The Evolution of Subsea Wells Plug and Abandon by the Use of Intervention Vessel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Stocchi ◽  
Giacomo Zinzani ◽  
Andrea Lazzari ◽  
Giuseppe Leo ◽  
Paolo Giovanni Pasquali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Operation Sequence ◽  
Time Reduction

Abstract During the last years, the total number of subsea wells considerably increased thanks to growing investments in the development of deep and ultra-deep water fields. At the end of their producing life, all these wells will need to be decommissioned and permanently plugged and abandoned, so the demand for technologies that will allow to fulfil this task in the respect of the regulations and at the minimum cost gained a lot of momentum. This paper describes a permanent P&A strategy of subsea wells to be carried out with Well Intervention vessel. The study first goes through the operation sequence and available technologies, defining an abandonment approach which is in line with international standards. Identified strategy results into a significant time and cost reduction comparing with traditional subsea wells decommissioning works performed by a floater rig, even maintaining the same level of safety and effectiveness. The study shows that the overall time reduction estimated by using an intervention vessel ranges from 40 to 55%, compared to a conventional rig-based approach, leading the wells abandonment expenditure savings up to 70%. For all those wells where the implementation of an intervention vessel is not guaranteed, there is still room to get time and cost savings of about 5-15% by combining the same riserless technologies with a conventional floater rig.

Significant Time Reduction and Cost Savings Realized Through the Use of Wireline Deployed Milling Services, to Enlarge a Tubing Hanger

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mangione ◽  
Elpidio Gravante ◽  
Giuliano Sinibaldi ◽  
Adriano Cianci ◽  
Gianluigi Sala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Time Reduction ◽  
Tubing Hanger

Particle Swarm Optimization Method for Optimal Prioritization of Pavement Sections for Maintenance and Rehabilitation Activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Ruey Chang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Maintenance And Rehabilitation

Optimal prioritization of maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) activities for pavement sections can enable significant time and cost-savings. In this study, we used the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to achieve optimal prioritization of 135 pavement sections based on eight pavement condition parameters. The parameters included standard deviation (SD) for smoothness, rutting, deflections, cracking, pothole, bleeding, patching, and shoving. SD for smoothness, rutting, and deflections were inspected using instruments, while cracking, pothole, bleeding, patching, and shoving were surveyed visually. The PSO method was used to quickly calculate the synthetic pavement condition for each pavement section and then obtain the optimal prioritization of pavement sections. With this approach, pavement engineers are able to efficiently perform appropriate and timely M&R activities for pavement sections, according to their priority. This study provides an alternative solution to current approaches for prioritization of pavement sections.

AB1175 BIOLOGICAL THERAPY DOSE OPTIMIZATION AND COST MINIMIZATION STUDY IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: UTILITY OF REDOSER TOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1878-1879
Author(s):  
F. Godoy-Navarrete ◽  
S. Manrique Arija ◽  
F. Osorio ◽  
A. M. Cabezas-Lucena ◽  
M. Morales-Águila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Tender Joint Count ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Asas Criteria

Background:Objectives:. To describe the percentage of spondyloarthritis patients on biological therapy (BT) optimization in clinical practice whowould maintain remission or low disease activity (LDA) after 2 years of follow-up and to identify possible factors associated with relapse. To estimate the cost reduction between 2009-19Methods:Design:A retrospective, observational longitudinal study under conditions of clinical practice.Patients:Spondyloarthritis in BT dose reduction. Inclusion criteria: Psoriatic arthritis (CASPAR criteria), and Axial Spondyloarthritis (ASAS criteria) which have been iniciated BT dose reduction between 2009-2019. Patients with BT are followed prospectively by two rheumatologists in a monographic clinic of subcutaneous biological therapy every 6 months, and with their usual rheumatologist every 6 months, as well. In such, the patients are controlled and attended in clinics with a pre-established questionnaire every 3 months.Variables:Maintained Reduction:patients who maintained BT dose reduction since de beginning of the optimization until the index date(data collection).Relapse at 3,6,12,24 months: patient who had to returnt to usual BT dose. Other variables: demographic, time to diagnosis and evolution disease, clinical-analytical: Tender Joint Count(TJC), Swollen Joint Count (SJC), C-reactive Protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), activity index: DAPSA; BASDAI, ASDAS and physical function: HAQ and BASFI. Previous treatment with bDMARD. Dose reduction adjustment according to REDOSER. Cost reduction in euros(absolute and per patient-year) of BT in patients who are in dose reduction compared to the standard care. Analysis: Descriptive, Bivariate analysis, Multivariate logistic regression (DV:relapse). The absolute cost reduction and per patient-year was calculated.Results:65 patients with spondyloarthritis in dose reduction were included. Table 1 main characteristics in study population. The average time since the beginning of the BT was 47.61 months (±37.06). After 24 months of follow-up, 73.8% of patients (48) achieved a sustained reduction. All these patients accomplish remission or low disease according to differente index activities [DAPSA and BASDAI median(p25-p75)= 2.3 (2.1- 2.9) and 1.5 (0.7- 2.6), respectively and ASDAS mean (SD) =1.4 (0.54)] and a shorter time of disease evolution. The dose reduction of BT carried out from 2009 to 2019 meant a total cost savings of 584080.37€, with a patient/year cost savings of 6192.28€. We evaluated the optimization according to REDOSER and it was observed that in 53 patients (81.5%) the reduction would have been adequate and the rest was doubtful. In bivariant analysis between patients who had relapsed and those who had not, only differences were observed in the BT line used [2nd line:(5(29.4%) Vs 2(4.2%),(p=0.025)] and and a higher percentage of patients with a doubt result of REDOSER [9(52.9%)Vs 3(6.3%), p<0.001)] respectively. In multivariant analysis the only independent variable associated with relapse was a doutbful result of REDOSER[OR(IC95%), 3.46(1.18-10.17); p=0.024], R2= 40.2%Figure 1:Conclusion:Biological therapy dose reduction in spondyloarthritis is possible in the majority of patients, maintaining remission/LDA at 24 months. This leads to a greater cost reduction and efficiency. The relapse was associated with a doubtful result in REDOSER before optimization and this tool can be very useful in the assessment of BT reduction.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The Current Situation and Recent Advances of Deep-Water Floating Wind Turbine

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 772-775
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Jia Bin Nie
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine

Offshore wind turbine is a novel approach in the field of wind energy technology. With the rapid development of coastal wind farms, it is the trend to move them outward to deep-water district. However, the cost of construction rises significantly with the increase in water depth. Floating wind turbine is one of the efficient methods to solve this problem. The early history, current status and cutting-edge improvements of overseas offshore floating wind turbine as well as the shortcomings shall be presented. The concept designs, international standards, fully coupled model simulations and hydrodynamic experiments will be illustrated and discussed together with the development of the theory and the related software modules. Thus a novel researching method and concept shall be presented to provide reference for future researches

Understanding Welding Cost: Using Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) for Cost Reduction and Productivity Improvement

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Patrick ◽  
William F. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Deposition Efficiency ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Welding Operation ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding

Welding is often listed as a production operation that companies would like to reduce overall cost and improve productivity; however, most companies merely implement cost reduction programs focused on lowering welding consumable costs. Though significant and important, these associated material costs typically represent only a small percentage to the total cost, i.e., 10 to 20% (welding consumables 8 to 15% and power and equipment 2 to 5%) of the overall welding cost in a typical U.S. welding operation. To further reduce welding costs, companies need to look further. Since labor and overhead, which relates directly to productivity, represents approximately 80 to 85% of the overall cost of any given welding operation they also offer the greatest opportunities for significant cost reduction. Simply changing from Shielded Metal-Arc Welding (SMAW) to Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) can reduce labor cost and increase productivity. Due to the increased deposition efficiency and operating factor of FCAW the weld deposition rate increases thus translating into increased productivity. The increase in productivity, in turn, reduces labor cost by reducing the man-hours required for the completion of any given weld. An added benefit gained by using FCAW is that it also significantly reduces the skill level required by the welder to produce welds of equal quality. When all of these benefits are combined FCAW yields significant cost savings opportunities by reducing labor and simultaneously improving productivity.

An Improvement Inspection Policy for C2F6 Gas Used in Semiconductor Manufacturing

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
I Ping Huang ◽  
Chiuh Cheng Chyu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽  
Geometric Distribution ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Influence Diagram ◽  
Product Failure ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Failure Cost ◽  
Inspection Policy

This research proposes an inspection policy aiming to improve the application of C2F6 in semiconductor manufacturing. For the gas product C2F6, total inspection is commonly employed by the producers before it is sent to downstream manufacturers. The study develops a Bayesian rectifying inspection sampling model with the objective of minimizing expected total cost from the producers standpoint. The factors that influence the total cost include gas product quality, inspection cost, sampling information, product failure cost, inspection accuracy, and decision on the remaining units. Influence diagram is used to represent the problem and derive the total objective function. The application of the model is presented via a real world company using the last four years of data. The proposed inspection policy yields an average of 15% cost savings using a cost reduction estimation method based on hyper-geometric distribution.

Power Assignment for Symmetric Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Joongseok Park ◽  
Sartaj Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Spanning Trees ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Approximation Ratio ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Power Assignment ◽  
Power Cost

We show that two incremental power heuristics for power assignment in a wireless sensor network have an approximation ratio 2. Enhancements to these heuristics are proposed. It is shown that these enhancements do not reduce the approximation ratio of the considered incremental power heuristics. However, experiments conducted by us indicate that the proposed enhancements reduce the power cost of the assignment on average. Further, the two-edge switch enhancements reduce the power-cost reduction (relative to using minimum cost spanning trees) that is, on average, twice as much as obtainable from any of the heuristics proposed earlier.

Cost Savings and Service Strategies in the British National Bibliographic Service

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Peter Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
International Standards ◽  
British Library ◽  
Library Community ◽  
Data Content ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Service Strategies

The British Library launched in 1986 a Catalogue Action Plan to deal with the long-term prospect of declining financial and manpower resources, the absence of growth in the market for its services, an unacceptably large backlog of uncatalogued materials, and a steadily increasing annual output of British publications to be catalogued. The initial phase of the Plan was designed to contain staff costs by reduction and simplification in data content in BNBMARC and other British Library records, predicating their future use primarily in an online (OPAC) environment. It has had significant success for the British Library's aims in the first full year of implementation, but it has raised questions of the cost-benefit in centralized cataloguing services for the library community, in respect both of the costs and sizing of OPAC systems in local libraries and of the necessity of sustaining indefinitely the high cost of adherence to international standards established before OPACs, the CD-ROMs and OSI had changed the technology.

Cost Reduction Strategies in Workover operations in the Face of Low Oil Price: The Agbada Workover Project

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Eze ◽  
Oluwarotimi Onakomaiya ◽  
Ademola Ogunrinde ◽  
Olusegun Adegboyega ◽  
James Wopara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Program Optimization ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Early Return ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Gas Lift

ABSTRACT The current low oil price has resulted in several continuous improvement drives particularly focused on capital efficiency. With over 60 producing oil fields and approximately 700 producing wells, some of which date back to the 60s, work over operations in Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) is imperative. Having completed over twenty (20) Work Over operations in the last six years in SPDC, the importance of Work Over operations as a means to sustain production especially for relatively old, dysfunctional or non-compliant wells and keep the production funnel full at a relatively lower cost compared to new drills is more evident. Work over operations, defined as the repair and/or stimulation of existing wells in order to improve production performance presents the opportunity to maximize short term gains from already existing facilities. The objective of the workover operations on Agbada ABC and XYZ was to restore well integrity with the installation of sub surface safety valves and gas lift mandrels instead of insert orifice while assuring the development of oil and associated gas. The insert orifice had been installed on both wells to enable gas lift operations from the Agbada Associated Gas Gathering (AGG) plant since they were unable to sustain natural flow. However, due to epileptic AGG, both wells quit frequently requiring nitrogen lift with an average Non-Productive Times (NPT) of 6 months per year while Agbada XYZ was put on cyclic production and had been a pressure build-up well with at least two weeks down time per month. The workover operation was therefore proposed to replace the existing (punched) tubing, install proper gas lift mandrels for optimum performance, reduce well operating cost arising from AGG outage and/or compressor failure and restore production in the reservoir. This paper aims to discuss the cost reduction strategies such as collaboration, re-use, program optimization and operational efficiency applied in driving down Non-Productive Times (NPT) in the efficient delivery of these workover operations which resulted in &lt;6% NPT, &gt;30% time savings, ca. 40% cost savings and early return of wells to production.

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