Correcting Subsurface Seismic Depth Uncertainty in Real-Time Using Reservoir Navigation Distance-to-Bed Mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Imomoh ◽  
Kenneth Amadi ◽  
Johnbosco Onyeji
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Horizontal Drilling ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
Petrophysical Data ◽  
Navigation Service

Abstract The most common challenge in horizontal drilling is depth uncertainty which can be due to poor seismic data or interpretation. It is arguable that a successful landing of the wellbore in the reservoir optimally and within the desired zone is the most challenging in most geosteering operation. The presence of fluid contacts such as oil-water-contact (OWC) and gas-oil-contact (GOC) complicates the whole drilling process, most especially if these fluid contacts are not well defined or known. Additionally, the ability to map the boundaries of the reservoir as the BHA drills the lateral section is an added advantage to remaining within the desired reservoir section. The success of any reservoir navigation service where seismic uncertainty at the reservoir top is high will rely largely on how effective the geosteering system is and how the geosteering engineer is able to react promptly to changes while landing the well in the reservoir and drilling the lateral section with without exiting the reservoir. Reservoir Navigation Service (RNS) provides the means for the drilling near horizontal or horizontal wells for the purpose of increasing hydrocarbon extraction from the earth's subsurface. This involves the use of a pre-defined bottom hole assembly (BHA) with inbuilt downhole logging while drilling (LWD) and measurement while drilling (MWD) sensors. The measurements from these downhole sensors are uplinked to the surface of the wellbore where they are converted to meaningful petrophysical data. The goal is to use the downhole petrophysical data such as gamma ray, propagation resistivity and so on, to update an existing pre-well geological model of a section of the earth in such a way that the final result depicts the true model picture of the earth subsurface. This paper focuses on using well CBH-44L to showcase how the use of real-time distance-to-boundary (D2B) measurement from a deep reading azimuthal propagation resistivity tool is use to correct for depth uncertainty in seismic, thereby, improving the chance of successfully landing and drilling a horizontal well.

scholarly journals Research of Dynamic Azimuth Gamma Instrument while Drilling for Mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 03031
Author(s):  
Chen Long ◽  
Chen Gang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Rotary Drilling ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Power Line Carrier ◽  
Measurement While Drilling

In view of the problems that the existing gamma logging instruments in coal mines can only carry out static fixed-point measurement and are not suitable for rotary drilling, this paper, based on the analysis of the characteristics of measurement while drilling in coal mines and the principle of gamma logging, designs and realizes the dynamic gamma azimuth instruments for mines by means of power line carrier, rotation positioning and gamma measurement technology, which can measure the intensity of natural gamma ray in two directions around the borehole in real time, effectively reflect the changes of different radioactive strata, and guide the geosteering while drilling in coal mine.

Formation Evaluation From Logging on Cuttings

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Santarelli ◽  
A.F. Marsala ◽  
M. Brignoli ◽  
E. Rossi ◽  
N. Bona
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Formation Evaluation ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
High Degree

Abstract This paper presents an overview of a vast research project named Formation Evaluation 2000 that was undertaken by Agip SpA and was aimed at characterizing in real time the formations encountered during drilling by the mean of measurements on drill chips. To date, the project has demonstrated the feasibility to obtain representative values of the P and S wave velocities, rock strength and deformability, permeability, porosity, density, residual fluid content and saturation. Further work is underway in order to gain access to the pore size distribution, the thermal expansion and the conductivity of the rocks. The paper presents the methodology used systematically to assess such a feasibility and illustrates the results obtained to date during the various sequences of the research - i.e. primary design of the measure, laboratory tuning and field applicability. Furthermore, a series of field cases where these techniques were used are presented in order to highlight the industrial applications of such a package of measurements. Introduction In the oil industry, Formation Evaluation is traditionally performed after the drilling of the well by a series of techniques amongst which one can mention:core measurements which give direct indications but which are necessarily limited in space as it is often uneconomical to core continuously all the formations of interest;logs which give continuous measurements but which are often indirect - e.g. porosity from sonic logs;well tests of whatever nature - e.g. may they be for permeability determination or fracturation pressure, etc. - and which give large scale information about the rocks.In practice, the main drawback of such techniques is not so much technical than temporal in so far as they allow the characterization of the formations only after the end of the well whilst a while drilling evaluation would benefit many operations. For this reason, the industry has developed the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) and Logging While Drilling (LWD) techniques which aim at obtaining a real time formation evaluation. These techniques consist in inserting high technology sensors in the Bottom Hole Assembly and at performing and recording various measures on the formations soon after they have been discovered by the bit. Nevertheless, such techniques also suffer from various drawbacks which are listed below in a non-exhaustive manner: i. in the case when the measurement is sent directly from the bottom of the hole to the rig floor, the lag time for the availability of the information is only due to the distance between the bit and the sensor which may be several hours if the instantaneous Rate Of Penetration (ROP) is slow - e.g. < 2 m/h -; ii. in the case when the measurement is not sent to surface, the information only becomes available once the bit is pulled out of hole which may mean several days after the formations have been uncovered by the bit; iii. MWD and LWD tools are expensive high technology equipments which require a high degree of well stability to be run such as to minimize the risk of leaving them downhole because of a stick pipe problem. iv. finally, the interpretation of the measurements may be quite complicated as corrections have to be brought for various factors such as for example the vibrations of the drillstring in the case of the Sonic While Drilling. Because of the global situation described above, Agip decided to investigate the possible use of cuttings to perform quantitative physical determinations of the properties of the formations encountered by the well. As questions about the physical representativity of cuttings were raised very early in the project, it was decided to follow a two stage approach:

Advanced Wellbore Surveying Technology Extends the Drilling Limits in Offshore Operation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud ElGizawy ◽  
Knut Ness ◽  
Saleel Kolakkodan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Magnetic Measurement ◽  
Magnetic Survey ◽  
Well Placement ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Probability Of Collision ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly

Abstract Wellbore surveying is critical while drilling in order to assure the drilled well is following the plan and is penetrating the geological target. Additionally, wellbore surveying is the key to allowing a well to be drilled safely, avoiding other wells drilled in the same field, and optimizing reservoir production. Standard wellbore surveying accuracy is increasingly inadequate for optimizing the well placement in real time to maximize the reservoir recovery due to maturity of the field. The other disadvantage of the standard wellbore surveying often requires running an additional wellbore surveying tool to improve the accuracy in order to manage the collision avoidance with nearby wells in the same field, introducing unwanted time and costs. Hence, this article presents the advanced wellbore surveying technology that is successfully implemented in offshore fields of Abu Dhabi to overcome the limitations of the standard surveying accuracy without compromising rig time. Magnetic measurement while drilling (MWD) surveys are common standard and utilized in every directional well in this operation. To overcome the standard accuracy limitation, advanced survey correction to the magnetic MWD surveys is introduced. This includes in-field referencing to provide a higher resolution magnetic reference to calculate a more accurate well direction, correction to the effect of the steel components in the bottom hole assembly on the magnetic MWD surveys, correction to the errors associated with survey sensors calibration, and correction to any misalignment between the survey tool and the wellbore. Correcting the surveys in real-time while drilling is the key to placing the well accurately and to avoid offset wells in the close proximity. The details of the corrections methodology are discussed. Advanced magnetic survey correction procedures in real-time are outlined and mapped out. Finally, results of improving the magnetic surveys while drilling in placing the wells and minimizing the collision risk of offset wells are presented. This advanced survey technology allows drilling previously un-drillable wells in these offshore fields, and the allowance for increased density of wells in the reservoir gives the operator opportunity to maximize production recovery and extend the life of reservoir. Higher accuracy of wellbore surveys is an increasing requirement in mature fields to safely allow more accurately placed wellbores with the required production rates. This allows for improved well placement along the trajectory facilitating adjustment at control points and landing points to maximize the hydrocarbon production. In addition, it allows controlling the probability of collision with any nearby wells. The enhanced wellbore surveying accuracy is achieved by advanced magnetic survey corrections in real time. This is controlled by a stringent novel process and communication protocol in order to meet the accuracy objectives.

Real-time signal processing in field programmable gate array based digital gamma-ray spectrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 104707
Author(s):  
Yinyu Liu ◽  
Hao Xiong ◽  
Chunhui Dong ◽  
Chaoyang Zhao ◽  
Quanfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Field Programmable Gate Array ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Gate Array ◽  
Real Time Signal Processing

scholarly journals Kinematics and dynamics analysis of new rotary-percussive PDM drilling tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 146134842198915
Author(s):  
Jialin Tian ◽  
Xuehua Hu ◽  
Liming Dai ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drill String ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Rate Of Penetration ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a new drilling tool with multidirectional and controllable vibrations for enhancing the drilling rate of penetration and reducing the wellbore friction in complex well structure. Based on the structure design, the working mechanism is analyzed in downhole conditions. Then, combined with the impact theory and the drilling process, the theoretical models including the various impact forces are established. Also, to study the downhole performance, the bottom hole assembly dynamics characteristics in new condition are discussed. Moreover, to study the influence of key parameters on the impact force, the parabolic effect of the tool and the rebound of the drill string were considered, and the kinematics and mechanical properties of the new tool under working conditions were calculated. For the importance of the roller as a vibration generator, the displacement trajectory of the roller under different rotating speed and weight on bit was compared and analyzed. The reliable and accuracy of the theoretical model were verified by comparing the calculation results and experimental test results. The results show that the new design can produce a continuous and stable periodic impact. By adjusting the design parameter matching to the working condition, the bottom hole assembly with the new tool can improve the rate of penetration and reduce the wellbore friction or drilling stick-slip with benign vibration. The analysis model can also be used for a similar method or design just by changing the relative parameters. The research and results can provide references for enhancing drilling efficiency and safe production.

scholarly journals Neutrino Astronomy with IceCube

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (S324) ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Astrophysical Neutrinos ◽  
Charged Secondary ◽  
Neutrino Astronomy ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractThe IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic kilometer neutrino telescope located at the Geographic South Pole. Cherenkov radiation emitted by charged secondary particles from neutrino interactions is observed by IceCube using an array of 5160 photomultiplier tubes embedded between a depth of 1.5 km to 2.5 km in the Antarctic glacial ice. The detection of astrophysical neutrinos is a primary goal of IceCube and has now been realized with the discovery of a diffuse, high-energy flux consisting of neutrino events from tens of TeV up to several PeV. Many analyses have been performed to identify the source of these neutrinos: correlations with active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, and the galactic plane. IceCube also conducts multi-messenger campaigns to alert other observatories of possible neutrino transients in real-time. However, the source of these neutrinos remains elusive as no corresponding electromagnetic counterparts have been identified. This proceeding will give an overview of the detection principles of IceCube, the properties of the observed astrophysical neutrinos, the search for corresponding sources (including real-time searches), and plans for a next-generation neutrino detector, IceCube–Gen2.

Dynamic Measurement of Spatial Attitude at Bottom Rotating Drillstring: Simulation, Experimental, and Field Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qilong Xue ◽  
Ruihe Wang ◽  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Leilei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Dynamic Measurement ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Gas Drilling

In the oil and gas drilling engineering, measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system is usually used to provide real-time monitoring of the position and orientation of the bottom hole. Particularly in the rotary steerable drilling technology and application, it is a challenge to measure the spatial attitude of the bottom drillstring accurately in real time while the drillstring is rotating. A set of “strap-down” measurement system was developed in this paper. The triaxial accelerometer and triaxial fluxgate were installed near the bit, and real-time inclination and azimuth can be measured while the drillstring is rotating. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the continuous measurement was established during drilling. The real-time signals of the accelerometer and the fluxgate sensors are processed and analyzed in a time window, and the movement patterns of the drilling bit will be observed, such as stationary, uniform rotation, and stick–slip. Different signal processing methods will be used for different movement patterns. Additionally, a scientific approach was put forward to improve the solver accuracy benefit from the use of stick–slip vibration phenomenon. We also developed the Kalman filter (KF) to improve the solver accuracy. The actual measurement data through drilling process verify that the algorithm proposed in this paper is reliable and effective and the dynamic measurement errors of inclination and azimuth are effectively reduced.

A real-time steering technique for horizontal drilling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Huqiang* ◽  
Zhang Yanqing ◽  
Sun Zengjiu ◽  
Zhang Junyong ◽  
An Peng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Horizontal Drilling

A Novel Workflow for Geosteering a Horizontal Well in a Low Resistivity Contrast Anisotropic Environment: A Case Study in Semoga Field, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yessica Fransisca ◽  
Karinka Adiandra ◽  
Vinda Manurung ◽  
Laila Warkhaida ◽  
M. Aidil Arham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Horizontal Well ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Electrical Anisotropy ◽  
Anisotropy Ratio ◽  
Well Placement ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This paper describes the combination of strategies deployed to optimize horizontal well placement in a 40 ft thick isotropic sand with very low resistivity contrast compared to an underlying anisotropic shale in Semoga field. These strategies were developed due to previously unsuccessful attempts to drill a horizontal well with multiple side-tracks that was finally drilled and completed as a high-inclined well. To maximize reservoir contact of the subject horizontal well, a new methodology on well placement was developed by applying lessons learned, taking into account the additional challenges within this well. The first approach was to conduct a thorough analysis on the previous inclined well to evaluate each formation layer’s anisotropy ratio to be used in an effective geosteering model that could better simulate the real time environment. Correct selections of geosteering tools based on comprehensive pre-well modelling was considered to ensure on-target landing section to facilitate an effective lateral section. A comprehensive geosteering pre-well model was constructed to guide real-time operations. In the subject horizontal well, landing strategy was analysed in four stages of anisotropy ratio. The lateral section strategy focused on how to cater for the expected fault and maintain the trajectory to maximize reservoir exposure. Execution of the geosteering operations resulted in 100% reservoir contact. By monitoring the behaviour of shale anisotropy ratio from resistivity measurements and gamma ray at-bit data while drilling, the subject well was precisely landed at 11.5 ft TVD below the top of target sand. In the lateral section, wellbore trajectory intersected two faults exhibiting greater associated throw compared to the seismic estimate. Resistivity geo-signal and azimuthal resistivity responses were used to maintain the wellbore attitude inside the target reservoir. In this case history well with a low resistivity contrast environment, this methodology successfully enabled efficient operations to land the well precisely at the target with minimum borehole tortuosity. This was achieved by reducing geological uncertainty due to anomalous resistivity data responding to shale electrical anisotropy. Recognition of these electromagnetic resistivity values also played an important role in identifying the overlain anisotropic shale layer, hence avoiding reservoir exit. This workflow also helped in benchmarking future horizontal well placement operations in Semoga Field. Technical Categories: Geosteering and Well Placement, Reservoir Engineering, Low resistivity Low Contrast Reservoir Evaluation, Real-Time Operations, Case Studies

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