Single and Multi-Phase Flow Loop Testing for Characterization and Optimization of Flow Control Devices Used in SAGD: The Effect of Viscosity and Gas-to-Liquid Ratio on Tool Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishak Yusuf ◽  
Morteza Roostaei ◽  
Mohammad Soroush ◽  
Giuseppe Rosi ◽  
Kelly Berner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Control Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Wall Profile

ABSTRACT The design of Flow Control Devices (FCDs) requires performance data of an FCD’s internal nozzle under a wide range of flow scenarios. The current study specifically considers the effect of nozzle diameter and wall profile on the induced pressure loss, and subsequently the recovery performance of an FCD. For this study, a flow measurement facility is developed to test the performance of different orifice/nozzle geometries. The flow of single- and two-phase fluid at various flow rates and mass fractions, is experimented. The pressure drop data from the experiments is used to produce performance curves that characterize pressure loss across the geometries. The pressure loss for two-phase flows are compared to their single-phase counterparts to characterize the performance of the tested geometries in the two scenarios. A detailed protocol for performance testing of FCDs is followed as per Advanced Well Equipment Standard (AWES: recommended practice3362). The testing protocol was utilized to characterize the performance of different FCDs geometries under single- and two-phase flow conditions. The results showed the pressure loss characteristic obtained from the flow loop experiments match the corresponding theories. The study has thus provided promising results for the successful application of direct flow loop testing to obtain reliable data which can be used in FCD design, performance investigation, and reservoir simulation.

Transition of Bubbly to Slug Flow in a Short Vertical Channel of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 721-725
Author(s):  
Mohd Zamri Zainon ◽  
Mohd Ardan Zubir ◽  
Rahizar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Slug Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Vertical Channel ◽  
Superficial Velocity ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Flow

Transitions of bubbly to slug flow have been investigated for wide range of flow conditions via visualization technique. The effects of velocities of both phases were examined with variety of combinations and the experimentations were focused on the air-water flow with an industrial scale two-phase flow loop. The results show that the formations of slugs were easy with the increasing gas superficial velocity during a fixed liquid superficial velocity and were difficult when velocity of the liquid phase increases. These transitions were then evaluated using the ratio of velocities of both phases or called the slip ratio and from there a simple flow pattern map was constructed.

Field-Scale Evaluation of Leak Detection for Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Deepwater Production Systems

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Griffin ◽  
John Rogers Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase

This paper focuses on validating a theoretical method for the detection of leaks in deep water, multi-phase pipelines. [1] Six field-scale, two-phase flow tests were conducted to compare small leaks with a no-leak condition. These tests qualitatively demonstrate the feasibility of Scott’s concept. Knowing the characteristic pressure loss versus throughput in a line without a leak provides a basis for determining the presence of a leak by measuring pressure loss and flowrate out of the line. If the pressure loss is higher than expected for that flowrate, a leak is a likely possible cause. In these full-scale tests, a leak was readily detectable once the leak rate exceeded 16 percent for the case where the average rate exiting the line was 547 MCFPD. These tests were performed on a 3.64 inch (9.25 cm) internal diameter 9,640 foot (2,938 m) long flow loop with the leak occurring at the midpoint.

Velocities Effects on the Void Fraction Distribution in a Vertical Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Channel

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Mohd Zamri Zainon ◽  
Mohd Ardan Zubir ◽  
Rahizar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Void Fraction ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Channel ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Void Fractions ◽  
Conductance Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fraction Distribution

Measurement of void fraction in a vertically arranged gas-liquid two-phase flow channel has been conducted for wide range of flow conditions using a specially developed sensor based on electric conductance method. The effects of velocities of both phases were examined with variety of combinations using an industrial scale two-phase flow loop. The results show that at a constant rate of liquid superficial velocities the void fractions increases with the increasing gas superficial velocities and at higher velocities of liquid phase, the value of void fraction becoming lower. The average void fractions were also compared with other scholars results.

Flow Control Devices in Steam Assisted Thermal Applications: A Way to Optimize Both Steam Injection and Fluids Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Zhu ◽  
Alberto Uzcategui
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Steam Flooding ◽  
Flow Control Devices ◽  
Control Devices

Abstract Flow Control Device (FCD) completions in steam assisted thermal applications have been implemented in several places: Canada, California, China, Oman and Colombia, among others. Such completion configurations have been more common in recent years to mitigate or avoid uneven and/or improper steam placement and steam breakthrough, which are some of the critical issues operators have experienced in these developments. This study presents different FCD technologies designed to optimize the steam injection and fluids production for diverse steam assisted applications including SAGD, CSS and Steam Flooding. Three FCD technologies are introduced: (i) supersonic steam injection FCD, (ii) steam choking FCD and (iii) multi-directional FCD. Extensive Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations, analytic near-wellbore simulations and flow loop testing were conducted to evaluate the performance of the three technologies: (i) the supersonic steam injection FCD showed a high pressure recovery (therefore, less upstream pressure requirements) and a reduction of the cumulative steam-oil ratio, (ii) the steam choking FCD demonstrated the highest steam choking capability for these type of devices and (iii) the multi-directional FCD showed promising results for CSS applications to allow for supersonic steam injection during the injection phase and steam choking capabilities during the production phase Common FCD deployment risks such as erosion, scaling potential and high pressure drops were reviewed to provide the reader with a high level understanding of the factors which could induce these issues. Finally, field data where FCD completions have been installed is presented to compare the FCD wells performance versus conventional well designs and illustrate the success of these completions strategies. Keywords: flow control devices, supersonic steam injection, steam choking

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