistance of field casing from the results of mill tests performed on short samples.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-Marketing by Decision Makers in SMEs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kasem Alrousan ◽  
Ahmad Samed Al-Adwan ◽  
Amro Al-Madadha ◽  
Mohammad Hamdi Al Khasawneh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Top Management Support ◽  
It Knowledge

This study examines the factors that influence decision-makers to adopt e-marketing in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan. There is currently no comprehensive conceptual framework that explains e-marketing adoption in SMEs. Therefore, this study develops a conceptual framework based on the diffusion of innovation (DOI) and technology-organization-environment (TOE) theories. The conceptual framework is composed of four contexts: technological, organizational, managerial, and environmental, and hypothesizes eleven factors significantly influencing e-marketing adoption in SMEs. A self-administrated questionnaire survey was conducted with 362 SMEs in Jordan. Logistic regression was used to test the relevant hypotheses. The obtained results show that relative advantages, complexity, IT expertise, top management support, manager's IT knowledge and external pressure have a significant impact on e-marketing adoption. However, compatibility, cost, firm size, manager innovativeness, and government support do not show any association with e-marketing adoption.

Analysis on the Influence Factors of Casing Collapse Resistance Strength

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 2121-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Lou ◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Xin Li Han ◽  
Dong Feng Li ◽  
Guang Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Resistance Property ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Casing Collapse

Casing collapse resistance strength is an important parameter for its properties in using. Specification, geometry accuracy, material properties, and many other reasons can influence casing collapse resistance property. Study each factors influence for casing collapse resistance strength based on full scale collapse test results of seventeen Φ177.80mm casings and there geometry and material properties test results. The results show that casing collapse resistance strength was influenced by geometry accuracy, yield strength and residual stress together. Ovality greater than 0.5% and fluctuated more than 0.5%, or eccentricity more than 10%, casing collapse resistance strength will be reduced obviously. Casing with excellent collapse resistance strength will be produced through making yield strength in appropriate level, controlling the geometry accuracy and reducing residual stress.

Examination of Commercial Casing Collapse Strength Under Axial Loading

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tamano ◽  
Y. Inoue ◽  
H. Mimura ◽  
S. Yanagimoto
Keyword(s):  
Axial Load ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Plastic Collapse ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Collapse Pressure ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Collapse Strength ◽  
Casing Collapse

Collapse testing of commercial API grade 7-in. casing was conducted under combined external pressure and axial load. The measured collapse pressure was considerably higher than the API minimum value, especially for the large D/t ratio, as expected. For the casings of large D/t ratio, the measured collapse pressure was a little smaller than the theoretical value for ideal pipe and the axial stress had a slight effect on the collapse pressure. In the range of plastic collapse, the measured collapse pressure was not less than the yield pressure for ideal pipe except near the boundary of the elastic and plastic collapse ranges.

Enhanced Collapse Resistance of Compressed Steel Pipes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkat R. Krishnan ◽  
David A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Sensitivity Studies

Pipe collapse is a primary design consideration for deep water locations and offshore areas with sharp seabed curvatures or spans, where bending reduces collapse resistance due to ovalization. Previous numerical and experimental work has shown that collapse resistance of steel pipes can be enhanced significantly by using compression instead of expansion during the final stage of the pipe forming process. ExxonMobil has recently undertaken a rigorous numerical modeling and experimental testing program to investigate the collapse resistance of compressed (JCOC) steel pipes under combined loading of external pressure and bending, and this paper presents the main results from the program. The first part of the paper presents results of sensitivity studies from three dimensional (3D) finite element analyses (FEA) of the pipe forming process, and the second part focuses on the collapse modeling under combined loading as well as a comparison of the numerical results with the experiments. The results indicate that the collapse envelope for steel pipes under combined external pressure and bending can be enhanced by up to 35% by adopting pipe compression rather than expansion as the final step of the forming process.

Collapse Resistance Under Combined External Pressure and Bending Deformation of Coated Linepipe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Sakimoto ◽  
Hisakazu Tajika ◽  
Tsunehisa Handa ◽  
Yoshiaki Murakami ◽  
Satoshi Igi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Bauschinger Effect ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Compressive Yield Strength ◽  
Heat Cycle ◽  
Bending Deformation ◽  
Collapse Resistance

Abstract As offshore pipeline projects have expanded to deeper water regions with depths of more than 2 000 m, higher resistance against collapse by external pressure is now required in linepipe. Collapse resistance is mainly controlled by the pipe geometry and compressive yield strength. In UOE pipe, the compressive yield strength along the circumferential direction changes dramatically due to tensile pre-strain that occurs in pipe forming processes such as the expansion process. In order to improve the compressive yield strength of pipes, it is important to consider the Bauschinger effect caused by pipe expansion. As the mechanism of this effect, it is understood that internal stress is generated by the accumulation of dislocations, and this reduces reverse flow stress. Compressive yield strength is also changed by the thermal cycle associated with application of fusion-bond epoxy in pipe anti-corrosion coating by induction heating. In the typical thermal heat cycle of this coating process, the maximum heating temperature is from 200 °C to 250 °C. In this case, compressive yield strength increases as an effect of the thermal cycle, resulting in increased collapse resistance. Thus, for deep water application of UEO linepipe, it is important to clarify the conflicting effects of the Bauschinger effect and the thermal heat cycle on compressive yield strength. During installation of deep water pipelines by a method such as J-lay, curvature is imposed on the pipe axis, but the circumferential bending that leads to ovalization is determined by the interaction of the curvature of bending deformation. This bending deformation decreases collapse resistance. The interaction of external pressure and bending is also important when evaluating collapse. Against this background, this study discusses the collapse criteria for coated linepipe and their bending interaction against collapse based on a full-scale collapse test under external pressure with and without bending loading. The effect of the thermal heat cycle on linepipe collapse criteria is also discussed based on the results of tensile pre-strain tests with simulation of the thermal cycle and a collapse calculation by FEA.

Optimizing Production and Improving Well Accessibility With Expandable Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (07) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Murray Forbes
Keyword(s):  
External Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Squeeze Pressure ◽  
Hydrocarbon Recovery ◽  
Well Location ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Collapse Resistance ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Inner Diameter

Collapsed tubing occurs when external pressure outside the casing is greater than the pressure inside. There are several circumstances which can lead to a collapse, including high pressure outside the casing during operations such as cement squeeze, pressure testing in the annulus, and when the mud level inside the casing drops due to a loss of circulation. The well location within the rock formation can also have an impact on the potential for collapsed tubing. Seismic activity can cause significant damage to the casing and tubing so careful well design and strict operating procedures are essential to reduce the risk. When the issue does occur, it can create a significantly restricted area in the wellbore and often results in failure to gain access below the collapsed area in a wellbore. This, in turn, can cause extensive nonproductive time (NPT) to remediate the issue. Planned drilling or intervention work is halted, and production may be deferred. In the most severe instances when the casing collapses the well is completely abandoned. While the industry continues to focus on enhancing hydrocarbon recovery from existing wells, these operations must remain economically viable. Therefore, preventing and resolving well integrity and access issues have never been more important. With advancements in expandable technology, it is now possible to reform the restriction in a tubular, enabling the inner diameter (ID) to be opened. This allows for either reinstatement of production back to surface or access to equipment below, permitting operators to resume operations with minimal NPT.Coretrax recently deployed its ReForm wellbore repair tool when an international oil company experienced collapsed tubing in a remote well off the coast of Papua New Guinea. The solution uses hydraulic pressure applied at surface to reform collapsed, oval, or restricted tubulars. Overcoming Traditional Limitations During drilling and production activity, tubing and casing are exposed to a range of axial loads and temperatures as the operator utilizes various methods to reach, and then extract, hydrocarbons from the well. In drilling activity, mud losses can often be encountered through thief zones which leads to a lower mud level. With the consistent pressure outside the casing, the collapse resistance can be affected, resulting in full collapse in the wellbore. Swaging is a conventional and widely used method of repairing collapsed tubing. The process involves a series of swages run downhole to gradually open the collapsed area. It can be done with specialized swage packers or with a hydraulic expandable swage. Both methods provide a bond to the existing casing once properly prepped. The technique can take a significant amount of time to open the area due to the number of different swages required. Each time a larger size is needed, the operator must use significant rig time to trip out of hole. While it can have successful outcomes for repairing damaged areas of well casing or screens for example, due to the weight required in the pipe to swage, this procedure is not suitable for shallow or lateral wells.

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