Least mean sixth control approach for three-phase three-wire grid-integrated PV system

<p><span lang="EN-US">This work proposes an adaptive filter based on a new least mean sixth control approach with incremental conductance method of MPP for 3-phase grid-incorporated photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed system comprises a PV array, 3-phase DC to AC converter, maximum power point tracker (MPPT), three-phase electronic load, and a 3-phase grid. The combination of solar PV array and the voltage source converter (VSC) supplies power to the grid. The 3-phase inverter as a distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) improves the quality of the system performance in case of zero solar irradiation. D-STATCOM also reduces total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid currents, improves power factor, and maintainsa constant voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The system modelling and simulation is achieved on MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed system performance has been found satisfactory and conform to IEEE-519 standards.</span></p>

Steep Subthreshold Swing and Enhanced Illumination Stability InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistor by Plasma Oxidation on Silicon Nitride Gate Dielectric

In this paper, an InGaZnO thin-film transistor (TFT) based on plasma oxidation of silicon nitride (SiNx) gate dielectric with small subthreshold swing (SS) and enhanced stability under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS) have been investigated in detail. The mechanism of the high-performance InGaZnO TFT with plasma-oxidized SiNx gate dielectric was also explored. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed that an oxygen-rich layer formed on the surface of the SiNx layer and the amount of oxygen vacancy near the interface between SiNx and InGaZnO layer was suppressed via pre-implanted oxygen on SiNx gate dielectric before deposition of the InGaZnO channel layer. Moreover, the conductance method was employed to directly extract the density of the interface trap (Dit) in InGaZnO TFT to verify the reduction in oxygen vacancy after plasma oxidation. The proposed InGaZnO TFT with plasma oxidation exhibited a field-effect mobility of 16.46 cm2/V·s, threshold voltage (Vth) of −0.10 V, Ion/Ioff over 108, SS of 97 mV/decade, and Vth shift of −0.37 V after NBIS. The plasma oxidation on SiNx gate dielectric provides a novel approach for suppressing the interface trap for high-performance InGaZnO TFT.

A quantitative approach for trap analysis between Al0.25Ga0.75N and GaN in high electron mobility transistors

The characteristics of traps between the Al0.25Ga0.75N barrier and the GaN channel layer in a high-electron-mobility-transistors (HEMTs) were investigated. The interface traps at the Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN interface as well as the border traps were experimentally analyzed because the Al0.25Ga0.75N barrier layer functions as a dielectric owing to its high dielectric constant. The interface trap density Dit and border trap density Nbt were extracted from a long-channel field-effect transistor (FET), conventionally known as a FATFET structure, via frequency-dependent capacitance–voltage (C–V) and conductance–voltage (G–V) measurements. The minimum Dit value extracted by the conventional conductance method was 2.5 × 1012 cm−2·eV−1, which agreed well with the actual transistor subthreshold swing of around 142 mV·dec−1. The border trap density Nbt was also extracted from the frequency-dependent C–V characteristics using the distributed circuit model, and the extracted value was 1.5 × 1019 cm−3·eV−1. Low-frequency (1/f) noise measurement provided a clearer picture of the trapping–detrapping phenomena in the Al0.25Ga0.75N layer. The value of the border trap density extracted using the carrier-number-fluctuation (CNF) model was 1.3 × 1019 cm−3·eV−1, which is of a similar level to the extracted value from the distributed circuit model.

Inversion-type p-channel diamond MOSFET issues

This article reviews the state of the art in inversion-type p-channel diamond MOSFETs. We successfully developed the world’s first inversion-channel homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial diamond MOSFETs. We investigated the dependence of phosphorus concentration (NP) of the n-type body on field-effect mobility (μFE) and interface state density (Dit) for the inversion channel homoepitaxial diamond MOSFETs. With regard to the electrical properties of both the homoepitaxial and heteroepitaxial diamond MOSFETs, they suffer from low μFE and one main reason is high Dit. To improve the interface quality, we proposed a novel technique to form OH-termination by using H-diamond followed by wet annealing, instead of the previous OH-termination formed on O-diamond. We made precise interface characterization for diamond MOS capacitors by using the high-low C–V method and the conductance method, providing further insights into the trap properties at Al2O3/diamond interface, which would be beneficial for performance enhancement of the inversion-type p-channel diamond MOSFETs. Graphic abstract

Thermodynamics of the micellization of quaternary based cationic surfactants in triethanolamine-water media: a conductometry study

The effect of triethanolamine, a solvent with wide technical and industrial benefit on the micellization of an aqueous mixture of cationic surfactants, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DETAB) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HATAB) was studied to examining the stability of the mixed micelles at 298.1, 303.1, 308.1 and 313.1 K using the electrical conductance method. The values of the critical micelle concentration (C*) were found to decrease with an increase in the concentration of triethanolamine (TEA). The values of the free energy of micellization (ΔGm) were negative at a particular temperature, and the extent of spontaneity was discovered to increase when the concentration of TEA was increased. However, an increase in temperature was observed to have a negative linear relationship with the spontaneity of the process. The formation of the mixed micelles was an exothermic process, and it was also TEA and temperature-dependent with a trend similar to those observed in the free energy of micellization (ΔGm). The degree of disorderliness of the system was also found to be entropy driven at a higher concentration of TEA. The synergistic interaction between the molecules of DETAB–HATAB in the presence of TEA (0.4% v/v) and the spontaneity of the system was at the maximum at 0.1:0.9 mol fraction ratio and the energetics of the system was discussed based on hydrophobic–solvophobic interaction of the monomers in TEA at elevated temperatures.

Power Quality Enhancement of Solar PV Interfaced Distribution System by Delta-Bar-Delta Neural Network

This project presents incremental conductance method for maximum power point tracker (MPPT). Main reason to develop solar photovoltaic energy source is to reduce deterioration in power. Power quality cannot be increases by the week distribution of grid. To increases the power of the grid solar energy conversion system paramount by implementation of a robust control technique. In this project we are we have control algorithm such as delta bar delta but neural network which is in control technique by this active power will be fed to the loads and remaining power to the grid as a function of distribution static compensator it has the capability of mitigating harmonics and balancing of loss and improving power factor. The delta bar delta neural network control algorithm has a capability to adjust weight adaptively in an independent manner and it offers alleviation in the model complexity predominant during an abnormal great conditions along with a reduction in complexion time. This model is efficient utilization accomplished with incremental conductance based on maximum power point tracking techniques for validating the behaviour of proposed system and we can expect this results in the simulation via MATLAB. The realization of MPPT controller can be based on different methods and algorithms. The results and technique include incremental conductance techniques due to the reduced oscillations while determining the Maximum PowerPoint is preferred here and it is also suitable for commercial purpose.

Maximum Power Point Tracking in the Photovoltaic Module Using Incremental Conductance Algorithm with Variable Step Length

Tracking maximum power in photovoltaic applications is considered a major issue. Because of the change in the output power of solar cells by changing the radiation and temperature, it is required to receive the maximum power from solar array to be achieved the maximum efficiency using maximum power tracking methods. A large number of the maximum power methods have been introduced so far, but each has difficulty in terms of tracking speed and accuracy, and in practice, they have not been able to improve both of these factors. Among the commonly used methods, the incremental conductance method has a good tracking speed and accuracy, but at the same time, it cannot reach both to a desirable value. In this paper, a new method is proposed based on the above method that improves the mentioned factors simultaneously to an acceptable limit. The result of the simulation confirms the correctness of the claim of the proposed method.

Impact of Optimal Integration of Dispersed Generation in an Electrical Distribution Network

The impact of renewable energy dispersed generation (DG) in the electrical network in a way that increases the level of power also to ensure the continuity of service under better conditions Require many Big challenges, This paper provides a methodology solutions of hybrid photovoltaïque arry (PV) and wind turbine (WT) energy integration in the distribution electrical network with climate data from the wilaya of laghouat (Affiliated to Algeria) with maximal power level 500 kw and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) Incremental Conductance method follow-up to the maximum power point generated by the hybrid pv and wt system to ensure energy demand and improve the quality of electrical networks

Tracking Maximum Power Point of a PV Array based on Change in Conductance Method

In this paper we are going to see how the MPPT algorithm is used to obtain maximum power using a booster converter from a PV array. The booster converter steps up the voltage to required level. The main aim is to track the maximum power point of a solar module and there by using it effectively and efficiently.